bir

sq-noun

bir m (plural bij, definite biri, definite plural bijtë)

bij (plural)
biri (definite)
bijtë (definite plural)
bir (indefinite nominative singular)
biri (definite nominative singular)
bij (indefinite nominative plural)
bijtë (definite nominative plural)
bir (accusative indefinite singular)
birin (accusative definite singular)
bij (accusative indefinite plural)
bijtë (accusative definite plural)
biri (dative indefinite singular)
birit (dative definite singular)
bijve (dative indefinite plural)
bijve (dative definite plural)
biri (ablative indefinite singular)
birit (ablative definite singular)
bijsh (ablative indefinite plural)
bijve (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *bira, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (compare Old English byre, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂 (baur, “son”)). Phonetically and semantically close to Messapic *bilia (“daughter”) and *biles (“son”), Matzinger reconstructs two different stems: pre-Albanian *bʰi-ro- and pre-Messapic *bʰi-lo-, both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, become”); compare Ancient Greek φῦλον (phûlon, “race, tribe”).


baba

sq-noun

babá m (plural baballárë, definite babái)

babá (canonical masculine)
baballárë (plural)
babái (definite)

From Ottoman Turkish بابا (baba), whence Turkish baba.


nip

nip m (plural nipër, definite nipi, definite plural nipërt)

nipër (plural)
nipi (definite)
nipërt (definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *nepō, from Proto-Indo-European *népōts (“grandson, nephew”). Cognate to Latin nepos (“grandson”) and Sanskrit नपात् (nápat-, “grandson”). Reinforcement/influence or a borrowing from Latin is also possible.


pijan

sq-noun

pijan m (plural pijanë, definite pijani, definite plural pijanët)

pijanë (plural)
pijani (definite)
pijanët (definite plural)
pijan (indefinite nominative singular)
pijani (definite nominative singular)
pijanë (indefinite nominative plural)
pijanët (definite nominative plural)
pijan (accusative indefinite singular)
pijanin (accusative definite singular)
pijanë (accusative indefinite plural)
pijanët (accusative definite plural)
pijani (dative indefinite singular)
pijanit (dative definite singular)
pijanëve (dative indefinite plural)
pijanëve (dative definite plural)
pijani (ablative indefinite singular)
pijanit (ablative definite singular)
pijanësh (ablative indefinite plural)
pijanëve (ablative definite plural)

From pije (“drink”), pije + -an (equivalent to English drink + -er). See pi (“I drink”) and pije (“drink”) for more.


bac

bac m (plural bacë, definite baca, definite plural bacët)

bacë (plural)
baca (definite)
bacët (definite plural)

#Borrowed from South Slavic *bat'a rather than cognate with it.
#From Proto-Albanian *batja. According to Orel bac/bacë could be related to Proto-Slavic *bat'a (“elder brother, uncle”) and Proto-Slavic *batja (“id”). Source of Romanian baci (“chief shepherd, cheese-maker”) and Megleno-Romanian/Aromanian batš (“id”).


gjysh

sq-noun

gjysh m (plural gjyshër or gjysha, definite gjyshi, definite plural gjyshërit or gjyshat)

gjyshër (plural)
gjysha (plural)
gjyshi (definite)
gjyshërit (definite plural)
gjyshat (definite plural)
gjysh (indefinite nominative singular)
gjyshi (definite nominative singular)
gjysha (indefinite nominative plural)
gjyshat (definite nominative plural)
gjysh (accusative indefinite singular)
gjyshin (accusative definite singular)
gjysha (accusative indefinite plural)
gjyshat (accusative definite plural)
gjyshi (dative indefinite singular)
gjyshit (dative definite singular)
gjyshave (dative indefinite plural)
gjyshave (dative definite plural)
gjyshi (ablative indefinite singular)
gjyshit (ablative definite singular)
gjyshash (ablative indefinite plural)
gjyshave (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *sūša, from earlier *sūsa, from Proto-Indo-European *suHsos (compare Sanskrit सूषा (sūṣā́, “parturient woman”)), variant of *suHnús (compare English son). Compare also the related Romanian ghiuj.
Alternatively, from Proto-Albanian *źýśii̯a-, from older *sū́sii̯a-, from Proto-Indo-European *súHsii̯o- (“progenitor”).

cog

(religion) head of a group of Bektashi congregations


burrë

sq-noun

burrë m (plural burra, definite burri, definite plural burrat)

burra (plural)
burri (definite)
burrat (definite plural)
burrë (indefinite nominative singular)
burri (definite nominative singular)
burra (indefinite nominative plural)
burrat (definite nominative plural)
burrë (accusative indefinite singular)
burrin (accusative definite singular)
burra (accusative indefinite plural)
burrat (accusative definite plural)
burri (dative indefinite singular)
burrit (dative definite singular)
burrave (dative indefinite plural)
burrave (dative definite plural)
burri (ablative indefinite singular)
burrit (ablative definite singular)
burrash (ablative indefinite plural)
burrave (ablative definite plural)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂u-ro-, from *bʰuh₂- (“to be, become”). Close to Proto-Germanic *būraz (“inhabitant, dweller”). Possibly through Germanic. Possibly related to Thracian [script needed] (bur).

cog

Coordinate term: grua (“woman”)


atë

sq-noun

atë m (plural etër, definite ati, definite plural etërit)

etër (plural)
ati (definite)
etërit (definite plural)
atë (indefinite nominative singular)
ati (definite nominative singular)
etër (indefinite nominative plural)
etërit (definite nominative plural)
atë (accusative indefinite singular)
atin (accusative definite singular)
etër (accusative indefinite plural)
etërit (accusative definite plural)
eti (dative indefinite singular)
atit (dative definite singular)
etërve (dative indefinite plural)
etërve (dative definite plural)
eti (ablative indefinite singular)
atit (ablative definite singular)
etërish (ablative indefinite plural)
etërve (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *ata, from Proto-Indo-European *átta, whence also Hittite 𒀜𒋫𒀸 (attas), Ancient Greek ἄττα (átta), Latin atta, Proto-Slavic *otьcь, and similar Lallwörter.


dajë

dajë f (plural daja, definite daja, definite plural dajat)

daja (plural)
daja (definite)
dajat (definite plural)
dajë (indefinite nominative singular)
daja (definite nominative singular)
daja (indefinite nominative plural)
dajat (definite nominative plural)
dajë (accusative indefinite singular)
dajën (accusative definite singular)
daja (accusative indefinite plural)
dajat (accusative definite plural)
dajeje (dative indefinite singular)
dajës (dative definite singular)
dajave (dative indefinite plural)
dajave (dative definite plural)
dajeje (ablative indefinite singular)
dajës (ablative definite singular)
dajash (ablative indefinite plural)
dajave (ablative definite plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دایی (dayı).


vëlla

sq-noun

vëlla m (plural vëllezër, definite vëllai, definite plural vëllezërit)

vëllezër (plural)
vëllai (definite)
vëllezërit (definite plural)
vëlla (indefinite nominative singular)
vëllai (definite nominative singular)
vëllezër (indefinite nominative plural)
vëllezërit (definite nominative plural)
vëlla (accusative indefinite singular)
vëllanë (accusative definite singular)
vëllezër (accusative indefinite plural)
vëllezërit (accusative definite plural)
vëllai (dative indefinite singular)
vëllait (dative definite singular)
vëllezërve (dative indefinite plural)
vëllezërve (dative definite plural)
vëllai (ablative indefinite singular)
vëllait (ablative definite singular)
vëllezërish (ablative indefinite plural)
vëllezërve (ablative definite plural)

Uncertain.
1) From Proto-Albanian *swe-laudā, *swe representing the reflexive *u (“self”), and *lauda, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“man, people”), thus meaning belonging to the same people.
2) From *vëllaz (in plural (Gheg) vëllazën), from *waládža, from Proto-Albanian *(a)waládja, metathesis of *awádlja, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewh₂ó-dʰl̥yos (“mother's brother”). Same sense development as motër (“sister”), from *méh₂treh₂ (“mother's sister”).
3) From Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ-, possibly < *uai-láu(d) (< *suoi- h1loudhi-), an old compound with the reflexive pronoun ve(të) (“own, self”). The plural stem *vəɫaz- (> vëllezër / vëllazën) can be derived phonetically from *laudźi-. Possibly related to Phrygian vela (“family, relatives”). A connection to Finnish veli, Estonian veli (“brother”) (see Proto-Finnic *velji) has been proposed, although this is improbable.
4) From Proto-Albanian *u̯əłáə, from *u̯əłáðə, from an earlier *u̯əłáðī. Ultimately from PIE *su̯e-(h₁)le/ou̯dʰii̯o-n-. The form of vëllezër (Tosk)/Vëllezën (Gheg) comes from Proto-Albanian *u̯ełédzenì, from Pre-Proto-Albanian *u̯eládi̯anì. Vëllezëri/Vllazni comes from Proto-Albanian *u̯eladi̯an-ía.


njerk

Back-formation from njerkë (“stepmother”).


vitërk

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin vītricus. Compare Romanian vitreg.


dhëndërr

sq-noun

dhëndërr m (plural dhëndurrë, definite dhëndrri, definite plural dhëndurrët)

dhëndurrë (plural)
dhëndrri (definite)
dhëndurrët (definite plural)


dhëndër

dhëndër m (plural dhëndurë, definite dhëndri, definite plural dhëndurët)

dhëndurë (plural)
dhëndri (definite)
dhëndurët (definite plural)

Multiple reconstructions:
1) Demiraj derives it from Proto-Albanian *ĝāmtḗr-
2) Orel from Proto-Albanian *dzanra
3) Matzinger from Proto-Albanian *ðándura-, from Pre-Proto-Albanian *j́ándura
All ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵem- (“to marry”). Cognate to Latin gener, Ancient Greek γαμβρός (gambrós), Sanskrit जामातृ (jāmātṛ).

Për Skilicën Vladimiri është dhëndër i Samuelit.

1990, Studime historike, volume 44, page 137:

For Skilica Vladimir is Samuel's son-in-law.

Djali që bëhet dhëndër vishet me këtë rast me teshat më të reja, që për herë të parë ushtohen, […]

1988, Fadil Sulejmani, Lindja, martesa dhe mortja në malësitë e Tetovës, page 237:


apë

apë m (plural apa, definite api, definite plural apat)

apa (plural)
api (definite)
apat (definite plural)


ungj

ungj m (plural ungjër, definite ungji, definite plural ungjërit)

ungjër (plural)
ungji (definite)
ungjërit (definite plural)

From earlier ungël, borrowed through Vulgar Latin aunculo or aunclus from Latin avunculus (“maternal uncle”). cf. Romanian unchi.


tatë

Univerbation of the oblique definite form of atë by the article të. Cf. also the Proto-Indo-European *tatás. Compare also Romanian tată (“father”), or Serbo-Croatian tata (“dad”).


çun

çun m (plural çuna, definite çuni, definite plural çunat)

çuna (plural)
çuni (definite)
çunat (definite plural)


axhë

axhë f (plural axha, definite axha, definite plural axhat)

axha (plural)
axha (definite)
axhat (definite plural)
axhë (indefinite nominative singular)
axha (definite nominative singular)
axha (indefinite nominative plural)
axhat (definite nominative plural)
axhë (accusative indefinite singular)
axhën (accusative definite singular)
axha (accusative indefinite plural)
axhat (accusative definite plural)
axheje (dative indefinite singular)
axhës (dative definite singular)
axhave (dative indefinite plural)
axhave (dative definite plural)
axheje (ablative indefinite singular)
axhës (ablative definite singular)
axhash (ablative indefinite plural)
axhave (ablative definite plural)


xhaxha

xhaxha m (plural xhaxhallarë, definite xhaxhai, definite plural xhaxhallarët)

xhaxhallarë (plural)
xhaxhai (definite)
xhaxhallarët (definite plural)
xhaxha (indefinite nominative singular)
xhaxhai (definite nominative singular)
xhaxhallarë (indefinite nominative plural)
xhaxhallarët (definite nominative plural)
xhaxha (accusative indefinite singular)
xhaxhanë (accusative definite singular)
xhaxhallarë (accusative indefinite plural)
xhaxhallarët (accusative definite plural)
xhaxhai (dative indefinite singular)
xhaxhait (dative definite singular)
xhaxhallarëve (dative indefinite plural)
xhaxhallarëve (dative definite plural)
xhaxhai (ablative indefinite singular)
xhaxhait (ablative definite singular)
xhaxhallarësh (ablative indefinite plural)
xhaxhallarëve (ablative definite plural)


lalë

Ultimately a babble word, compare jajë (“aunt”). Compare also Aromanian lalã (“uncle”), Greek λαλάς (lalás, “grandfather, governor, mentor”), λαλά (lalá, “grandmother”), Calabrian Greek leḍḍé (“brother”), leḍḍá (“sister”). Possibly from dialectal Persian لالا (lâlâ, “elder brother”) via dialectal Ottoman Turkish لالا (lala), compare dialectal sense “sister”, whereas the standard and widely attested sense is “tutor”. Sense 2 may have possibly arisen given the reported usage of the word as particular of the region.

cog

father (by his children), especially if young


kunat

sq-noun

kunat m (plural kunetër, definite kunati, definite plural kunetërit)

kunetër (plural)
kunati (definite)
kunetërit (definite plural)
kunat (indefinite nominative singular)
kunati (definite nominative singular)
kunetër (indefinite nominative plural)
kunetërit (definite nominative plural)
kunat (accusative indefinite singular)
kunatin (accusative definite singular)
kunetër (accusative indefinite plural)
kunetërit (accusative definite plural)
kunati (dative indefinite singular)
kunatit (dative definite singular)
kunetërve (dative indefinite plural)
kunetërve (dative definite plural)
kunati (ablative indefinite singular)
kunatit (ablative definite singular)
kunetërish (ablative indefinite plural)
kunetërve (ablative definite plural)

Borrowed from Latin cognātus. Compare Romanian cumnat, Aromanian cumnat, Dalmatian comnut.


vëllam

vëllam m (plural vëllamë, definite vëllami, definite plural vëllamët)

vëllamë (plural)
vëllami (definite)
vëllamët (definite plural)
vëllam (indefinite nominative singular)
vëllami (definite nominative singular)
vëllamë (indefinite nominative plural)
vëllamët (definite nominative plural)
vëllam (accusative indefinite singular)
vëllamin (accusative definite singular)
vëllamë (accusative indefinite plural)
vëllamët (accusative definite plural)
vëllami (dative indefinite singular)
vëllamit (dative definite singular)
vëllamëve (dative indefinite plural)
vëllamëve (dative definite plural)
vëllami (ablative indefinite singular)
vëllamit (ablative definite singular)
vëllamësh (ablative indefinite plural)
vëllamëve (ablative definite plural)

→ Aromanian: avlami

→ Greek: βλάμης (vlámis)

From vëlla (“brother”). The secondary sense “best man” is shared with Macedonian побратим (pobratim, literally “blood brother”).


goc

sq-noun

goc m (plural gocë, definite goci, definite plural gocët)

gocë (plural)
goci (definite)
gocët (definite plural)

Derivative of gocë (“girl”) (dialect of Gostivar).


stërgjysh

stërgjysh m (plural stërgjyshër／stërgjysha, definite stërgjyshi)

stërgjyshër／stërgjysha (plural)
stërgjyshi (definite)

From stër- (“great-”) + gjysh (“grandfather”).


kollovar

sq-noun

kollovar m (plural kollovarë, definite kollovari, definite plural kollovarët)

kollovarë (plural)
kollovari (definite)
kollovarët (definite plural)

Probably from Macedonian голо (golo) (naked), with the -var suffix; in the sense: "destitute", "one who has nothing".


krajl

krajl m (plural krajlë, definite krajli, definite plural krajlët)

krajlë (plural)
krajli (definite)
krajlët (definite plural)

Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *korľь (“king”).


tregjysh

From tre (“three”) + gjysh (“grandfather”).