te

From Proto-Albanian *te-k(u), from Proto-Indo-European *to- (“it”). Governs the nominative determinative, due to its relatively recent use as a preposition and its origin as a shortened form of Albanian *te-k(u).

Unë jam te pijetorja.

të duash ndokënd.

Jemi te unë.

(with a human referent) at (someone's) place


me

Ancient Greek language
Gothic language
Old Norse language

From Proto-Albanian *me(t). Cognate to Ancient Greek μετά (metá, “after, beyond; in the middle, between”), Gothic miþ (“with”), Old Norse með.

cog-lite

Shkoj me tim vëlla.

E sheh djalin me sytë e kaltër?

Preferoj të shkruaj me penë.


pa

From Proto-Albanian *apa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”). Cognate to Messapic [script needed] (apa, “from, out of, by”), Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó, “away, off”), Sanskrit अप (apá).


para

Back formation from përpara, from Proto-Albanian *pər-parə-a, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥H-e/o-s (“before, in front”)

der

para afatit

para dy shekujsh

para një pasqyre

para klasës

(presence) in front of, in the presence of


afër

From Proto-Albanian *apsera or *asper(a), representing a contamination of *aps, reflected in Ancient Greek ἄψ (áps, “backwards”), a variant of Proto-Indo-European *apo- (“off, away”), with Proto-Indo-European *apero-. Cognate to Sanskrit अपर (ápara, “posterior, later, following”), Gothic 𐌰𐍆𐌰𐍂 (afar, “after”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎼 (a-p-r /apara/, “later, after”), Avestan 𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬀 (apara, “more behind, later”).
Alternatively, from a + -fër.

cog

at, beside, by, near, nearby, near to, next to


pas

From Proto-Albanian *pa ̊, from Proto-Indo-European *pós (“directly to, at, after”). Cognate to Ancient Greek πός (pós, “at, to, by”), Old Church Slavonic по (po, “behind, after”).


ka

Old Church Slavonic language
Proto-Albanian language
Proto-Indo-European language
Shkodër
Tosk Albanian language

From older kah, from *kah ~ ngah (compare Tosk Albanian nga), from Proto-Albanian *en kaxa, from Proto-Indo-European *en kʷod so (“wherein, wherefrom”), literally ‘in which this’. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic къ (kŭ, “to”).


mas

From Proto-Albanian *matja, from *mh̥₁ti̯-e-, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (compare Old English mǣd, Latin mētior).


mas

Gheg variant of Tosk pas (“behind, beyond, after”). From mbasi, mbas (“after”). A compound of më (“more, most”) + pas (“behind, after, beyond”) (pas from Proto-Albanian *pa ̊ (see pa), from Proto-Indo-European *pos(t) (“directly to, at, after”). Cognate to Ancient Greek πός (pós, “at, to, by”), Old Church Slavonic по (po, “behind, after”)).


sipas

sipas profecisë


larg

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin, from Latin largus (“abundant, big”, adjective). Compare Aromanian largu (“far”, adverb).

der

larg qytetit


prapa

From Proto-Albanian *per apa, *pra apa, the second element being identical with pa.


gjatë

From dialectal and archaic glatë, from Proto-Albanian *dlata, from pre-Albanian *dl̥h₁gʰto, from Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós and suffix *-to.


nga

From Proto-Albanian *en-ka and related to the preposition ka (“from, out, out of, to”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic къ (kŭ, “to”).


midis

Most likely a variant of mjedis. More at mjedis.


në

From Proto-Albanian *ana, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enō (“along a slanted surface, etc.”), from *h₂én (“on, upon, onto, up to”). Cognate to Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “on, upwards, along”), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ana, “on, in, against, because of, about”), English on, and Old Prussian no, na (“on (where), against, about there”).


në

në më do, mos më plas


rreth

sq-noun

rreth m (plural rrathë, definite rrethi, definite plural rrathët)

rrathë (plural)
rrethi (definite)
rrathët (definite plural)
rreth (indefinite nominative singular)
rrethi (definite nominative singular)
rrathë (indefinite nominative plural)
rrathët (definite nominative plural)
rreth (accusative indefinite singular)
rrethin (accusative definite singular)
rrathë (accusative indefinite plural)
rrathët (accusative definite plural)
rrethi (dative indefinite singular)
rrethit (dative definite singular)
rrathëve (dative indefinite plural)
rrathëve (dative definite plural)
rrethi (ablative indefinite singular)
rrethit (ablative definite singular)
rrathësh (ablative indefinite plural)
rrathëve (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *ratsa, from *rat(i)tsa, from pre-Albanian *róth₂iḱom, diminutive of Proto-Indo-European *Hrot-h₂-ó- (“wheel”), from *Hret- (“to roll”) (compare Lithuanian rãtas, German Rad). Plural formation of rrath.

(politics, historical) district (former subdivision of Albania)


mbi

From Proto-Albanian *(V)(m)pi, perhaps from a compound of Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-h₁pi (“up, on, upon, (on-to, un-to)”), from *h₂én (“on”) + *h₁(é)pi, *h₁ópi (“by, near, at”); otherwise just the latter component and phonetically influenced by mbë. Compare Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí, “on, to, towards”), Sanskrit अपि (ápi), Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬞𐬌 (aⁱpi), Old Persian [script needed] (apiy), Old Armenian եւ (ew), Latin ob, and Old English bī (English by).

cog

hipi mbi çati

doli mbi ujë

(came out) appeared on the water's surface

dy gradë mbi zero

mbi çati

mbi ujë


përmbi

From Proto-Albanian *per-ambi. Reanalyzable as për + mbi.


ndër

From Proto-Albanian *enter, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁entér (“between”); compare Latin inter. See also ndë (“in”), ndën, nën (“under”).


për

From Proto-Albanian *per(i), from Proto-Indo-European *peri (“leading (out) across”). Cognate to Latin per (“through, over”), Sanskrit परि (parí, “(a)round”).


jashtë

From Proto-Albanian *e(k)šta, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs-to- (compare Ancient Greek ἐκτός (ektós, “outside”)), suffixed form of *h₁eǵʰs, whence Latin ex (compare also extra, exter from *h₁eǵʰs-tro-, *h₁eǵʰs-ter), Ancient Greek ἐξ (ex), Old Church Slavonic из (iz). Compare the now obsolete Albanian ith, probably from *h₁eǵʰs, and ish derived from a variant form *eḱs.


sipër

A recombination of përsipër (“up there, above”) < për s' epër where së epër is the ablative of (i) epër.


rrëzë

sq-noun

rrëzë f (plural rrëza, definite rrëza, definite plural rrëzat)

rrëza (plural)
rrëza (definite)
rrëzat (definite plural)
rrëzë (indefinite nominative singular)
rrëza (definite nominative singular)
rrëza (indefinite nominative plural)
rrëzat (definite nominative plural)
rrëzë (accusative indefinite singular)
rrëzën (accusative definite singular)
rrëza (accusative indefinite plural)
rrëzat (accusative definite plural)
rrëzeje (dative indefinite singular)
rrëzës (dative definite singular)
rrëzave (dative indefinite plural)
rrëzave (dative definite plural)
rrëzeje (ablative indefinite singular)
rrëzës (ablative definite singular)
rrëzash (ablative indefinite plural)
rrëzave (ablative definite plural)

Denasalized variant of dialectal rrënzë, diminutive of rrënjë (“root”) in -zë.


prej

From Proto-Albanian *prei, from Proto-Indo-European *prō (“forward, in front of, before”), close to Greek πρωΐ (proḯ, “early, in the morning”), and Old High German fruoi (“id”).


brenda

From Proto-Albanian *(en) per en ta, from Proto-Indo-European *én per én tód, a sequence of particles.


ndë

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dó (“inside”). Cognate with Greek ἔνδον (éndon, “within”), Hittite 𒀭𒁕 (/anda/, “in”).


mby

Gheg variant of Tosk and Standard Albanian mbi. See mbi for more.


përmby

Gheg variant of Tosk and Standard Albanian përmbi. Compound për (“for, per”) + mby (“on, onto, upon”). See mbi for more.


përmy

Loss of /b/ sound in mby (Gheg alternative of Tosk "mbi"). "Përmy" is the Gheg variant of Tosk and Standard Albanian përmbi. Compound për (“for, per”) + my (“on, onto, upon”). See mbi for more.


përmbas

përmbas meje


karshi

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قارشو (karşı, karşu, “opposite”), from Proto-Turkic *kar-.

bor+

indefinite dative/ablative singular and definite nominative plural of karsh


përballë

From për- (prepositional prefix) + ballë (“front, forehead”).

af

(figurative) facing, countering something


përballë

(figurative) facing or overcoming an obstacle, resistance to difficulty