šiprum

akk-noun

šiprum m (construct state šipir, plural šiprū)

šipir (construct)
šiprū (plural)
šipru (alternative)

→ Aramaic: סִפְרָא (sip̄rā), ܣܶܦܪܳܐ (sep̄rā, “book, scroll”)

→ Arabic: سِفْر (sifr, “book”)

desc

→ Biblical Hebrew: סֵפֶר (sép̄ɛr, “letter; document, book, scroll”)

→ Israeli Hebrew: ספר (séfer, “book”)

→ Ugaritic: 𐎒𐎔𐎗 (spr, “tablet; writing; letter”)

Verbal noun of 𒊭𒉺𒀸 (šapārum, “to send to”). The sense development is akin to Classical Greek ἐπιστολή (epistolḗ, “message, letter”) from ἐπῐστέλλειν (epĭstéllein, “to send to”).


šaprum

akk-noun

šaprum m (plural šaprūtum m or šaprātum f)

šaprūtum (masculine plural)
šaprātum (feminine plural)
šapru (alternative)

Nominalised participle of 𒊭𒉺𒀸 (šapārum, “to send”). Compare Arabic سَفِير (safīr, “envoy, ambassador”).

cog

(Neo-Assyrian) variation of 𒊭𒁀𒅈𒌈 (šapartum, “pledge”)


šaprum

akk-noun

šaprum m (construct state šapar, plural šaprū)

šapar (construct)
šaprū (plural)
šapru (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *ṯapr- (“vulva”). Cognate with Arabic ثَفْر (ṯafr).

thigh (contextually often applied to female genitals)


šapāṭum

akk-verb

šapāṭum (G, i, durative išappiṭ, perfect ištapiṭ, preterite išpiṭ, imperative šipiṭ)

išappiṭ (durative)
ištapiṭ (perfect)
išpiṭ (preterite)
šipiṭ (imperative)
šapāṭu (alternative)
šapātum (alternative)
šapātu (alternative)
šabātu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *ṯapāṭ- (“to pass judgment”). Cognate with Biblical Hebrew שָׁפַט (šɔp̄áṭ, “to judge”).


ramākum

akk-verb

ramākum (G, u, durative irammuk, perfect irtamuk, preterite irmuk, imperative rumuk)

irammuk (durative)
irtamuk (perfect)
irmuk (preterite)
rumuk (imperative)
ramākum (infinitive)
rāmikum (participle)
ramkum (adjective)
arammuk (durative first-person singular)
artamuk (first-person perfect singular)
armuk (first-person preterite singular)
lurmuk (first-person imperative singular)
tarammuk (durative masculine second-person singular)
tartamuk (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tarmuk (masculine preterite second-person singular)
rumuk (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tarammukī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tartamkī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tarmukī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
rumkī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
irammuk (durative singular third-person)
irtamuk (perfect singular third-person)
irmuk (preterite singular third-person)
lirmuk (imperative singular third-person)
nirammuk (durative first-person plural)
nirtamuk (first-person perfect plural)
nirmuk (first-person plural preterite)
i nirmuk (first-person imperative plural)
tarammukā (durative plural second-person)
tartamkā (perfect plural second-person)
tarmukā (plural preterite second-person)
rumkā (imperative plural second-person)
irammukū (durative masculine plural third-person)
irtamkū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
irmukū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lirmukū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
irammukā (durative feminine plural third-person)
irtamkā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
irmukā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lirmukā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
ramāku (alternative)


salīmum

salīmu (alternative)
silīmu (alternative)
šalmu (alternative)

Verbal noun of 𒁲 (salāmum). Compare Arabic سِلْم (silm) / سَلْم (salm, “peace”) and Biblical Hebrew שֶׁלֶם (šɛ́lɛm, “peace treaty”), שָׁלוֹם (šɔlóm, “peace”).

cog

𒊓𒅆 𒆧𒃻𒋾

𒈪𒅎𒈠𒀀 𒊓𒇷𒈠𒄠 𒉌𒅁𒁉𒂊𒌍


salāmum

akk-verb

salāmum (G, i, durative isallim, perfect istallim, preterite islim, imperative silim)

isallim (durative)
istallim (perfect)
islim (preterite)
silim (imperative)
salāmu (alternative)
selēmu (alternative)

Cognate with Arabic سَلِمَ (salima, “to be free”) and Biblical Hebrew שָׁלַם (šɔlám, “to be in covenant of peace”).

cog

to make peace, become reconciled, be at peace


zibānītum

tlb

(Middle Babylonian, Standard Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian)

zibānītu (alternative)
zibānû (alternative)

From Sumerian 𒍣𒁀𒈾 (zi-ba-na), the name of a part or a mechanism typical of this kind of scales, that distinguishes them from the 𒄑𒂟 (gišrinnum, “scale”).

a type of scale or balance (literally: "provided with a zabana")


suqtum

(Old Babylonian, Standard Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian)

suqat (pronominal-state)
suqtu (alternative)
zuqtu (alternative)


râmum

râm (construct)
râmu (alternative)
ra'āmu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *r-ʔ-m. Cognate with Arabic رَئِمَ (raʔima, “to love”).

𒈬𒊒𒊻 𒊏𒀀𒈪𒅎

𒊏𒀀𒄠 𒈬𒌨𒁕𒈪𒅎

𒍮𒌝𒈠𒀀𒆪 𒊏𒄠𒅗

nominalization of râmum (“to love”): love, love-making


râmum

akk-verb

râmum (G, a, durative irâm, perfect irtām, preterite irām, imperative rām)

irâm (durative)
irtām (perfect)
irām (preterite)
rām (imperative)
râmu (alternative)
ra'āmum (alternative)
ra'āmu (alternative)

𒈠𒀭𒉡𒌝 𒊭 𒆠𒈠 𒅀𒀀𒋾 𒄿𒊏𒈬𒅗


šurānum

desc

→ Aramaic: שׁוּנָּרָא

→ Aramaic: שׁוּנָּרָא / ܫܘܢܪܐ (šunnārā), ܫܘܪܢܐ (šūrānā), ܣܢܘܪܐ (sannūrā)

→ Arabic: سُنَّار (sunnār), سِنَّوْر (sinnawr)

→ Hebrew: שׁוּנָר m (shunár, “wild cat”)


nakkaptum

akk-noun

nakkaptum f (dual nakkaptān, plural nakkapātum)

nakkaptān (dual)
nakkapātum (plural)
nakkaptu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *nakap-at- (“temple, cheek-bone”). Cognate with Arabic نَكَفَة (nakafa).


kēna

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew כֵּן (so, thus; yes).


wālidum

akk-adj

wālidum (feminine wālittum, masculine plural wālidūtum, feminine plural wālidātum)

wālittum (feminine)
wālidūtum (masculine plural)
wālidātum (feminine plural)
wālidu (alternative)
ālidum (alternative)
ālidu (alternative)

Participle of 𒉿𒆷𒁺𒌝 (walādum). Cognate with Arabic وَالِد (wālid) and Biblical Hebrew יֹלֵד (yoléḏ, “he who begets”).

cog

𒁹 𒄩𒄠𒈬𒊏𒁉𒈪 𒁁𒈝 𒊭 𒆠𒈠 𒀀𒁉𒅎 𒉿𒇷𒁲𒅎 𒀀𒈾 𒉌𒅆 𒄿𒁀𒀸𒋗𒌑

1755–1750 BCE, King Hammurabi of Babylon, translated by CDLI, Hammurabi Code, The Louvre, Epilogue, lines 20-24:

Ḫammurabi, the lord who is like a real father to the people (...)

ᵐḫa-am-mu-ra-pi₂-mi be-lum ša ki-ma a-bi-im wa-li-di-im a-na ni-ši i-ba-aš-šu-u₂

begetter, birth giving, (mother) who bore, real (father/mother), progenitor/progenitress


ṭābātum

𒀠𒍑𒊓 𒇻𒁉𒅗 𒅇 𒁕𒁀𒁴 𒄭𒋳𒀀 (...) 𒀠𒍑𒊓 𒅇 𒁕𒁀𒌈 𒄴𒄩𒀜𒋾𒈠 𒈪𒈾𒄠 𒉌𒅅𒅗𒀠

AL.US₂.SA lu-bi-ka u₃ ṭa-ba-tim ḫi-ta₃-a (...) AL.US₂.SA u₃ ṭa-ba-tum iḫ-ḫa-aṭ-ṭi₃-ma mi-na-am ni-ik-ka-al

Keep the garum moist and keep an eye on the vinegar, if the garum and vinegar are allowed to spoil, what will we eat?


karānum

karānu (alternative)
kirānum (alternative)
kirānu (alternative)

Possibly from Proto-Semitic *karm- (“vineyard”), with irregular mutation from /m/ to /n/. Compare Arabic كَرْم (karm) and Biblical Hebrew כֶּרֶם (kɛ́rɛm).


ḫūdum

From 𒄾 (ḫadûm, “to be happy, rejoice”). Compare Biblical Hebrew חֶדְוָה (ḥɛḏwɔ́, “joy”).

𒄷𒌓 𒊮

𒄿𒈾 𒄷𒌓 𒊮𒋗𒉡


ḫadûm

akk-verb

ḫadûm (G, u, durative iḫaddu, perfect iḫtadu, preterite iḫdu, imperative uḫdu)

iḫaddu (durative)
iḫtadu (perfect)
iḫdu (preterite)
uḫdu (imperative)
ḫadû (alternative)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew חָדָה (ḥɔḏɔ́, “to rejoice, be glad”).

cog

𒀀𒈾 𒂍𒃲 𒄿𒈾 𒀀𒆷𒆠𒋗 𒀀𒉿𒈝 𒄿𒄩𒀜𒁺

a-na E₂.GAL i-na a-la-ki-šu a-wi-lum i-ḫa-ad-du

He will be happy when he goes to the palace.

𒋳𒈠 𒇻𒆪𒁮 𒂵𒀀𒋾 𒄿𒍝𒁀𒀜 𒇷𒅁𒁀𒅗 𒅇 𒇷𒅁𒁉 𒄿𒄩𒁺

šum-ma lu-qu₂-tam₂ qa₂-a-ti i-ṣa-ba-at li-ib-ba-ka u₃ li-ib-bi i-ḫa-du

If I can seize the merchandise, you and I will be pleased

𒀀𒉡𒌝𒈠 𒁹𒁁𒉌𒈬𒁲 𒁺𒃮 𒀸𒋰𒊏𒀝𒄣 𒄷𒁺𒌑𒋳

a-nu-um-ma ᵐbe-li₂-mu-de RA₂.GABA aš-tap-ra-ak-kum ḫu-du-u₂-šum

Now I have sent the messenger Bēlī-mūdê to you, be well disposed toward him!

to be well disposed toward, to welcome someone

𒋳𒈠 𒄩𒁲𒀀𒋫


šasûm

akk-verb

šasûm (G, i, durative išassi, perfect ištassi, preterite išsi, imperative šisi)

išassi (durative)
ištassi (perfect)
išsi (preterite)
šisi (imperative)
šasû (alternative)
šasā'um (alternative)
sasā'u (alternative)

𒆠𒈠 𒆷𒇷𒄿𒅎 𒄿𒈾 𒈠𒀀𒀀𒇷𒊭 𒄿𒊭𒊍𒍣

ki-ma la-li-i-im i-na ma-a-a-li-ša i-ša-as-si₂

to call, summon, invoke, invite, appeal to, demand, call for

to call by a name, declare, name, name a price


luppum

luppātum (feminine plural)
luppū (masculine plural)
luppu (alternative)

From Sumerian 𒋢𒇻𒂠 (^(kuš)lu-ub₂ /lub/, “bag”).


rigmum

akk-noun

rigmum m or f (construct state rigim, plural rigmātum f)

rigim (construct)
rigmātum (feminine plural)
rigmu (alternative)

Cognate with Ugaritic 𐎗𐎂𐎎 (rgm, “tale”). Perhaps also Arabic رَجْم (rajm, “(stone) throwing; insults hurling”) and Biblical Hebrew רִגְמָה (riḡmɔ́, hapax legomenon of uncertain meaning, interpreted by some scholars as meaning "shouting crowd"). Compare also Mishnaic Hebrew רֶגֶן (rɛ́ḡɛn, “murmuring, complaint”).


ṭepûm

akk-verb

ṭepûm (G, i, durative iṭeppi, perfect iṭṭepi, preterite iṭpi, imperative ṭipi)

iṭeppi (durative)
iṭṭepi (perfect)
iṭpi (preterite)
ṭipi (imperative)
ṭepû (alternative)
ṭapā'um (alternative)
ṭapû (alternative)

𒈫 𒀉𒋾 𒐋 𒋰𒈠

𒐍 𒀀𒈾 𒌋𒅗 𒐍 𒋰𒈠 𒌋𒐋


ûm

û (alternative)
še'um (alternative)
še'u (alternative)

Compare perhaps Arabic حَيّ (ḥayy, “alive”), Biblical Hebrew חַי (ḥay, “alive”) and Soqotri حي (ḥay, “abundance of green fodder”). See also 𒊺 (še'um).


še'um

še'u (alternative)
ûm (alternative)
û (alternative)

From Sumerian 𒊺 (še, “barley, grain”), but see also 𒊺 (ûm).


sāmum

akk-adj

sāmum (feminine sāmtum, masculine plural sāmūtum, feminine plural sāmātum, predicative sām)

sāmtum (feminine)
sāmūtum (masculine plural)
sāmātum (feminine plural)
sām (predicative)
sāmu (alternative)
sa'mu (alternative)
sīmum (alternative)
sandu (alternative)

From siāmum (siāmum, “to be red, brown”).

𒌨𒂠 𒊓𒈬𒌝

𒉿𒈩 𒊕𒁺𒋙 𒊓𒆳


qinnum

akk-noun

qinnum m or f (plural qinnū or qinnātum f)

qinnū (plural)
qinnātum (feminine plural)
qinnu (alternative)

Resultative to qanûm (“to keep, to acquire etc”). Compare with Arabic قُنّ (qunn) and Biblical Hebrew קֵן (qen).

(figurative, feminine) family, clan, kinsman


gamālum

akk-verb

gamālum (G, i, durative igammil, perfect igtamil, preterite igmil, imperative gimil)

igammil (durative)
igtamil (perfect)
igmil (preterite)
gimil (imperative)
gamālum (infinitive)
gāmilum (participle)
gamlum (adjective)
agammil (durative first-person singular)
agtamil (first-person perfect singular)
agmil (first-person preterite singular)
lugmil (first-person imperative singular)
tagammil (durative masculine second-person singular)
tagtamil (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tagmil (masculine preterite second-person singular)
gimil (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tagammilī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tagtamlī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tagmilī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
gimlī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
igammil (durative singular third-person)
igtamil (perfect singular third-person)
igmil (preterite singular third-person)
ligmil (imperative singular third-person)
nigammil (durative first-person plural)
nigtamil (first-person perfect plural)
nigmil (first-person plural preterite)
i nigmil (first-person imperative plural)
tagammilā (durative plural second-person)
tagtamlā (perfect plural second-person)
tagmilā (plural preterite second-person)
gimlā (imperative plural second-person)
igammilū (durative masculine plural third-person)
igtamlū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
igmilū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
ligmilū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
igammilā (durative feminine plural third-person)
igtamlā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
igmilā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
ligmilā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
gamālu (alternative)

𒄀𒅎𒆷𒀭𒉌

to do a favour, be obliging, perform a kind act, act so as to please


warqum

akk-adj

warqum (feminine waruqtum, masculine plural warqūtum, feminine plural warqātum, predicative waruq)

waruqtum (feminine)
warqūtum (masculine plural)
warqātum (feminine plural)
waruq (predicative)
warqu (alternative)
urqum (alternative)
erqum (alternative)
urqu (alternative)
erqu (alternative)

yellow, green


le'ûm

akk-verb

le'ûm (G, i, durative ilei, perfect ilte'i, preterite ilē, imperative li'i)

ilei (durative)
ilte'i (perfect)
ilē (preterite)
li'i (imperative)
le'û (alternative)
le'ā'um (alternative)
la'ā'u (alternative)

to be able, master, be an expert, understand

to win, overpower someone, be more powerful


iškum

akk-noun

iškum f (construct state iški, plural iškū)

iški (construct)
iškū (plural)
išku (alternative)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew אֶשֶׁךְ (ʔɛ́šɛḵ) and Ugaritic 𐎜𐎌𐎋 (ủšk).


peṣûm

akk-adj

peṣûm (feminine peṣītum, masculine plural peṣûtum, feminine plural peṣiātum, predicative peṣi)

peṣītum (feminine)
peṣûtum (masculine plural)
peṣiātum (feminine plural)
peṣi (predicative)
peṣû (alternative)
paṣ'um (alternative)
paṣûm (alternative)
paṣû (alternative)
paṣium (alternative)
paṣiu (alternative)

Maybe related to Proto-Semitic *p-ṣ-ḥ (“to be bright”).


narūqum

narūqātum (plural)
narūqu (alternative)
naruqqu (alternative)

a business partnership
the capital of such a partnership


tumrum

tlb

(Old Babylonian, Standard Babylonian, Middle Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian)

tumrū (plural)
tumru (alternative)
tūru (alternative)

cinder, ashes, ember, (glowing) charcoal


ramānum

ramānātum (feminine plural)
ramānu (alternative)
ramunum (alternative)
ramunu (alternative)
ramannu (alternative)
remānu (alternative)
ramnu (alternative)

𒊏𒈠𒀭𒅗 𒌑𒍪𒌨 𒋗𒇻𒌝𒅗 𒋢𒌒𒊏𒄠

ra-ma-an-ka ú-ṣú-ur šu-lu-um-ka šu-up-ra-am

Take care of yourself and write me about your health.


madādum

akk-verb

madādum (G, a-u, durative imaddad, perfect imtadad, preterite imdud, imperative mudud)

imaddad (durative)
imtadad (perfect)
imdud (preterite)
mudud (imperative)
madādum (infinitive)
mādidum (participle)
maddum (adjective)
amaddad (durative first-person singular)
amtadad (first-person perfect singular)
amdud (first-person preterite singular)
lumdud (first-person imperative singular)
tamaddad (durative masculine second-person singular)
tamtadad (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tamdud (masculine preterite second-person singular)
mudud (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tamaddadī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tamtaddī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tamdudī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
muddī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
imaddad (durative singular third-person)
imtadad (perfect singular third-person)
imdud (preterite singular third-person)
limdud (imperative singular third-person)
nimaddad (durative first-person plural)
nimtadad (first-person perfect plural)
nimdud (first-person plural preterite)
i nimdud (first-person imperative plural)
tamaddadā (durative plural second-person)
tamtaddā (perfect plural second-person)
tamdudā (plural preterite second-person)
muddā (imperative plural second-person)
imaddadū (durative masculine plural third-person)
imtaddū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
imdudū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
limdudū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
imaddadā (durative feminine plural third-person)
imtaddā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
imdudā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
limdudā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
madādu (alternative)

Cognate with Arabic مَدَّ (madda) and Biblical Hebrew מָדַד (mɔḏáḏ).


kītum

tlb

(Old Assyrian, Middle Babylonian, Standard Babylonian)


qerītum

(Old Babylonian, Standard Babylonian, Middle Assyrian, Neo-Assyrian)

qeriātum (plural)
qerītu (alternative)
qarītu (alternative)


𒁹𒄥𒁲𒄿

ᵐgur-di-i (romanization)
Gurdî (romanization)
𒁹𒑲𒁲𒄿 (alternative)

From Phrygian [script needed] (*Gordiyas). Doublet of 𒁹𒆳𒋾𒄿 (Kurtî) and cognate of Luwian 𔗜𔖱𔑣𔓱𔗔 (Kurdiyas).


tarbāṣum

tarbāṣātum (feminine plural)
tarbāṣu (alternative)
tarbaṣum (alternative)
tarbaṣu (alternative)

From 𒈿 (rabāṣum, “to lie down, rest; to keep possession of”). Compare مَرْبِض (marbiḍ) and רֵבֶץ (rébɛṣ, “lair, fold (for animals)”).

pen (for cattle), animal stall, enclosure, courtyard

(extispicy) name of a feature on the liver


Sîn

Nanna, Suen, Nanna-Suen, the Sumerian moon god, son of Enlil and Ninlil.

(especially Standard Babylonian, astronomy) moon

(Old Akkadian, Old Assyrian, Middle Assyrian) the name of a month

Old Assyrian; Middle Assyrian; Old Assyrian; Middle Assyrian


talmīdum

akk-noun

talmīdum m (plural talmīdū or talmīdānu, feminine talmīttu)

tlb

(Old Babylonian, Standard Babylonian, Middle Assyrian, Neo-Assyrian, Mari)

talmīdū (plural)
talmīdānu (plural)
talmīttu (feminine)
talmīdu (alternative)
talmēdum (alternative)
talmēdu (alternative)

→ Biblical Hebrew: תַּלְמִיד (talmíḏ)

→ Arabic: تِلْمِيذ (tilmīḏ)

desc

→ Aramaic: תַּלְמִידָא (talmīḏā)

→ Aramaic: תַּלְמִידָא (talmīḏā)

→ Ge'ez: ተልሚድ (tälmid)

→ Classical Syriac: ܬܠܡܝܕܐ (talmīḏā)


𒅖𒆪𒍝𒀀𒀀

Iškuzaya (romanization)
𒊍𒄖𒍝𒀀𒀀 (alternative)
𒊍𒆪𒍝𒀀𒀀 (alternative)
𒀾𒄖𒍝𒀀𒀀 (alternative)

Borrowed from Proto-Scythian *Skuδa, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd- (“to propel, shoot”). Cognate with Hebrew אשכנז ('Aškᵊnaz) and Ancient Greek Σκύθης (Skúthēs).


𒋤𒀪𒆷𒀀𒀀

Disputed cuneiform transcription of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yiśrɔʔél), in the proper name Ahab of Israel.

bor

Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yiśrɔʔél)


imittam

imitta (alternative)
emittam (alternative)


imittum

imittu (alternative)
emittum (alternative)
emittu (alternative)

the right
(military) right wing (of an army)


mayyālum

tlb

(Babylonian, Middle Assyrian, Neo-Assyrian, Mari, Boghazkeui, Nuzi)

mayyālū (plural)
mayyālu (alternative)
maālu (alternative)


bīt mayyālim

(Old Babylonian, Standard Babylonian, Mari, Middle Assyrian, Neo-Assyrian)


bīt eršim

(Middle Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, Late Babylonian)


uršum

akk-noun

uršum m (construct state uruš, plural uršātum)

tlb

(Old Babylonian, Middle Babylonian, Standard Babylonian, El-Amarna, Ras Shamra)

uruš (construct)
uršātum (plural)
uršu (alternative)


niālum

akk-verb

niālum (G, i, durative inīal, perfect ittīl, preterite inīl, imperative nīl)

inīal (durative)
ittīl (perfect)
inīl (preterite)
nīl (imperative)
niālum (infinitive)
nāilum (participle)
nīlum (adjective)
anīal (durative first-person singular)
attīl (first-person perfect singular)
anīl (first-person preterite singular)
lunīl (first-person imperative singular)
tanīal (durative masculine second-person singular)
tattīl (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tanīl (masculine preterite second-person singular)
nīl (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tanillī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tattīlī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tanīlī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
nīlī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
inīal (durative singular third-person)
ittīl (perfect singular third-person)
inīl (preterite singular third-person)
linīl (imperative singular third-person)
ninīal (durative first-person plural)
nittīl (first-person perfect plural)
ninīl (first-person plural preterite)
i ninīl (first-person imperative plural)
tanillā (durative plural second-person)
tattīlā (perfect plural second-person)
tanīlā (plural preterite second-person)
nīlā (imperative plural second-person)
inillū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ittīlū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
inīlū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
linīlū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
inillā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ittīlā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
inīlā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
linīlā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
niālu (alternative)
nâlum (alternative)
nâlu (alternative)

Compare Biblical Hebrew לָן (lɔn, “to stay overnight”), from the root ל־י־ן, probably denominated from לַיִל (láyil, “night”) with dissimilation of ל to ן.


nisannum

nisan (construct)
nisannu (alternative)
nisānum (alternative)
nisānu (alternative)
nissanum (alternative)
nissanu (alternative)
nisangu (alternative)
nisaggu (alternative)
nisakku (alternative)

desctree

→ Aramaic: נִיסָן (nīsān)
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܢܝܼܣܵܢ (nīsān)
Turoyo: ܢܝܣܷܢ (nisën)
Classical Syriac: ܢܝܣܢ (nīsān)
→ Arabic: نيسان (naysān)
→ Ottoman Turkish: نیسان (nisan)
Turkish: nisan
Northern Kurdish: nîsan
→ Persian: نَیسان (neysân)

→ Biblical Hebrew: נִיסָן (nisɔ́n)

→ Israeli Hebrew: נִיסָן (nisán)

offering of first produce of the season, offering of first fruits

Nisannu (first month of the Babylonian calendar, corresponding to March-April)


𒄣𒌒𒁍

Proto-Semitic *q-f-f- (“to weave, to braid or plait, to be interlocking, to have repetition”)


ḫamāṭum

akk-verb

ḫamāṭum (G, u, durative iḫammuṭ, perfect iḫtamuṭ, preterite iḫmuṭ, imperative ḫumuṭ)

iḫammuṭ (durative)
iḫtamuṭ (perfect)
iḫmuṭ (preterite)
ḫumuṭ (imperative)
ḫamāṭu (alternative)


ḫamāṭum

ḫamāṭum (G, a-u, durative iḫammaṭ, perfect iḫtamaṭ, preterite iḫmuṭ, imperative ḫumuṭ)

iḫammaṭ (durative)
iḫtamaṭ (perfect)
iḫmuṭ (preterite)
ḫumuṭ (imperative)
ḫamāṭu (alternative)


tamšīlum

tlb

(Old Akkadian, Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian)

tamšīlātum (feminine plural)
tamšīlu (alternative)
tanšīlu (alternative)

desc

→ Sumerian: 𒁮𒅆𒈝 (tam₂-ši-lum /tamšilum)/)

From the verb 𒈠𒃻𒈝 (ma-ša₂-lum, “to be(come) equal”). Cognate with Arabic تِمْثَال (timṯāl). Compare also Arabic مِثَال (miṯāl) and and Biblical Hebrew מָשָׁל (mɔšɔ́l).

image, resemblance, counterpart, equivalent, peer

תָּסִיל תסיל#Hebrew

תְּסִילָא תסילא#Aramaic

a type of bird, perhaps a type of wild dove (compare Hebrew תָּסִיל (tɔsíl) and Aramaic תְּסִילָא (təsīlā)).


gišrum

desctree

→ Aramaic: גִּשְׁרָא (gišrā)
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܓܸܫܪܵܐ (gišrā)
Turoyo: ܓܷܫܪܳܐ (gëšro)
→ Arabic: جِسْر (jisr)

→ Classical Syriac: ܓܫܪܐ (gešrā)

desc

→ Hebrew: גֶּשֶׁר (gɛ́šɛr)

→ Hebrew: גֶּשֶׁר (gɛ́šɛr)

wooden bar, log
part of a lock to close a door


napṭum

→ Aramaic: נִיפְטָא (nip̄ṭā)

Classical Syriac: ܢܷܦܛܳܐ (nep̄ṭā), ܢܱܦܛܳܐ (nap̄ṭā)

→ Arabic: نَفْط (nafṭ) (see there for further descendants)

→ Hebrew: נֵפְט (nep̄ṭ)

→ Old Persian: *naftah (see there for further descendants)

→ Ancient Greek: νάφθα (náphtha, “naphtha”) (see there for further descendants)

→ Latin: naphtha (see there for further descendants)


uṣurtum

uṣurātum (plural)
uṣurtu (alternative)
ṣurtu (alternative)
iṣurtum (alternative)
iṣurtu (alternative)
eṣurtu (alternative)

From 𒄯 (eṣērum, “to draw, design”). Compare with Arabic صُورَة (ṣūra) and Biblical Hebrew צוּרָה (ṣurɔ́).

line drawing, plan, building plan, layout, patterns, lines, picture, engraving, relief

(transferred sense, usually in the plural) devine designs, plans, ordinances


qunnabu

Unknown, but see more at κάνναβις (kánnabis).

an aromatic (possibly the seeds or flowers of hemp)


ištu pê adi ḫurāṣim

𒁍𒋗𒌑𒊭 𒉿𒅈𒅗𒍝 𒅖𒌅 𒁉𒂊 𒀀𒁲 𒆬𒄀

bu-šu-u₂-ša wa-ar-ka-sa₃ iš-tu pe₂-e a-di KUG.GI

All her possession, what she leaves behind.


uššum

uššū (plural)
uššētum (feminine plural)
uššu (alternative)


ubānum

ubānātum (plural)
ubānu (alternative)
upānu (alternative)


ayyikīam

ayyikâ (alternative)
ēkâ (alternative)
ēkâma (alternative)
ēkiam (alternative Babylonian Standard)
ayyakam (alternative)
ayyaka (alternative)
ayyak (alternative)
yaka (alternative)

From 𒀀𒀀𒌑𒌝 (ayyum, “which”) + 𒆠𒀀𒄠 (kiam, “thus, in this manner”).


gerginakku

Likely from Sumerian 𒄊𒁺𒈾 (g̃iri₃-g̃en-na /g̃irig̃ena/, “sequence, series [of tablets]”).


mīšarum

mīšaru (alternative)
mēšarum (alternative)
mēšaru (alternative)
mēšerum (alternative)
mēšeru (alternative)
mīšarrum (alternative)
mīšarru (alternative)

From 𒋛𒁲 (ešērum). Compare Arabic مَيْسَرَة (maysara, “wealth, well-being”) and Biblical Hebrew מִישׁוֹר (mišór, “righteousness, honesty”).

cog

𒈪𒊭𒊏𒄠 𒊭𒅗𒉡𒌝

𒈗 𒈪𒊭𒊏𒄠 𒀀𒈾 𒈠𒁴 𒅖𒆪𒌦


Gilgāmeš

→ Ancient Greek: Γίλγαμος (Gílgamos)

→ English: Gilgamesh

𒀭𒄑𒂆𒈦 𒌌𒌅 𒌓𒌝 𒀪𒀠𒁺 𒈾𒁍 𒋳𒋙 𒋃𒁷𒋙 𒀭𒈠 𒂄𒈜𒋫𒋙 𒀀𒈨𒇻𒌅

Gilgameš was his name from the day he was born, two-thirds of him god but one-third of him human.

ᵈGIŠ.GIN₂.MAŠ ul-tu u₄-um i'-al-du na-bu šum-šu₂ šit-tin-šu₂ DINGIR-ma šul-lul-ta-šu₂ a-me-lu-tu

Gilgamesh (a Sumerian king of early dynastic Uruk, later made an epic hero)


ešērum

akk-verb

ešērum (G, i, durative iššir, perfect ītešir, preterite īšir, imperative ešir)

iššir (durative)
ītešir (perfect)
īšir (preterite)
ešir (imperative)
ešēru (alternative)
išārum (alternative)
ešārum (alternative)
išāru (alternative)
ešāru (alternative)

Cognate with Arabic يَسِرَ (yasira, “to be(come) simple, easy”) and Biblical Hebrew יָשַׁר (yɔšár, “to be straight, right, healty”).

cog

to go well, be(come) well, successful, healthy, favourable, to straighten up, to prosper, to be(come) straight, fair, right, normal, to go straight toward, charge (an enemy)


ṣibtum

akk-noun

ṣibtum f (construct state ṣibat, plural ṣibātum)

ṣibat (construct)
ṣibātum (plural)
ṣibtu (alternative)


-ūtum

From Proto-Semitic *-at- (abstract/collective-forming suffix), from Proto-Afroasiatic *-t, *-Vt (feminine suffix). Cognate with Arabic ـَة (-a, suffix to form abstract nouns from nisba adjectives) and Biblical Hebrew ־וּת (-út).


rē'ûtum

rē'ûtu (alternative)
rēyûtu (alternative)


gubārum

gubārū (plural)
gubāru (alternative)
kubārum (alternative)
kubāru (alternative)

Compare 𒅗𒁀𒀸 (kabārum, “to be(come) thick, solid”).


tarāṣum

akk-verb

tarāṣum (G, u, durative itarruṣ, perfect ittaruṣ, preterite itruṣ, imperative turuṣ)

itarruṣ (durative)
ittaruṣ (perfect)
itruṣ (preterite)
turuṣ (imperative)
tarāṣu (alternative)

to be(come) pleasing, just, right, to be(come) honest, proper, to be(come) correct, fitting


leqûm

leqûm (G, e, durative ileqqe, perfect ilteqe, preterite ilqe, imperative leqe)

ileqqe (durative)
ilteqe (perfect)
ilqe (preterite)
leqe (imperative)
leqû (alternative)
laqûm (alternative)
laqû (alternative)
laqā'um (alternative)
laqā'u (alternative)
laqāḫu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *laqāḥ- (“to take”). Cognate with Biblical Hebrew לָקַח (lɔqáḥ).


kīam

kīa (alternative)
kêm (alternative)
kâm (alternative)
kâ (alternative)

𒅆𒄿 𒇻 𒆠𒀀𒄠