marûm

akk-adjective

marûm (feminine marītum, predicative mari)

marītum (feminine)
mari (predicative)
marû (alternative)
mar'um (alternative)
mar'u (alternative)

From the verb 𒈠𒊒𒌑𒌝 (marûm, “to fatten”).

(Standard Babylonian, grammar) marû ("slow (pronunciation)", used in the description of Sumerian verbs to refer to the imperfective form)


ḫamṭu

From the verb 𒄩𒈠𒌅𒌝 (ḫamāṭum, “to be quick”).

(Middle Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian) quick, swift, sudden

(Standard Babylonian, grammar) ḫamṭu ("quick (pronunciation)", used in the description of Sumerian verbs to refer to the perfective form)


šiqdum

šiqdu (alternative)
siqdu (alternative)
šuqdu (alternative)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew שָׁקֵד (šɔqeḏ, “almond”).

cog

𒅇 𒅆𒅅𒁕𒄠 𒋗𒁉𒇴


petûm

akk-verb

petûm (G, e, durative ipette, perfect iptete, preterite ipte, imperative pete)

ipette (durative)
iptete (perfect)
ipte (preterite)
pete (imperative)
petûm (infinitive)
pētûm (participle)
petûm (adjective)
epette (durative first-person singular)
eptete (first-person perfect singular)
epte (first-person preterite singular)
lupte (first-person imperative singular)
tepette (durative masculine second-person singular)
teptete (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tepte (masculine preterite second-person singular)
pete (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tepettî (durative feminine second-person singular)
teptetî (feminine perfect second-person singular)
teptî (feminine preterite second-person singular)
petî (feminine imperative second-person singular)
ipette (durative singular third-person)
iptete (perfect singular third-person)
ipte (preterite singular third-person)
lipte (imperative singular third-person)
nipette (durative first-person plural)
niptete (first-person perfect plural)
nipte (first-person plural preterite)
i nipte (first-person imperative plural)
tepetteā (durative plural second-person)
tepteteā (perfect plural second-person)
tepteā (plural preterite second-person)
peteā (imperative plural second-person)
ipettû (durative masculine plural third-person)
iptetû (masculine perfect plural third-person)
iptû (masculine plural preterite third-person)
liptû (imperative masculine plural third-person)
ipetteā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ipteteā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
ipteā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lipteā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
petû (alternative)
patû (alternative)
patā'um (alternative)

Cognate with Arabic فَتَحَ (fataḥa, “to open”) and Biblical Hebrew פָּתַח (pɔṯaḥ, “to open”).


petûm

akk-adj

petûm (feminine petītum, predicative peti)

petītum (feminine)
peti (predicative)
petû (alternative)
patûm (alternative)
patû (alternative)
patium (alternative)
pat'um (alternative)

verbal adjective of 𒉿𒌅𒌑𒌝 (petûm):
remote, far-off


kabattum

kabattu (alternative)
kabtatum (alternative poetic)
kabtatu (alternative poetic)
kabittu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *kabid- (“liver”). Cognate with Arabic كَبِد (kabid) and Biblical Hebrew כָּבֵד (kɔḇéḏ).

(transferred sense) mood, temper, humour, mind, intention (used in parallelism with 𒊮 (libbum))


banûm

akk-verb

banûm (G, i, durative ibanni, perfect ibtani, preterite ibni, imperative bini)

ibanni (durative)
ibtani (perfect)
ibni (preterite)
bini (imperative)
banûm (infinitive)
bānûm (participle)
banûm (adjective)
abanni (durative first-person singular)
abtani (first-person perfect singular)
abni (first-person preterite singular)
lubni (first-person imperative singular)
tabanni (durative masculine second-person singular)
tabtani (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tabni (masculine preterite second-person singular)
bini (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tabannî (durative feminine second-person singular)
tabtanî (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tabnî (feminine preterite second-person singular)
binî (feminine imperative second-person singular)
ibanni (durative singular third-person)
ibtani (perfect singular third-person)
ibni (preterite singular third-person)
libni (imperative singular third-person)
nibanni (durative first-person plural)
nibtani (first-person perfect plural)
nibni (first-person plural preterite)
i nibni (first-person imperative plural)
tabanniā (durative plural second-person)
tabtaniā (perfect plural second-person)
tabniā (plural preterite second-person)
biniā (imperative plural second-person)
ibannû (durative masculine plural third-person)
ibtanû (masculine perfect plural third-person)
ibnû (masculine plural preterite third-person)
libnû (imperative masculine plural third-person)
ibanniā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ibtaniā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
ibniā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
libniā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
banû (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *banay- (“to build”). Cognate with Arabic بَنَى (banā) and Biblical Hebrew בָּנָה (bɔnɔ́).

to build, construct, form, make, manufacture


ṣalālum

ṣalālum (G, a, durative iṣallal, perfect iṣtalal, preterite iṣlal, imperative ṣilal)

iṣallal (durative)
iṣtalal (perfect)
iṣlal (preterite)
ṣilal (imperative)
ṣalālum (infinitive)
ṣālilum (participle)
ṣallum (adjective)
aṣallal (durative first-person singular)
aṣṣalal (first-person perfect singular)
aṣlal (first-person preterite singular)
luṣlal (first-person imperative singular)
taṣallal (durative masculine second-person singular)
taṣṣalal (masculine perfect second-person singular)
taṣlal (masculine preterite second-person singular)
ṣalal (imperative masculine second-person singular)
taṣallalī (durative feminine second-person singular)
taṣṣallī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
taṣlalī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
ṣallī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
iṣallal (durative singular third-person)
iṣṣalal (perfect singular third-person)
iṣlal (preterite singular third-person)
liṣlal (imperative singular third-person)
niṣallal (durative first-person plural)
niṣṣalal (first-person perfect plural)
niṣlal (first-person plural preterite)
i niṣlal (first-person imperative plural)
taṣallalā (durative plural second-person)
taṣṣallā (perfect plural second-person)
taṣlalā (plural preterite second-person)
ṣallā (imperative plural second-person)
iṣallalū (durative masculine plural third-person)
iṣṣallū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
iṣlalū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
liṣlalū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
iṣallalā (durative feminine plural third-person)
iṣṣallā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
iṣlalā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
liṣlalā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
ṣalālu (alternative)

to lie down, sleep, be at rest, be still, be peaceful, lie still

(transferred sense) to lie with (sexually)


ašrum

akk-noun

ašrum m or f (construct state ašar, plural ašrū m or ašrātum f)

ašar (construct)
ašrū (masculine plural)
ašrātum (feminine plural)
ašru (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔaṯar- (“footstep, trace”). Cognate with Arabic أَثَر (ʔaṯar, “trace, sign”) and Biblical Hebrew אֲשֶׁר (ʔăšɛ́r, a relativizer), אֲתָר (ʔăṯɔ́r, “site, location”).

cog

𒀀𒊬 𒀭𒌑𒅆

𒀀𒊭𒅈 𒅖𒋼𒂗


eršum

akk-noun

eršum f (construct state ereš, plural eršētum)

ereš (construct)
eršētum (plural)
eršu (alternative)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew עֶרֶשׂ (ʕɛ́rɛś, “couch, bed”) and with a secondary meaning derived from that of "bedfellow" the Arabic عِرْس (ʕirs, “husband, whife”).


errēšum

errēšū (plural)
errēšu (alternative)
arrāšum (alternative)

From the verb 𒂊𒊑𒋳 (erēšum, “to sow, cultivate”).


mūtum

mūt (construct)
mūti (construct)
mūtu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *mawt- (“death”). Cognate with Arabic مَوْت (mawt) and Biblical Hebrew מָוֶת (mɔ́weṯ).


mâtum

akk-verb

mâtum (G, a-u, durative imât, perfect imtūt, preterite imūt, imperative mūt)

imât (durative)
imtūt (perfect)
imūt (preterite)
mūt (imperative)
mâtum (infinitive)
māitum (participle)
mītum (adjective)
amât (durative first-person singular)
amtūt (first-person perfect singular)
amūt (first-person preterite singular)
lumūt (first-person imperative singular)
tamât (durative masculine second-person singular)
tamtūt (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tamūt (masculine preterite second-person singular)
mūt (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tamuttī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tamtūtī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tamūtī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
mūtī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
imât (durative singular third-person)
imtūt (perfect singular third-person)
imūt (preterite singular third-person)
limūt (imperative singular third-person)
nimât (durative first-person plural)
nimtūt (first-person perfect plural)
nimūt (first-person plural preterite)
i nimūt (first-person imperative plural)
tamuttā (durative plural second-person)
tamtūtā (perfect plural second-person)
tamūtā (plural preterite second-person)
mūtā (imperative plural second-person)
imuttū (durative masculine plural third-person)
imtūtū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
imūtū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
limūtū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
imuttā (durative feminine plural third-person)
imtūtā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
imūtā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
limūtā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
mâtu (alternative)
muātum (alternative)
muātu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *mawut- (“to die”). Cognate with Arabic مَاتَ (māta) and Biblical Hebrew מֵת (meṯ).


mītum

akk-adjective

mītum (feminine mīttum, masculine plural mītūtum, feminine plural mītātum, predicative mīt)

mīttum (feminine)
mītūtum (masculine plural)
mītātum (feminine plural)
mīt (predicative)
mīttu (alternative)
mētum (alternative)
mētu (alternative)

Cognate with Arabic مَيِّت (mayyit) and Biblical Hebrew מֵת (méṯ).


ziqnum

From Proto-Semitic *ḏaḳan- (“beard”). Cognate with Arabic ذَقَن (ḏaqan), ذِقْن (ḏiqn, “chin”) and Biblical Hebrew זָקָן (zɔqɔn, “beard”).


pagrum

akk-noun

pagrum m (construct state pagar, plural pagrū)

pagar (construct)
pagrū (plural)
pagru (alternative)
paggar (alternative)
pagrānu (alternative)

Compare Classical Syriac ܦܲܓܪܵܐ (paḡrā), Biblical Hebrew פֶּגֶר (pɛ́ḡɛr) and Classical Mandaic ࡐࡀࡂࡓࡀ (pāġrā).

self, person (often used as a reflexive pronoun)


ḫīṭum

ḫīṭum m (construct state ḫīt or ḫīti, plural ḫīṭū)

ḫīt (construct)
ḫīti (construct)
ḫīṭū (plural)
ḫīṭu (alternative)
ḫiṭṭu (alternative)
ḫīṭāni (alternative)

Cognate with Arabic خِطْء (ḵiṭʔ, “sin”) and Biblical Hebrew חֵטְא (ḥeṭʾ, “sin”).


zarāqum

akk-verb

zarāqum (G, i, durative izarriq, perfect izzariq, preterite izriq, imperative ziriq)

tlb

(Old Babylonian, Standard Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian)

izarriq (durative)
izzariq (perfect)
izriq (preterite)
ziriq (imperative)
zarāqum (infinitive)
zāriqum (participle)
zarqum (adjective)
azarriq (durative first-person singular)
azzariq (first-person perfect singular)
azriq (first-person preterite singular)
luzriq (first-person imperative singular)
tazarriq (durative masculine second-person singular)
tazzariq (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tazriq (masculine preterite second-person singular)
ziriq (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tazarriqī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tazzarqī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tazriqī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
zirqī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
izarriq (durative singular third-person)
izzariq (perfect singular third-person)
izriq (preterite singular third-person)
lizriq (imperative singular third-person)
nizarriq (durative first-person plural)
nizzariq (first-person perfect plural)
nizriq (first-person plural preterite)
i nizriq (first-person imperative plural)
tazarriqā (durative plural second-person)
tazzarqā (perfect plural second-person)
tazriqā (plural preterite second-person)
zirqā (imperative plural second-person)
izarriqū (durative masculine plural third-person)
izzarqū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
izriqū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lizriqū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
izarriqā (durative feminine plural third-person)
izzarqā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
izriqā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lizriqā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
zarāqu (alternative)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew זָרַק (zɔráq, “to throw, toss”). Compare also Arabic ذَرَقَ (ḏaraqa, “to dung”).


epûm

akk-adjective

epûm (feminine epītum, masculine plural epûtum, feminine plural epiātu, predicative epi)

epītum (feminine)
epûtum (masculine plural)
epiātu (feminine plural)
epi (predicative)
epû (alternative)


epûm

akk-verb

epûm (G, i, durative ippi, perfect ītepi, preterite īpi, imperative epi)

ippi (durative)
ītepi (perfect)
īpi (preterite)
epi (imperative)
epû (alternative)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew אָפָה (ʔɔp̄ɔ́, “to bake”).


ēpûm

akk-noun

ēpûm m (base ēpi, plural ēpû, feminine ēpītum)

ēpû (plural)
ēpītum (feminine)
ēpû (alternative)

From the verb 𒂊𒁍𒌝 (epûm, “to bake”). Cognate with Biblical Hebrew אֹפֶה (ʔop̄ɛ́, “baker”).


ēpītum

From 𒂊𒁍𒌝 (ēpûm, “baker”) + -𒌈 (-tum, feminine suffix).


esēpum

akk-verb

esēpum (G, i, durative issip, perfect ītesip, preterite īsip, imperative esip)

issip (durative)
ītesip (perfect)
īsip (preterite)
esip (imperative)
esēpum (infinitive)
ēsipum (participle)
espum (adjective)
essip (durative first-person singular)
ētesip (first-person perfect singular)
ēsip (first-person preterite singular)
lūsip (first-person imperative singular)
tessip (durative masculine second-person singular)
tētesip (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tēsip (masculine preterite second-person singular)
esip (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tessipī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tētespī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tēsipī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
espī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
issip (durative singular third-person)
ītesip (perfect singular third-person)
īsip (preterite singular third-person)
līsip (imperative singular third-person)
nissip (durative first-person plural)
nītesip (first-person perfect plural)
nīsip (first-person plural preterite)
i nīsip (first-person imperative plural)
tessipā (durative plural second-person)
tētespā (perfect plural second-person)
tēsipā (plural preterite second-person)
espā (imperative plural second-person)
issipū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ītespū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
īsipū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
līsipū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
issipā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ītespā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
īsipā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
līsipā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
esēpu (alternative)
eṣēpu (alternative)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew אָסַף (ʔɔsáp̄, “to collect”).

cog

to gather up, collect, scrape together, decant


šattam

Adverbial accusative of 𒈬 (šattum, “year”).

adverbial accusative

𒈬𒈠 𒄿𒈠𒀜


šumēlum

šumēlu (alternative)
šumīlum (alternative)
šumīlu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *śaymaʔl- (“left hand/side”). Cognate with Arabic شِمَال (šimāl) and Biblical Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (śəmoʔl).

inh

the left
(military) left wing (of an army)


tinūrum

tlb

(Babylonian, Middle Assyrian, Neo-Assyrian)

tinūrū (plural)
tinūru (alternative)
tenūru (alternative)

From the same root as 𒈾𒉿𒀀𒀸 (nawārum, “to shine brightly”).

(astronomy) an undetermined star or constellation


ūsum

(Assyrian, Old Babylonian, Standard Babylonian)

ūsū (plural)
ūsātum (feminine plural)
ūsu (alternative)
us'um (alternative)
usḫi'um (alternative)
ussu (alternative)

→ Aramaic:

lect

Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אַוָוזָּא (ʾawazzā), אַוְוזָּא (ʾawəzzā), אֲוַוזָּא (ʾăwazzā), אֲוַזָּא (ʾăwazzā), אֲוׇוזָּא (ʾăwazzā)

Classical Syriac: ܘܰܙܳܐ (wazzā)

desc

אווז<alt:אַוָּז>

אווז<alt:אֲוָז>

→ Biblical Hebrew: אַוָּז (ʾawwɔz), אֲוָז (ʾăwɔz)

→ Ugaritic: 𐎜𐎇 (ủz)


egertu

egerātu (plural)
egirtu (alternative)
igirtu (alternative)
igertu (alternative)

From agāru (“to write down”). Compare Biblical Hebrew אִגֶּרֶת (ʔiggɛ́rɛṯ, “letter”).


šagabigalzu

šagabigalzū (plural)
šagabegalzu (alternative)
šakabegalzu (alternative rare)


mušḫuššum

akk-noun

mušḫuššum m (construct state mušḫuš, pronominal state mušḫušša, plural mušḫuššū)

tlb

(Old Babylonian, Standard Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian)

mušḫuš (construct)
mušḫušša (pronominal-state)
mušḫuššū (plural)
mušḫuššu (alternative)

From Sumerian 𒈲𒍽 (muš-ḫuš /mušḫuš/, “a mythical serpent”).

bor

the name of a mythical or literary dragon

(Old Babylonian, astronomy) the name of a constellation


nīnu

From Proto-Semitic *niḥnu (we). Cognate with Arabic نَحْنُ (naḥnu) and Biblical Hebrew אֲנַחְנוּ (ʾănáḥnu).

𒀭𒉌𒆠𒀀𒄠 𒉌𒉡

𒉌𒄿𒉡 𒇻 𒅖𒋼𒂗

we (first-person plural personal pronoun, nominative case)

1. This table gives Old Babylonian inflection.

2. Used to express the Accusative and Genitive case.

3. Used exclusively on adjectives to form the predicative construction.

5. Used on verbs. Always follows the Ventive.


attunu

attanu (alternative)
attanūni (alternative)
attun (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔantum m (“ye”). Cognate with Arabic أَنْتُمْ (ʔantum) and Biblical Hebrew אַתֶּם (ʔattɛ́m).

𒀜𒌅𒉡 𒂊𒅗𒉡

ye, you (second-person plural masculine personal pronoun, nominative case)


attina

tlb

(Old Assyrian, Middle Assyrian, Old Babylonian, Standard Babylonian)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔantin f (“ye”). Cognate with Arabic أَنْتُنَّ (ʔantunna) and Biblical Hebrew אַתֶּן (ʔattɛ́n).

𒌝𒈠𒁺𒀀 𒀀𒄷𒀀𒁺𒀀 𒀀𒎗𒈾

ye, you (second-person plural feminine personal pronoun, nominative case)


ullûm

akk-adj

ullûm (feminine ullītum, masculine plural ullûtum, feminine plural ulliātum, predicative ulli)

ullītum (feminine)
ullûtum (masculine plural)
ulliātum (feminine plural)
ulli (predicative)
ullû (alternative)

Related to Biblical Hebrew אֵלֶּה (ʔéllɛ, “these”) and Arabic أُولُو (ʔulū).


šandanakkum

akk-noun

šandanakkum m (construct state šandanak, pronominal state šandanakka, plural šandanakkātum f)

šandanak (construct)
šandanakka (pronominal-state)
šandanakkātum (feminine plural)
šandanakku (alternative)
sandanakkum (alternative)
saddanakkum (alternative)

From Sumerian 𒃲𒉌 (santana /santanak/, “chief gardener”).


mušītum

mušiātum (plural)
mušâtum (plural)
mušītu (alternative)

From 𒈪 (mūšum, “night”) + -𒌈 (-tum, feminine suffix).

af

𒄿𒈾 𒊭𒀀𒀜 𒈬𒅆𒋾𒅀


imnum

From Proto-Semitic *yamīn- (“right hand/side”), from Proto-Afroasiatic *yamin-. Cognate with Arabic يَمِين (yamīn) and Biblical Hebrew יָמִין (yɔmín).

inh

𒅔 𒅎𒉌𒅗 𒉌𒅋𒆷𒀝


Kinaḫnum

Kinaḫni (alternative)
Kinaḫna (alternative)
Kinaḫḫi (alternative)

Cognate with Arabic كَنْعَان (kanʕān) and Biblical Hebrew כְּנַעַן (kənáʕan).


ḫassū

→ Aramaic: חַסָּא (ḥassā)

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܚܲܣܵܐ (ḥassā)

Classical Syriac: ܚܣܬܐ

→ Arabic: خَسّ (ḵass) (see there for further descendants)

→ Hebrew: חַסָּה (khása)

The Akkadian translation of this word is based on Classical Syriac ܚܣܬܐ (ḥastā, “lettuce”). Considered either a loanword in Sumerian (see 𒄭𒊬 (ḫiˢᵃʳ /ḫiz/, “lettuce”) or a Kulturwort. Cognate with Arabic خَسّ (ḵass) and Hebrew חַסָּה (ḥassɔ).


nâḫum

akk-verb

nâḫum (G, a-u, durative inâḫ, perfect ittūḫ, preterite inūḫ, imperative nūḫ)

inâḫ (durative)
ittūḫ (perfect)
inūḫ (preterite)
nūḫ (imperative)
nâḫu (alternative)
nuāḫum (alternative)
nuāḫu (alternative)

(stative) to be at rest, slow, still, peaceful, pacified


šanānum

šanānum (G, a-u, durative išannan, perfect ištanan, preterite išnun, imperative šunun)

išannan (durative)
ištanan (perfect)
išnun (preterite)
šunun (imperative)
šanānum (infinitive)
šāninum (participle)
šannum (adjective)
ašannan (durative first-person singular)
aštanan (first-person perfect singular)
ašnun (first-person preterite singular)
lušnun (first-person imperative singular)
tašannan (durative masculine second-person singular)
taštanan (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tašnun (masculine preterite second-person singular)
šunun (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tašannanī (durative feminine second-person singular)
taštannī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tašnunī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
šunnī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
išannan (durative singular third-person)
ištanan (perfect singular third-person)
išnun (preterite singular third-person)
lišnun (imperative singular third-person)
nišannan (durative first-person plural)
ništanan (first-person perfect plural)
nišnun (first-person plural preterite)
i nišnun (first-person imperative plural)
tašannanā (durative plural second-person)
taštannā (perfect plural second-person)
tašnunā (plural preterite second-person)
šunnā (imperative plural second-person)
išannanū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ištannū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
išnunū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lišnunū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
išannanā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ištannā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
išnunā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lišnunā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
šanānu (alternative)


Kūsu

Compare Hebrew כּוּשׁ (kuš) and Egyptian k-A-S:N25 (kꜣš).


𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠

head

𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠 • (me-luḫ-ḫaᵏⁱ)


Meluḫḫa

Unknown; might be a borrowing from Proto-Dravidian *mel-Vkku. Might also be possibly related to 𒈣𒁻 (ma-laḫ, “sailor”)


nabûm

akk-verb

nabûm (G, i, durative inabbi, perfect ittabi, preterite ibbi, imperative ibi)

inabbi (durative)
ittabi (perfect)
ibbi (preterite)
ibi (imperative)
nabûm (infinitive)
nābûm (participle)
nabûm (adjective)
anabbi (durative first-person singular)
attabi (first-person perfect singular)
abbi (first-person preterite singular)
lubbi (first-person imperative singular)
tanabbi (durative masculine second-person singular)
tattabi (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tabbi (masculine preterite second-person singular)
nibi (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tanabbî (durative feminine second-person singular)
tattabî (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tabbî (feminine preterite second-person singular)
nibî (feminine imperative second-person singular)
inabbi (durative singular third-person)
ittabi (perfect singular third-person)
ibbi (preterite singular third-person)
libbi (imperative singular third-person)
ninabbi (durative first-person plural)
nittabi (first-person perfect plural)
nibbi (first-person plural preterite)
i nibbi (first-person imperative plural)
tanabbiā (durative plural second-person)
tattabiā (perfect plural second-person)
tabbiā (plural preterite second-person)
nibiā (imperative plural second-person)
inabbû (durative masculine plural third-person)
ittabû (masculine perfect plural third-person)
ibbû (masculine plural preterite third-person)
libbû (imperative masculine plural third-person)
inabbiā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ittabiā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
ibbiā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
libbiā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
nabû (alternative)
nabā'um (alternative)

Cognate with Arabic أَنْبَأَ (ʔanbaʔa, “to inform, announce”) and Biblical Hebrew נִבֵּא (nibbeʾ, “to prophesy”).

cog

(with double accusative) to name, nominate


našru

Borrowed from a West Semitic language, from Proto-West Semitic *našr-. Compare Arabic نَسْر (nasr) and Biblical Hebrew נֶשֶׁר (nɛ́šɛr).


maṣûm

akk-verb

maṣûm (G, i, durative imaṣṣi, perfect imtaṣi, preterite imṣi, imperative miṣi)

imaṣṣi (durative)
imtaṣi (perfect)
imṣi (preterite)
miṣi (imperative)
maṣûm (infinitive)
māṣûm (participle)
maṣûm (adjective)
amaṣṣi (durative first-person singular)
amtaṣi (first-person perfect singular)
amṣi (first-person preterite singular)
lumṣi (first-person imperative singular)
tamaṣṣi (durative masculine second-person singular)
tamtaṣi (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tamṣi (masculine preterite second-person singular)
miṣi (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tamaṣṣî (durative feminine second-person singular)
tamtaṣî (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tamṣî (feminine preterite second-person singular)
miṣî (feminine imperative second-person singular)
imaṣṣi (durative singular third-person)
imtaṣi (perfect singular third-person)
imṣi (preterite singular third-person)
limṣi (imperative singular third-person)
nimaṣṣi (durative first-person plural)
nimtaṣi (first-person perfect plural)
nimṣi (first-person plural preterite)
i nimṣi (first-person imperative plural)
tamaṣṣiā (durative plural second-person)
tamtaṣiā (perfect plural second-person)
tamṣiā (plural preterite second-person)
miṣiā (imperative plural second-person)
imaṣṣû (durative masculine plural third-person)
imtaṣû (masculine perfect plural third-person)
imṣû (masculine plural preterite third-person)
limṣû (imperative masculine plural third-person)
imaṣṣiā (durative feminine plural third-person)
imtaṣiā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
imṣiā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
limṣiā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
maṣû (alternative)
maṣā'um (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *mṯ̣ʔ- (“to reach”). Compare Biblical Hebrew מָצָא (mɔṣɔ́ʔ, “to find”).

cog

𒆠𒄿 𒈠𒍣𒄿

𒈠𒆷 𒈠𒍪𒌑

as much as there is, as far as it extends

𒈠𒆷 𒊮𒁉𒅎 𒈠𒍪𒌑𒌝

to do what one wants, to have full discretion

𒈠𒆷 𒊮𒁉𒋗 𒄿𒈠𒊍𒍢

(Old Assyrian only) to take responsibility for


ūṣum

tlb

(Old Babylonian, Standard Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian)

ūṣū (plural)
ūṣu (alternative)
uṣṣu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *ḥVṯ̣ṯ̣- (“arrow”). Cognate with Arabic حُظْوَة (ḥuẓwa, “small arrow”) and Biblical Hebrew חֵץ (ḥeṣ, “arrow”).


kīnum

akk-adj

kīnum (feminine kīttum, masculine plural kīnūtum, feminine plural kīnātum, predicative kīn)

kīttum (feminine)
kīnūtum (masculine plural)
kīnātum (feminine plural)
kīn (predicative)
kīnu (alternative)
kēnum (alternative)
kēnu (alternative)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew כֵּן (ken, “right, honest, truthful”).

cog

verbal adjective of kânum:
permanent, firm

verbal adjective of kânum:
true, reliable, just

verbal adjective of kânum:
honest, decent, loyal

verbal adjective of kânum:
correct, regular, normal, legitimate


waṣûm

akk-verb

waṣûm (G, i, durative uṣṣi, perfect ittaṣi, preterite uṣi, imperative ṣi)

uṣṣi (durative)
ittaṣi (perfect)
uṣi (preterite)
ṣi (imperative)
waṣû (alternative)
waṣā'um (alternative)
uṣā'um (alternative)
uṣā'u (alternative)
aṣûm (alternative)
aṣû (alternative)
uṣû (alternative)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew יָצָא (yɔṣɔ́ʔ, “to go/come out”).

cog

to come out, rise, protrude, grow, sprout


nasāḫum

akk-verb

nasāḫum (G, a-u, durative inassaḫ, perfect ittasaḫ, preterite issuḫ, imperative usuḫ)

inassaḫ (durative)
ittasaḫ (perfect)
issuḫ (preterite)
usuḫ (imperative)
nasāḫum (infinitive)
nāsiḫum (participle)
nasḫum (adjective)
anassaḫ (durative first-person singular)
attasaḫ (first-person perfect singular)
assuḫ (first-person preterite singular)
lussuḫ (first-person imperative singular)
tanassaḫ (durative masculine second-person singular)
tattasaḫ (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tassuḫ (masculine preterite second-person singular)
usuḫ (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tanassaḫī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tattasḫī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tassuḫī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
usḫī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
inassaḫ (durative singular third-person)
ittasaḫ (perfect singular third-person)
issuḫ (preterite singular third-person)
lissuḫ (imperative singular third-person)
ninassaḫ (durative first-person plural)
nittasaḫ (first-person perfect plural)
nissuḫ (first-person plural preterite)
i nissuḫ (first-person imperative plural)
tanassaḫā (durative plural second-person)
tattasḫā (perfect plural second-person)
tassuḫā (plural preterite second-person)
usḫā (imperative plural second-person)
inassaḫū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ittasḫū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
issuḫū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lissuḫū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
inassaḫā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ittasḫā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
issuḫā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lissuḫā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
nasāḫu (alternative)

Cognate with Arabic نَسَخَ (nasaḵa, “to abolish, delete”) and Biblical Hebrew נָסַח (nɔsáḥ, “to pull, tear away”).

cog

to remove, take away, exterminate, wipe out, clear out, pull off, eradicate

to reject, expel, deport, transfer, remove, evacuate

(Old Babylonian, mathematics) to subtract


ḫalbum

Possibly a West Semitic loanword. Compare Ugaritic 𐎃𐎍𐎁 (ḫlb /ḫalbu/, “massif, promontory”).


gūrum

Possibly a loanword from Sumerian 𒄀𒌫 (gi-ur₂ /gi'ur/, “root, base of the reed plant”).

bor

foliage/leaves of reed and papyrus plants


šeleppûm

šeleppû (plural)
šeleppû (alternative)
šilippû (alternative)
šelappû (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *šalaḥpaw/y-, *šalapḥaw/y- (“turtle”). Cognate with Arabic سُلَحْفَاة (sulaḥfāh).


nigûtum

tlb

(Old Babylonian, Middle Babylonian, Standard Babylonian)

nigâtum (plural)
nigûtu (alternative)
ningûtu (alternative)

From 𒈾𒄖𒌝 (nagûm, “to sing joyfully”). Possibly related to Biblical Hebrew נִגֵּן (niggén, “to play an instrument”).

cog

𒉌𒄖𒋫𒄠 𒂊𒁉𒋳/𒊭𒅗𒉡𒌝

joyful music, merry-making, musical celebration


ištānum

tlb

(from Old Babylonian on, Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian)

ištānu (alternative)
iltānum (alternative)
iltānu (alternative)


šārum

šārū (plural)
šārātum (feminine plural)
šāru (alternative)

Maybe related to Biblical Hebrew סַ֫עַר (sáʿar, “tempest”) and סְעָרָה (səʿɔrɔ́, “storm-wind”).

cog

(figurative) emptiness, nothingness, lies, vanity, falsehood


Amurrum

toponym for Syria and the West, the land of the Amorites

(with determinative 𒀭 (ᵈ)) Amurru (god of the Amorites)

(with determinative 𒀯 (ᵐᵘˡ), Standard Babylonian) Perseus (the "west star")


amurrum

amurru (alternative)
aburru (alternative)

From 𒀭𒈥𒌅 (Amurrum, “Amurru”), the country of the Amorites, who lived in a region west of Mesopotamia.


nišum

nišū (plural)
nišu (alternative)
nīšu (alternative)
nēšu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *nVš- (“people”). Compare Biblical Hebrew נָשִׁים (nɔším, “women”). Possibly related to *ʔināš- (“mankind”). Compare Arabic إِنْسَان (ʔinsān, “human”) and Biblical Hebrew אֲנָשִׁים (ʔănɔším, “men”).

population, inhabitants, subjects (of a king)

servants, serfs, retainers (belonging to an estate, palace, household, person, etc.)


birqum

birqū (plural)
birqu (alternative)
berqu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *baraḳ- (“lightning”). Cognate with Arabic بَرْق (barq) or Biblical Hebrew בָּרָק (bɔrɔ́q).

𒀭𒅎 𒁁𒂖 𒄵𒆠

lightning bolt, thunderbolt (representation of a lightning)


šuršum

akk-noun

šuršum m (construct state šuruš, plural šuršū)

šuruš (construct)
šuršū (plural)
šuršu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *šurš- (“root”). Cognate with Arabic شِرْش (širš) and Biblical Hebrew שֹׁרֶשׁ (šórɛš).


ayyalum

ayyalū (plural)
ayyalu (alternative)
ya'alu (alternative)
yalu (alternative)

desc

→ Sumerian: 𒀀𒀀𒈝 (a-a-lum, aya-lum /ayalum/)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔayyal- (“stag, hart”). Cognate with Arabic أَيَّل (ʔayyal) and Biblical Hebrew אַיִל (ʔáyil).


urḫum

akk-noun

urḫum f or m (construct state uruḫ, pronominal state uruḫ or urḫa, plural urḫū or urḫātum f or urḫānu)

uruḫ (construct)
uruḫ (pronominal-state)
urḫa (pronominal-state)
urḫū (plural)
urḫātum (feminine plural)
urḫānu (plural)
urḫu (alternative)
arḫu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔurḫ- (“road”). Cognate with Biblical Hebrew אֹרַח (ʾóraḥ, “way, path”).

cog

𒀀𒇷𒅅 𒌨𒄭𒅎

𒌑𒊒𒄴 𒊭𒈨𒂊

𒌑𒊒𒄴 𒊭𒁲𒅎

𒌨𒄩𒋗 𒄿𒅋𒆷𒀝


ṣiāḫum

akk-verb

ṣiāḫum (G, a-i, durative iṣīaḫ, perfect iṣṣīḫ, preterite iṣīḫ, imperative ṣīḫ)

iṣīaḫ (durative)
iṣṣīḫ (perfect)
iṣīḫ (preterite)
ṣīḫ (imperative)
ṣiāḫum (infinitive)
ṣāiḫum (participle)
ṣīḫum (adjective)
aṣīaḫ (durative first-person singular)
aṣṣīḫ (first-person perfect singular)
aṣīḫ (first-person preterite singular)
luṣīḫ (first-person imperative singular)
taṣīaḫ (durative masculine second-person singular)
taṣṣīḫ (masculine perfect second-person singular)
taṣīḫ (masculine preterite second-person singular)
ṣīḫ (imperative masculine second-person singular)
taṣiḫḫī (durative feminine second-person singular)
taṣṣīḫī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
taṣīḫī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
ṣīḫī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
iṣīaḫ (durative singular third-person)
iṣṣīḫ (perfect singular third-person)
iṣīḫ (preterite singular third-person)
liṣīḫ (imperative singular third-person)
niṣīaḫ (durative first-person plural)
niṣṣīḫ (first-person perfect plural)
niṣīḫ (first-person plural preterite)
i niṣīḫ (first-person imperative plural)
taṣiḫḫā (durative plural second-person)
taṣṣīḫā (perfect plural second-person)
taṣīḫā (plural preterite second-person)
ṣīḫā (imperative plural second-person)
iṣiḫḫū (durative masculine plural third-person)
iṣṣīḫū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
iṣīḫū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
liṣīḫū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
iṣiḫḫā (durative feminine plural third-person)
iṣṣīḫā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
iṣīḫā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
liṣīḫā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
ṣiāḫu (alternative)
ṣâḫu (alternative)

Possibly related to Arabic ضَحِكَ (ḍaḥika) and Biblical Hebrew צָחַק (ṣɔḥaq), though difficult to explain phonetically.


bāṣum

tlb

(from Old Babylonian on, Babylonian, Old Assyrian)

Unknown, but compare Biblical Hebrew בֹּץ (boṣ, “mud, silt”), a hapax legomenon in the Bible.


𒀭𒀹𒁯

head

𒀭𒀹𒁯 • (ᵈiš₈-tar₂)


dayyānī

accusative and genitive plural of dayyānum


kišpī

accusative and genitive plural of kišpum


šuāti

anāku (nominative singular)
yâti (oblique singular)
yâšim (dative singular)
ayyâšim (dative singular)
-āku (singular)
-āk (singular)
-ī (possessive singular)
-ya (possessive singular)
-anni (accusative singular)
-nni (accusative singular)
-ninni (accusative singular)
-am (dative singular)
-m (dative singular)
-nim (dative singular)
atta (masculine nominative singular)
kâta (masculine oblique singular)
kâšim (dative masculine singular)
kâšum (dative masculine singular)
-āta (masculine singular)
-ka (masculine possessive singular)
-ka (accusative masculine singular)
-kum (dative masculine singular)
atti (feminine nominative singular)
kâti (feminine oblique singular)
kâšim (dative feminine singular)
-āti (feminine singular)
-ki (feminine possessive singular)
-ki (accusative feminine singular)
-kim (dative feminine singular)
šū (masculine nominative singular third-person)
šuāti (masculine oblique singular third-person)
šuātu (masculine oblique singular third-person)
šâti (masculine oblique singular third-person)
šuāšim (dative masculine singular third-person)
šâšim (dative masculine singular third-person)
-šu (masculine possessive singular third-person)
-šu (accusative masculine singular third-person)
-šum (dative masculine singular third-person)
šī (feminine nominative singular third-person)
šuāti (feminine oblique singular third-person)
šâti (feminine oblique singular third-person)
šuāšim (dative feminine singular third-person)
šâšim (dative feminine singular third-person)
-at (feminine singular third-person)
-ša (feminine possessive singular third-person)
-ši (accusative feminine singular third-person)
-šim (dative feminine singular third-person)
nīnu (nominative plural)
niāti (oblique plural)
niāšim (dative plural)
-ānu (plural)
-ni (plural possessive)
-niāti (accusative plural)
-niāšim (dative plural)
attunu (masculine nominative plural)
kunūti (masculine oblique plural)
kunūšim (dative masculine plural)
-ātina (masculine plural)
-kunu (masculine plural possessive)
-kunūti (accusative masculine plural)
-kunūšim (dative masculine plural)
attina (feminine nominative plural)
kināti (feminine oblique plural)
kināšim (dative feminine plural)
-ātunu (feminine plural)
-kina (feminine plural possessive)
-kināti (accusative feminine plural)
-kināšim (dative feminine plural)
šunu (masculine nominative plural third-person)
šunūti (masculine oblique plural third-person)
šunūšim (dative masculine plural third-person)
-ā (masculine plural third-person)
-šunu (masculine plural possessive third-person)
-šunūti (accusative masculine plural third-person)
-šunūšim (dative masculine plural third-person)
šina (feminine nominative plural third-person)
šināti (feminine oblique plural third-person)
šināšim (dative feminine plural third-person)
-ū (feminine plural third-person)
-šina (feminine plural possessive third-person)
-šināti (accusative feminine plural third-person)
-šināšim (dative feminine plural third-person)
šâti (alternative)
šuātu (alternative masculine)
šâtu (alternative masculine)

(accusative, genitive) him, her, it, to him, to her, to it

(accusative, genitive) that, the aforementioned


Urušalim

Ursalimmu (alternative)
Ursalimma (alternative)

From a West Semitic language. Compare Arabic أُورُشَلِيم (ʔūrušalīm) and Biblical Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלִַם (yərušɔláyim).

cog

Arabic أُورُشَلِيم (ʔūrušalīm)

יְרוּשָׁלִַם


𒌑𒊒𒊓𒅆𒆠

head

𒌑𒊒𒊓𒅆𒆠 • (u₂-ru-ša₁₀-limᵏⁱ)


ṭênum

akk-verb

ṭênum (G, e, durative iṭên, perfect iṭṭēn, preterite iṭēn, imperative ṭēn)

iṭên (durative)
iṭṭēn (perfect)
iṭēn (preterite)
ṭēn (imperative)
ṭênum (infinitive)
ṭēinum (participle)
ṭēnum (adjective)
eṭên (durative first-person singular)
eṭṭēn (first-person perfect singular)
eṭēn (first-person preterite singular)
luṭēn (first-person imperative singular)
teṭên (durative masculine second-person singular)
teṭṭēn (masculine perfect second-person singular)
teṭēn (masculine preterite second-person singular)
ṭēn (imperative masculine second-person singular)
teṭennī (durative feminine second-person singular)
teṭṭēnī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
teṭēnī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
ṭēnī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
iṭên (durative singular third-person)
iṭṭēn (perfect singular third-person)
iṭēn (preterite singular third-person)
liṭēn (imperative singular third-person)
niṭên (durative first-person plural)
niṭṭēn (first-person perfect plural)
niṭēn (first-person plural preterite)
i niṭēn (first-person imperative plural)
teṭennā (durative plural second-person)
teṭṭēnā (perfect plural second-person)
teṭēnā (plural preterite second-person)
ṭēnā (imperative plural second-person)
iṭennū (durative masculine plural third-person)
iṭṭēnū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
iṭēnū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
liṭēnū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
iṭennā (durative feminine plural third-person)
iṭṭēnā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
iṭēnā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
liṭēnā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
ṭênu (alternative)
ṭeānu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *ṭaḥan- (“to grind”). Cognate with Arabic طَحَنَ (ṭaḥana) and Biblical Hebrew טָחַן (ṭɔḥán).


ṭīdum

ṭīdu (alternative)
ṭiddum (alternative)
ṭiṭṭum (alternative)
ṭīṭu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *ṭīn- (“clay”). Cognate with Arabic طِين (ṭīn, “mud”) and Biblical Hebrew טִיט (ṭiṭ, “mud, clay”).


šebērum

šebērum (G, e, durative išebbir, perfect ištebir, preterite išbir, imperative šeber)

išebbir (durative)
ištebir (perfect)
išbir (preterite)
šeber (imperative)
šebērum (infinitive)
šēbirum (participle)
šebrum (adjective)
ešebbir (durative first-person singular)
eštebir (first-person perfect singular)
ešbir (first-person preterite singular)
lušbir (first-person imperative singular)
tešebbir (durative masculine second-person singular)
teštebir (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tešbir (masculine preterite second-person singular)
šibir (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tešebbirī (durative feminine second-person singular)
teštebrī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tešbirī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
šibrī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
išebbir (durative singular third-person)
ištebir (perfect singular third-person)
išbir (preterite singular third-person)
lišbir (imperative singular third-person)
nišebbir (durative first-person plural)
ništebir (first-person perfect plural)
nišbir (first-person plural preterite)
i nišbir (first-person imperative plural)
tešebbirā (durative plural second-person)
teštebrā (perfect plural second-person)
tešbirā (plural preterite second-person)
šibrā (imperative plural second-person)
išebbirū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ištebrū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
išbirū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lišbirū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
išebbirā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ištebrā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
išbirā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lišbirā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
šebēru (alternative)
šabārum (alternative)
šabāru (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *ṯabar- (“to break”). Cognate with Arabic ثَبَرَ (ṯabara) and Biblical Hebrew שָׁבַר (šɔḇar).


šalgum

tlb

(Old Babylonian, Mari, Standard Babylonian)

From Proto-Semitic *ṯalg- (“snow”). Cognate with Arabic ثَلْج (ṯalj) and Biblical Hebrew שֶׁלֶג (šɛ́lɛḡ).


šēlebum

šēlebū (plural)
šēlebu (alternative)
šellebu (alternative)
šēlubu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *ṯaʕlab- (“fox”). Cognate with Arabic ثَعْلَب (ṯaʕlab) and Biblical Hebrew שׁוּעָל (šuʕɔ́l).


ḫikuptaḫ

From Egyptian ḥwt-kꜣ-ptḥ, a metonymical term for the city of Memphis. Compare Ancient Greek Αἴγυπτος (Aíguptos, “Egypt”) and Ugaritic 𐎈𐎋𐎔𐎚 (ḥkpt /ḥikupta/, “Memphis”) from the same source.


ṣillum

From Proto-Semitic *ṯ̣ill- (“shadow”). Cognate with Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill) and Biblical Hebrew צֵל (ṣel).

protection, canopy (on a boat), awning, covering


pītum

akk-noun

pītum m (construct state pīt or pīti, plural pītū)

tlb

(from Old Babylonian on, Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian)

pīt (construct)
pīti (construct)
pītū (plural)
pītu (alternative)
pitûm (alternative)
pitû (alternative)

Cognate with Arabic فَتْح (fatḥ) and Biblical Hebrew פֶּתַח (pɛ́ṯaḥ). See 𒉿𒌅𒌑𒌝 (petûm, “to open”).


ṣurrum

(Babylonian, Middle Assyrian, El-Amarna, Nuzi)

From Proto-Semitic *ṯ̣urr- (“flint”). Cognate with Arabic ظُرَر (ẓurar) and Biblical Hebrew צֹר (ṣor).


amēlu

Middle Babylonian, Standard Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian, and Late Babylonian form of awīlum


gulgullum

akk-noun

gulgullum m (construct state gulgul, plural gulgullū or gulgullātum f)

gulgul (construct)
gulgullū (plural)
gulgullātum (feminine plural)
gulgullu (alternative)
gulgullatum (alternative)
gulgullatu (alternative)

Cognate with Arabic جُمْجُمَة (jumjuma) and Biblical Hebrew גֻּלְגֹּ֫לֶת (gulgólɛṯ). Compare also Egyptian DA-DA-D1:Z1 (ḏꜣḏꜣ, “head”).

cog

גֻּלְגֹּ֫לֶת

(Neo-Babylonian) container shaped like a human skull


abullum

akk-noun

abullum f (construct state abul, pronominal state abulla, plural abullātum)

abul (construct)
abulla (pronominal-state)
abullātum (plural)
abullu (alternative)

desc

→ Aramaic: אַבּוּלָא (ʾabbûlā, “city gate; portico, entryway”)

→ Biblical Hebrew: אַבּוּל (ʔabbúl, “arcade, gateway”)

→ Israeli Hebrew: אַבּוּל (abúl, “arcade, gateway”)

entrance gate (of a city, building or building complex)


inanna

𒆠𒈠 𒄿𒈾𒀭𒈾

𒅖𒌅 𒄿𒈾𒀭𒈾

𒀀𒁲 𒄿𒈾𒀭𒈾


zumrum

akk-noun

zumrum m (construct state zumur, plural zumrū)

zumur (construct)
zumrū (plural)
zumru (alternative)
zurru (alternative)
zu'ru (alternative)

𒊭𒊏𒀜 𒍪𒌝𒊑𒅎

body (of humans, animals, objects, etc.)


nāgirum

From Sumerian 𒂆/𒂇 (nimgir, nig̃ir /nig̃ir/).


ūmam

tlb

(Old Assyrian, Old Babylonian, Middle Assyrian, Standard Babylonian)

Adverbial accusative of 𒌓 (ūmum, “day”).

𒌓𒈠𒈠

(correlative) on one day... on another...


amšālim

amšāli (alternative)
amšāla (alternative)
amšat (alternative)
amšalītam (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔamšay- (“yesterday”). Cognate with Arabic أَمْسِ (ʔamsi).

𒋳𒈠 𒈪𒈠 𒀝𒁍𒄣 𒄠𒊭𒇷 𒀉𒋾𒅀 𒄿𒆷𒄰 𒈪𒅎𒈠𒀭 𒌓𒈠𒄠 𒅀𒀀𒋾 𒅅𒆷𒀭𒉌

šum-ma ki-ma aq-bu-kum am-ša-li it-ti-ia i-la-kam mi-im-ma-an UD-ma-am ya-a-ti ik-la-an-ni

If he had come with me yesterday as I had told you, in what way could he have hindered me today?


šērum

From Proto-Semitic *šaḥ(a)r- (“dawn, morning”). Cognate with Arabic سَحَر (saḥar) and Biblical Hebrew שַׁחַר (šáḥar, “dawn”).


epēšum

akk-verb

epēšum (G, a-u, durative ippeš, perfect ītepeš, preterite īpuš, imperative epuš)

ippeš (durative)
ītepeš (perfect)
īpuš (preterite)
epuš (imperative)
epēšum (infinitive)
ēpišum (participle)
epšum (adjective)
eppeš (durative first-person singular)
ētepeš (first-person perfect singular)
ēpuš (first-person preterite singular)
lūpuš (first-person imperative singular)
teppeš (durative masculine second-person singular)
tētepeš (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tēpuš (masculine preterite second-person singular)
epuš (imperative masculine second-person singular)
teppešī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tētepšī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tēpušī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
epšī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
ippeš (durative singular third-person)
ītepeš (perfect singular third-person)
īpuš (preterite singular third-person)
līpuš (imperative singular third-person)
nippeš (durative first-person plural)
nītepeš (first-person perfect plural)
nīpuš (first-person plural preterite)
i nīpuš (first-person imperative plural)
teppešā (durative plural second-person)
tētepšā (perfect plural second-person)
tēpušā (plural preterite second-person)
epšā (imperative plural second-person)
ippešū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ītepšū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
īpušū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
līpušū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
ippešā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ītepšā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
īpušā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
līpušā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
epēšu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *ḥapaś- (to search, gather). Cognate with Arabic حَفَشَ (ḥafaša, “to gather”) and Biblical Hebrew חָפַשׂ (ḥɔp̄áś, “to search”).

cog

(intransitive) to act, behave, proceed, be(come) active

(transitive) to do, make, build, manufacture

(transitive) to do, carry out, excercise (a function), used mainly in idiomatic phrases.


targumannum

targumannu (alternative)
turgumannum (alternative)
targamannum (alternative)

desctree

→ Classical Syriac: ܬܰܪܓܡܳܢܳܐ (targmānā)
→ Arabic: تُرْجُمَان (turjumān)
Maltese: turċman
→ Hellenic: δραγομάνος
→ Medieval Latin: dragumannus, drogamundus, turcimannus, turchemannus
Old French: dragoman, droguement, drogeman, drogman, drugeman, drugemant, trucheman
→ Catalan: drogman
French: dragoman, truchement
→ Bulgarian: драгоман (dragoman)
→ Czech: dragoman
→ Polish: dragoman
→ Russian: драгоман (dragoman)
→ Serbo-Croatian: dragòmān
→ Middle English: dragman, drogeman, drugeman
English: dragoman, truchman, truch-man, trouchman, truceman, trudgeman
→ Middle High German: tragemunt, trougemunt
German: Dragoman, Trutzelmann, Trutschelmann
→ Italian: dragomanno, turcimanno
→ Classical Persian: ترجمان (tarjumān)
→ Hindi: तर्जुमान (tarjumān)
→ Urdu: ترجمان (tarjumān)
→ Spanish: dragomán, truchimán, trujimán, o trujamán
→ Azerbaijani: tərcüman
→ Ottoman Turkish: ترجمان
Turkish: tercüman
Crimean Tatar: terciman, терджиман
→ Georgian: თარჯიმანი (tarǯimani)
→ Romanian: tergiman
→ Uyghur: تەرجىمان (terjiman)
→ Uzbek: tarjimon
→ Old Armenian: թարգման (tʻargman)
Armenian: թարգման (tʻargman)
→ Old Georgian: თარგმანი (targmani)
→ Biblical Hebrew: תֻּרְגְּמָן (turgəmɔ́n)

Unknown. It could be either a borrowing from another unattested language or a derivation from the verb 𒅗𒂷𒂷 (ragāmum, “to exclame, shout to”).


našûm

akk-verb

našûm (G, i, durative inašši, perfect ittaši, preterite išši, imperative iši)

inašši (durative)
ittaši (perfect)
išši (preterite)
iši (imperative)
našûm (infinitive)
nāšûm (participle)
našûm (adjective)
anašši (durative first-person singular)
attaši (first-person perfect singular)
anši (first-person preterite singular)
lunši (first-person imperative singular)
tanašši (durative masculine second-person singular)
tattaši (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tanši (masculine preterite second-person singular)
niši (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tanaššî (durative feminine second-person singular)
tattašî (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tanšî (feminine preterite second-person singular)
nišî (feminine imperative second-person singular)
inašši (durative singular third-person)
ittaši (perfect singular third-person)
inši (preterite singular third-person)
linši (imperative singular third-person)
ninašši (durative first-person plural)
nittaši (first-person perfect plural)
ninši (first-person plural preterite)
i ninši (first-person imperative plural)
tanaššiā (durative plural second-person)
tattašiā (perfect plural second-person)
tanšiā (plural preterite second-person)
nišiā (imperative plural second-person)
inaššû (durative masculine plural third-person)
ittašû (masculine perfect plural third-person)
inšû (masculine plural preterite third-person)
linšû (imperative masculine plural third-person)
inaššiā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ittašiā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
inšiā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
linšiā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
našû (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *naśaʔ- (“to raise, lift”). Cognate with Arabic نَشَأَ (našaʔa) and Biblical Hebrew נָשָׂא (nɔśɔʾ, “to lift, carry”).


pūtum

akk-noun

pūtum f (construct state pūt or pūti, plural pâtum or pūtātu)

pūt (construct)
pūti (construct)
pâtum (plural)
pūtātu (plural)
pūtu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *piʔat- (side, edge, front). Cognate with Arabic فِئَة (fiʔa, “class, division”) and Biblical Hebrew פֵּאָה (peʾɔ, “edge, corner”).


nazāqum

akk-verb

nazāqum (G, i, durative inazziq, perfect ittaziq, preterite izziq, imperative iziq)

inazziq (durative)
ittaziq (perfect)
izziq (preterite)
iziq (imperative)
nazāqum (infinitive)
nāziqum (participle)
nazqum (adjective)
anazziq (durative first-person singular)
attaziq (first-person perfect singular)
azziq (first-person preterite singular)
luzziq (first-person imperative singular)
tanazziq (durative masculine second-person singular)
tattaziq (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tazziq (masculine preterite second-person singular)
iziq (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tanazziqī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tattazqī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tazziqī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
izqī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
inazziq (durative singular third-person)
ittaziq (perfect singular third-person)
izziq (preterite singular third-person)
lizziq (imperative singular third-person)
ninazziq (durative first-person plural)
nittaziq (first-person perfect plural)
nizziq (first-person plural preterite)
i nizziq (first-person imperative plural)
tanazziqā (durative plural second-person)
tattazqā (perfect plural second-person)
tazziqā (plural preterite second-person)
izqā (imperative plural second-person)
inazziqū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ittazqū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
izziqū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lizziqū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
inazziqā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ittazqā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
izziqā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lizziqā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
nazāqu (alternative)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew נֶזֶק (nɛ́zɛq, “injury, damage”).


arnum

akk-noun

arnum m (construct state aran, plural arnū)

aran (construct)
arnū (plural)
arnu (alternative)
annum (alternative)
annu (alternative)

crime, wrongdoing, offence, misdeed, guilt, fault, sin


šizbum

šizib (construct)
šizbu (alternative)
šizibbu (alternative)
šezibbu (alternative)
zizibu (alternative)


tīlum

tīlū (plural)
tīlu (alternative)
tillum (alternative)
tēlu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *tall- (hill). Cognate with Arabic تَلّ (tall) and Biblical Hebrew תֵּל (tel).

𒇯 𒀀𒁍𒁉𒅎


abūbum

Compare Arabic أُبَاب (ʔubāb, “billow”) and the developments under the root ح ب ب (ḥ b b).

ar-root

ح ب ب (ḥ b b)

the Deluge, the Flood (as cosmic event or as personification of the ultimate wrath, destruction and aggressiveness)

(mythology) the Deluge, the Flood (a monster with definite features)


bibbulum

bibbulu (alternative)
bubbulum (alternative Babylonian Middle Standard)
bubbulu (alternative Babylonian Middle Standard)
bumbulum (alternative Babylonian Middle Standard)
bumbulu (alternative Babylonian Middle Standard)

From 𒁀𒁀𒈝 (babālum, “to bring, transport, carry”). Compare Biblical Hebrew מַבּוּל (mabbúl).

day of the disappearance of the moon (the 28th or 29th of the month)


bīt ilim

bītāt ilānī (plural)
bīt ili (alternative)

From 𒂍 (bīt, “house”) + 𒀭 (ilim, “of god”), literally “divine house”. Compare Hebrew בֵּיתְאֵל (béṯʔel, “Bethel”).


𒀭𒉎𒂂𒄷

Orthographic borrowing from Sumerian 𒀭𒉎𒂂𒄷 (AN.IM.DUGUD^(MUŠEN)).


wabālum

akk-verb

wabālum (G, a-i, durative ubbal, perfect ittabal, preterite ubil, imperative bil)

ubbal (durative)
ittabal (perfect)
ubil (preterite)
bil (imperative)
wabālum (infinitive)
wābilum (participle)
wablum (adjective)
ubbal (durative first-person singular)
attabal (first-person perfect singular)
ubil (first-person preterite singular)
lubil (first-person imperative singular)
tubbal (durative masculine second-person singular)
tattabal (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tubil (masculine preterite second-person singular)
bil (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tubbalī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tattablī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tublī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
bilī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
ubbal (durative singular third-person)
ittabal (perfect singular third-person)
ubil (preterite singular third-person)
libil (imperative singular third-person)
nubbal (durative first-person plural)
nittabal (first-person perfect plural)
nubil (first-person plural preterite)
i nibil (first-person imperative plural)
tubbalā (durative plural second-person)
tattablā (perfect plural second-person)
tublā (plural preterite second-person)
bilā (imperative plural second-person)
ubbalū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ittablū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
ublū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
liblū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
ubbalā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ittablā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
ublā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
liblā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
wabālu (alternative)
babālum (alternative)
abālu (alternative Babylonian Standard)
ubālu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *wabal- (to carry). Cognate with Arabic وَبَلَ (wabala, “to carry much rain”) and Biblical Hebrew הוֹבִיל (hoḇil, “to lead, transport”).

cog

𒉺𒈾𒄠 𒉿𒁀𒈝

𒌒𒇴 𒉺𒉌𒅀

to carry (things, animals, people; life, prosperity; messages, dreams)


šaddaqdam

šaddaqda (alternative)
šaddaqdim (alternative)
šaddaqdi (alternative)
šaddagad (alternative)
šaddagdiš (alternative)

→ Aramaic:

desctree

Classical Syriac: ܐܫܬܩܕ, ܐܫܬܩܕܝ (ʾeštǝqaḏ[y])
→ Mishnaic Hebrew: אֶשְׁתָּקַד (ʾɛštɔqaḏ)
Israeli Hebrew: אֶשְׁתָּקַד (eshtakád)

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܫܸܬܩܲܕ݇ܝ (šitqay)

From 𒈬 (šattum, “year”) + 𒂵𒀜𒈬𒌝 (qadmum, “early, before”).


edûm

īde (preterite)
edû (alternative)
idûm (alternative)
idû (alternative)
idā'um (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *wadaʕ- (to know). Cognate with Arabic وَدَعَ (wadaʕa, “to place, leave”) and Biblical Hebrew יָדַע (yɔḏáʕ).

cog

𒋼𒈬𒌝 𒋳𒈠 𒌑𒍪𒌝 𒋳𒈠 𒋗𒌒𒊏𒄠 𒇻 𒄿𒁲

ṭe₄-mu-um šum-ma u₂-zu-um šum-ma ne-eḫ-tum šu-up-ra-am lu i-de

Write to me and let me know if that mood is one of anger or pacification.

to be experienced, familiar with, versed in


labirum

akk-adj

labirum (feminine labirtum, masculine plural labirūtum, feminine plural labirātum, predicative labir)

labirtum (feminine)
labirūtum (masculine plural)
labirātum (feminine plural)
labir (predicative)
labiru (alternative)
laberum (alternative)
laberu (alternative)
labru (alternative Babylonian Standard)

verbal adjective of labārum:
former, previous, long-standing

verbal adjective of labārum:
old-established

𒅆𒂠𒊏𒁉𒁶

(of tablets, nominalized) original, previous

verbal adjective of labārum:
original, previous


šeššig

From the cuneiform sign 𒊺 (še), used as a sort of diacritical element to create new signs.

word used to describe a sign that is expanded with a set of entangled marks. For example the sign 𒁽 is described as 𒁺𒊺𒋝 (DU-šeššig).


gunû

word used to describe a sign that is expanded with a variable number of either vertical, horizontal, or slanted lines, or an equally variable number of triangles. For example the sign 𒀕 is described as 𒀊𒄖𒉡𒌑 (AB-gunû), 𒋤 as 𒁍𒄖𒉡𒌑 (BU-gunû) , 𒁼 as 𒁺𒄖𒉡𒌑 (DU-gunû), etc.


tenû

word used to describe a sign written with an angle of inclination (45 degrees to the right, or rarely 90 degrees to the left). It can affect the whole sign or just a part of it. For example the sign 𒄕 is described as 𒄑𒋼𒉡𒌑 (GIŠ-tenû), 𒋔 as 𒉢𒋼𒉡𒌑 (ŠIR-tenû), etc.


lē'um

lē'ū (plural)
lē'u (alternative)
lēyu (alternative)
lû (alternative)

writing board (of wood, filled with wax).


šūtum

tlb

(from Old Babylonian on, Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian)

šūtu (alternative)
sūtum (alternative)
sūtu (alternative)


eṭemmum

eṭemmū (plural)
eṭemmu (alternative)
iṭemmum (alternative)
iṭemmu (alternative)
eṭammum (alternative)
eṭammu (alternative)


wāšipum

(Babylonian, Middle Assyrian, Neo-Assyrian)

From wašāpum (“to exorcise, enchant”) (only attested in the D-stem).

exorcist, incantation priest, magician, sorcerer


mūšam

(Old Babylonian, Mari, Boghazkeui, El-Amarna, Standard Babylonian)

Adverbial accusative of 𒈪 (mūšum, “night”).


Pazūzu

𒀀𒈾𒆪 𒀭𒅆𒊒𒍪𒍪 𒌉 𒀭𒄩𒀭𒁉 𒈗 𒇷𒇷𒂊 𒅆𒉡𒌅 𒀀𒈾 𒆳𒎌 𒆗𒉡𒌅 𒍑𒋻𒄿𒁉 𒂊𒆷𒀀 𒀀𒈾𒆪

a-na-ku ᵈpa₃-zu-zu DUMU ᵈḫa-an-bi LUGAL li-le-e lem-nu-tu a-na KUR.MEŠ dan-nu-tu uš-tar-i-bi e-la-a a-na-ku

I am Pazuzu, son of Ḫanbu, king of the evil lilû-demons. I was enraged (in violent motion) against the strong mountains and ascended them.

Pazuzu, an evil demon, king of the wind demons.


aššum

aššu (alternative)
aššumi (alternative)
ašša (alternative)
aššut (alternative)

From 𒀀𒈾 (ana, “for”) + 𒈬 (šumum, “because of”).

com

𒀸𒋳 𒀭𒉌𒁴

𒀸𒋳 𒍢𒅎𒁕𒀜 𒈗

𒀸𒋳 𒍪𒄩𒊑𒅎 𒊭 𒋫𒀸𒁍𒊏𒄠 𒁲𒅔𒋗𒌑 𒁍𒊒𒊓𒄠 𒍑𒋫𒅈𒅆

aš-šum ṣu₂-ḫa-ri-im ša ta-aš-pu-ra-am di-in-šu-u₂ pu-ru-sa-am uš-ta-ar-ši

Concerning the servant about whom you wrote to me, has he obtained a decision in his case?

concerning, regarding, on behalf of, on account of, because of


aššum

(Babylonian with conjunctive) because of (the fact that)

(Mari, Old Assyrian with present) in order to, so that

Old Babylonian; reported speech; Old Babylonian; reported speech


ṣimdatum

ṣimdātum (plural)
ṣimdatu (alternative)
ṣindatu (alternative)

From 𒇲 (ṣamādum, “to harness, to yoke”).

𒍣𒅎𒁕𒀜 𒈗

(Neo-Babylonian, only) temple regulation


ṣamādum

akk-verb

ṣamādum (G, i, durative iṣammid, perfect iṣṣamid, preterite iṣmid, imperative ṣimid)

iṣammid (durative)
iṣṣamid (perfect)
iṣmid (preterite)
ṣimid (imperative)
ṣamādum (infinitive)
ṣāmidum (participle)
ṣamdum (adjective)
aṣammid (durative first-person singular)
aṣṣamid (first-person perfect singular)
aṣmid (first-person preterite singular)
luṣmid (first-person imperative singular)
taṣammid (durative masculine second-person singular)
taṣṣamid (masculine perfect second-person singular)
taṣmid (masculine preterite second-person singular)
ṣimid (imperative masculine second-person singular)
taṣammidī (durative feminine second-person singular)
taṣṣamdī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
taṣmidī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
ṣimdī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
iṣammid (durative singular third-person)
iṣṣamid (perfect singular third-person)
iṣmid (preterite singular third-person)
liṣmid (imperative singular third-person)
niṣammid (durative first-person plural)
niṣṣamid (first-person perfect plural)
niṣmid (first-person plural preterite)
i niṣmid (first-person imperative plural)
taṣammidā (durative plural second-person)
taṣṣamdā (perfect plural second-person)
taṣmidā (plural preterite second-person)
ṣimdā (imperative plural second-person)
iṣammidū (durative masculine plural third-person)
iṣṣamdū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
iṣmidū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
liṣmidū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
iṣammidā (durative feminine plural third-person)
iṣṣamdā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
iṣmidā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
liṣmidā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
ṣamādu (alternative)
ṣemēdu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *ṣ̂amad- (“to yoke, harness”). Cognate with Arabic ضَمَدَ (ḍamada) and Biblical Hebrew צָמַד (ṣɔmáḏ).

inh

𒐊 𒂅 𒆬𒌓 𒇻𒊻𒈪𒁕𒄠𒈠 𒀀𒈾 𒂗𒅀 𒅗𒀀𒋫 𒇻𒊭𒁉𒆷𒄠

5 GIN₂ KU₃.BABBAR lu-uṣ-mi-da-am-ma a-na EN-ya ka-a-ta lu-ša-bi-la-am

I will prepare five shekels of silver and send them to you, my lord.


erretum

errētum (plural)
erretu (alternative)
arratum (alternative)
arratu (alternative)


ezzum

akk-adjective

ezzum (feminine ezzetum, masculine plural ezzūtum, feminine plural ezzētum, predicative ez)

ezzetum (feminine)
ezzūtum (masculine plural)
ezzētum (feminine plural)
ez (predicative)
ezzu (alternative)

𒄑𒍣𒀉 𒌉𒊩 𒀭𒀀𒉏

𒄿𒈾 𒀭𒎌 𒄑𒍝𒆪


gitmālum

akk-adj

gitmālum (feminine gitmāltum, masculine plural gitmālūtum, feminine plural gitmālātum)

gitmāltum (feminine)
gitmālūtum (masculine plural)
gitmālātum (feminine plural)
gitmālu (alternative)

From 𒂵𒈠𒈝 (gamālum, “to do a favour, be kind; to spare”).

𒈗 𒄀𒀉𒈠𒈝 𒀀𒈾𒆪

𒀭𒍝𒆍 𒀭𒌋𒁯 𒂗𒎌 𒄀𒀉𒈠𒇻𒌈


kadrum

kadrum (feminine kadirtum or kadratum, masculine plural kadrūtum, feminine plural kadrātum, predicative kadir)

kadirtum (feminine)
kadratum (feminine)
kadrūtum (masculine plural)
kadrātum (feminine plural)
kadir (predicative)
kadru (alternative)

wild, fierce, aggressive, rearing up, impetuous

verbal adjective of kadārum:
proud (deity or person)


šaḫāṭum

akk-verb

šaḫāṭum (G, i, durative išaḫḫiṭ, perfect ištaḫiṭ, preterite išḫiṭ, imperative šiḫiṭ)

išaḫḫiṭ (durative)
ištaḫiṭ (perfect)
išḫiṭ (preterite)
šiḫiṭ (imperative)
šaḫāṭum (infinitive)
šāḫiṭum (participle)
šaḫṭum (adjective)
ašaḫḫiṭ (durative first-person singular)
aštaḫiṭ (first-person perfect singular)
ašḫiṭ (first-person preterite singular)
lušḫiṭ (first-person imperative singular)
tašaḫḫiṭ (durative masculine second-person singular)
taštaḫiṭ (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tašḫiṭ (masculine preterite second-person singular)
šiḫiṭ (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tašaḫḫiṭī (durative feminine second-person singular)
taštaḫṭī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tašḫiṭī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
šiḫṭī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
išaḫḫiṭ (durative singular third-person)
ištaḫiṭ (perfect singular third-person)
išḫiṭ (preterite singular third-person)
lišḫiṭ (imperative singular third-person)
nišaḫḫiṭ (durative first-person plural)
ništaḫiṭ (first-person perfect plural)
nišḫiṭ (first-person plural preterite)
i nišḫiṭ (first-person imperative plural)
tašaḫḫiṭā (durative plural second-person)
taštaḫṭā (perfect plural second-person)
tašḫiṭā (plural preterite second-person)
šiḫṭā (imperative plural second-person)
išaḫḫiṭū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ištaḫṭū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
išḫiṭū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lišḫiṭū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
išaḫḫiṭā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ištaḫṭā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
išḫiṭā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lišḫiṭā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
šaḫāṭu (alternative)

to jump, leap, jump up, jump on, jump over

(body parts) to jerk, twitch, pulse, move spasmodically


marṣum

akk-adj

marṣum (feminine maruštum, masculine plural marṣūtum, feminine plural marṣātum, predicative maruṣ)

maruštum (feminine)
marṣūtum (masculine plural)
marṣātum (feminine plural)
maruṣ (predicative)
marṣu (alternative)

verbal adjective of marāṣum:
sick, diseased

verbal adjective of marāṣum:
difficult, severe, bitter, troublesome


šalmum

šalmum (feminine šalimtum, masculine plural šalmūtum, feminine plural šalmātum)

šalimtum (feminine)
šalmūtum (masculine plural)
šalmātum (feminine plural)
šalmu (alternative)

𒀀𒈾𒆪 𒊭𒀠𒈠𒆪

𒊭𒅆 𒌑𒌌 𒈪𒅎𒈠

𒇻𒌑 𒋾𒁲 𒄿𒉡𒈠 𒊭𒅆 𒈗 𒆠𒈠 𒀭𒌓 𒄿𒈾 𒀭𒊓𒈨𒂊

lu-u₂ ti-de i-nu-ma ša-lim LUGAL ki-ma ᵈUTU i-na ANˢᵃ⁻ᵐᵉ⁻ᵉ

Know that the king is well like the Sun in the heavens.

healthy, sound, intact, whole, entire, correct, proper, safe, reliable, truthful, favourable

verbal adjective of šalāmum:
solvent, financially sound


pušqum

akk-noun

pušqum m (construct state pušuq, plural pušqū)

pušuq (construct)
pušqū (plural)
pušqu (alternative)
pulqu (alternative Babylonian Middle)

Compare 𒉽𒄬 (pašāqum, “to become narrow, difficult”).

(transferred sense) distress, hardship, dire straits


rabûm

akk-adj

rabûm (feminine rabītum, masculine plural rabûtum, feminine plural rabiātum, predicative rabi)

rabītum (feminine)
rabûtum (masculine plural)
rabiātum (feminine plural)
rabi (predicative)
rabû (alternative)

𒀊𒉡𒌝 𒊏𒁉𒌈 𒄿𒍝𒀭𒉡𒌦

verbal adjective of rabûm:
main, principal

𒌉 𒅇 𒃲

verbal adjective of rabûm:
great, noble, important (person)


zanānum

akk-verb

zanānum (G, u, durative izannun, perfect izzanun, preterite iznun, imperative zunun)

izannun (durative)
izzanun (perfect)
iznun (preterite)
zunun (imperative)
zanānum (infinitive)
zāninum (participle)
zannum (adjective)
azannun (durative first-person singular)
azzanun (first-person perfect singular)
aznun (first-person preterite singular)
luznun (first-person imperative singular)
tazannun (durative masculine second-person singular)
tazzanun (masculine perfect second-person singular)
taznun (masculine preterite second-person singular)
zunun (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tazannunī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tazzannī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
taznunī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
zunnī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
izannun (durative singular third-person)
izzanun (perfect singular third-person)
iznun (preterite singular third-person)
liznun (imperative singular third-person)
nizannun (durative first-person plural)
nizzanun (first-person perfect plural)
niznun (first-person plural preterite)
i niznun (first-person imperative plural)
tazannunā (durative plural second-person)
tazzannā (perfect plural second-person)
taznunā (plural preterite second-person)
zunnā (imperative plural second-person)
izannunū (durative masculine plural third-person)
izzannū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
iznunū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
liznunū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
izannunā (durative feminine plural third-person)
izzannā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
iznunā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
liznunā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
zanānu (alternative)

Compare Biblical Hebrew זֶרֶם (zɛ́rɛm, “rain-storm”).

cog

𒅆𒉌𒋗 𒊭𒈬𒌝 𒄑𒉡𒌦

𒌓𒈬𒌝 𒋙𒈠 𒊭𒈬𒌑𒌝 𒌑𒌌 𒄿𒍝𒉡𒌦

UD-mu-um ŠU₂-ma ša-mu-u₂-um u₂-ul i-za-nu-un


šamûm

tlb

(Old Babylonian, Middle Babylonian, Standard Babylonian, Mari, Boghazkeui)

šamiātum (plural)
šamâtum (plural)
šamû (alternative)
šamūtum (alternative)
šamūtu (alternative)

𒊭𒈬𒌝 𒄿𒍝𒀭𒉡𒌦

𒌓𒎙𒐉𒄰 𒊭𒈬𒌝 𒆠𒁉𒀉𒌈 𒄿𒈾 𒈠𒌷𒆠 𒄿𒄑𒉡𒌦

UD.24.KAM ša-mu-um ki-bi-it-tum i-na ma-ri₂ᵏⁱ i-iz-nu-un

On the 24th there fell a heavy rain in Mari.


rīmum

rīmū (plural)
rīmu (alternative)
rēmu (alternative)
ri'mu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *riʔm- (wild bull). Cognate with Arabic رِئْم (riʔm) and Biblical Hebrew רְאֵם (rəʾem).


tamḫārum

(Old Akkadian, Old Babylonian, Middle Babylonian, Standard Babylonian, El-Amarna)

𒀭𒍝𒂷𒂷 𒀀𒊬 𒁮𒄩𒊑𒅎 𒄑𒆪𒋗 𒇷𒅖𒁉𒅕

ᵈza-ba₄-ba₄ a-šar tam₂-ha-ri-im GIŠ.TUKUL-šu li-iš-bi-ir


pašāqum

akk-verb

pašāqum (G, u, durative ipaššuq, perfect iptašuq, preterite ipšuq, imperative pušuq)

tlb

(Old Babylonian, Middle Babylonian, Middle Assyrian, Standard Babylonian)

ipaššuq (durative)
iptašuq (perfect)
ipšuq (preterite)
pušuq (imperative)
pašāqum (infinitive)
pāšiqum (participle)
pašqum (adjective)
apaššuq (durative first-person singular)
aptašuq (first-person perfect singular)
apšuq (first-person preterite singular)
lupšuq (first-person imperative singular)
tapaššuq (durative masculine second-person singular)
taptašuq (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tapšuq (masculine preterite second-person singular)
pušuq (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tapaššuqī (durative feminine second-person singular)
taptašqī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tapšuqī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
pušqī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
ipaššuq (durative singular third-person)
iptašuq (perfect singular third-person)
ipšuq (preterite singular third-person)
lipšuq (imperative singular third-person)
nipaššuq (durative first-person plural)
niptašuq (first-person perfect plural)
nipšuq (first-person plural preterite)
i nipšuq (first-person imperative plural)
tapaššuqā (durative plural second-person)
taptašqā (perfect plural second-person)
tapšuqā (plural preterite second-person)
pušqā (imperative plural second-person)
ipaššuqū (durative masculine plural third-person)
iptašqū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
ipšuqū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lipšuqū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
ipaššuqā (durative feminine plural third-person)
iptašqā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
ipšuqā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lipšuqā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
pašāqu (alternative)

Compare perhaps Arabic فَشَق (fašaq, “distance between two horns or two teats”).


sapḫum

akk-adj

sapḫum (feminine sapiḫtum, masculine plural sapḫūtum, feminine plural sapḫātum, predicative sapiḫ)

sapiḫtum (feminine)
sapḫūtum (masculine plural)
sapḫātum (feminine plural)
sapiḫ (predicative)
sapḫu (alternative)

𒍝𒀊𒄷𒌓 𒀀𒉿𒅆 𒄿𒉺𒄴𒄷𒊒

the man's scattered (relatives?) will come together again

verbal adjective of sapāḫum: scattered, dispersed


šanûm

šanûm (feminine šanītum, masculine plural šanûtum, feminine plural šaniātum)

šanītum (feminine)
šanûtum (masculine plural)
šaniātum (feminine plural)
šanû (alternative)

From 𒈫 (šinā). Cognate with Arabic ثَانٍ (ṯānin) and Biblical Hebrew שֵׁנִי (šení).

𒀀𒁉 𒀜𒋫 𒀀𒇲𒉡𒂵 𒀀𒁀𒄠 𒊭𒉌𒀀𒄠 𒌑𒆷 𒄿𒋗

a-bi at-ta a-la₂-nu-ka₃ a-ba-am ša-ni-a-am u₂-la i-šu

You are my father. I have no other father except you.

verbal adjective of šanûm:
second (of two or more), next, other

verbal adjective of šanûm:
(nominalised) something else, another

verbal adjective of šanûm:
something else, another


wašṭum

wašṭum (masculine plural wašṭūtum, feminine plural wašṭātum, predicative wašiṭ)

tlb

(Old Assyrian, Old Babylonian, Standard Babylonian)

wašṭūtum (masculine plural)
wašṭātum (feminine plural)
wašiṭ (predicative)
wašṭu (alternative)
ašṭu (alternative)
alṭu (alternative)

𒉌𒊺𒅎𒈨 𒅕𒉌𒋫𒋗 𒉿𒀸𒁕𒀜

We hear of his (Adad's) anger – it is fierce.

verbal adjective of wašāṭum:
strong, fierce

verbal adjective of wašāṭum:
hard, stiff

𒁲𒄿𒉡 𒊒𒉻𒈠 𒀀𒈾 𒆷𒈠𒁺 𒀾𒂅

The pronouncement is difficult and hard to understand.

verbal adjective of wašāṭum:
difficult, hard


simtum

akk-noun

simtum f (construct state simat, plural simātum)

simat (construct)
simātum (plural)
simtu (alternative)

𒄞𒄭𒀀 𒋛𒈠𒀜 𒂍𒃲 𒌑𒌌 𒄿𒁀𒀸𒅆

GUD.ḪI.A si-ma-at E₂.GAL u₂-ul i-ba-aš-ši

There are no oxen suitable for the palace.

𒁁𒈝 𒍣𒈠𒀜 𒄩𒀜𒁲𒅎 𒅇 𒀀𒄀𒅎

1755–1750 BCE, King Hammurabi of Babylon, translated by CDLI, Hammurabi Code, The Louvre, Prologue, lines III 25-27:

the lord (Hammurapi), worthy of the sceptre and crown

fitting, suitable, seemly, appropriate, necessary (said of people or things)


arkum

akk-adj

arkum (feminine ariktum, masculine plural arkūtum, feminine plural arkātum, predicative arik)

ariktum (feminine)
arkūtum (masculine plural)
arkātum (feminine plural)
arik (predicative)
arku (alternative)

𒌓𒎌 𒅈𒆪𒌑𒌈

verbal adjective of arākum:
long (time and size)


arākum

akk-verb

arākum (G, i, durative irrik, perfect ītarik, preterite īrik, imperative arik)

irrik (durative)
ītarik (perfect)
īrik (preterite)
arik (imperative)
arākum (infinitive)
ārikum (participle)
arkum (adjective)
arrik (durative first-person singular)
ātarik (first-person perfect singular)
ārik (first-person preterite singular)
lūrik (first-person imperative singular)
tarrik (durative masculine second-person singular)
tātarik (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tārik (masculine preterite second-person singular)
arik (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tarrikī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tātarkī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tārikī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
arkī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
irrik (durative singular third-person)
ītarik (perfect singular third-person)
īrik (preterite singular third-person)
līrik (imperative singular third-person)
nirrik (durative first-person plural)
nītarik (first-person perfect plural)
nīrik (first-person plural preterite)
i nīrik (first-person imperative plural)
tarrikā (durative plural second-person)
tātarkā (perfect plural second-person)
tārikā (plural preterite second-person)
arkā (imperative plural second-person)
irrikū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ītarkū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
īrikū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
līrikū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
irrikā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ītarkā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
īrikā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
līrikā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
arāku (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔarak- (“to be long”). Cognate with Arabic أَرَكَ (ʔaraka, “to remain, continue”) and Biblical Hebrew אָרֹךְ (ʔɔróḵ).


nidintum

akk-noun

nidintum f (construct state nidinti or niditti or nidnat)

nidinti (construct)
niditti (construct)
nidnat (construct)
nidintu (alternative)
nidittum (alternative)
nidittu (alternative)


bānûm

bānûm m (base bāni, plural bānû, feminine bānītum)

bānû (plural)
bānītum (feminine)
bānû (alternative)

𒄿𒇻 𒁀𒉡𒌑𒀀

(Middle Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian) builder


bīšum

bīšum m (construct state bīš or bīši, plural bīšū)

bīš (construct)
bīši (construct)
bīšū (plural)
bīšu (alternative)

possession, movable property, goods, valuables


sikkatum

sikkātum (plural)
sikkatu (alternative)
siggatu (alternative)

desc

→ Aramaic: סִכָּא (sikkā), סִכְּתָא (sikkəṯā)

→ Arabic: سَكّ (sakk), سَكِّيّ (sakkiyy), سِكَّة (sikka)

→ Mishnaic Hebrew: סִכָּה (sikkɔ́)

→ Israeli Hebrew: סִכָּה (siká)


sikkānum

tlb

(Old Babylonian, Standard Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian)

sikkānātum (feminine plural)
sikkānu (alternative)
sikkannu (alternative)
sikānum (alternative)
sikānu (alternative)

desctree

→ Arabic: سُكَّان (sukkān)
→ Azerbaijani: sükan
→ Persian: سکان (sokân)
→ Swahili: usukani

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒄑𒍣𒃶 (^(g̃eš)zi-gan /zigan/, “rudder”).


dārûm

akk-adj

dārûm (feminine dārītum, masculine plural dārûtum, feminine plural dāriātum, predicative dārī)

dārītum (feminine)
dārûtum (masculine plural)
dāriātum (feminine plural)
dārī (predicative)
dārû (alternative)
dārium (alternative)

From 𒁕𒀀𒀸 (dārum, “perpetuity”) + 𒄿 (-ī, nisba suffix).

af

𒋗𒈠𒄠 𒁕𒊑𒀀𒄠 𒊭 𒈗𒋾𒅀 𒇻 𒀸𒆪𒌦

šu-ma-am da-ri-a-am ša LUGAL-ti-ia lu aš-ku-un

I indeed established everlasting fame for my kingship.


ḫulqum

𒄷𒇻𒊌 𒁁𒂖 𒂍 𒄩𒇷𒅅

An object belonging to the owner of the house went missing.


girru

From Proto-Semitic *gVr- (“whelp”). Cognate with Arabic جَرْو (jarw, “cub”) and Biblical Hebrew גּוּר (gur, “cub”).

𒄿𒈾 𒉿𒄿 𒄫𒊑 𒀀𒆸𒅀
𒀉𒁲 𒀮𒊓𒈠 𒀭𒀫𒌓

c. 7th–9th C. BCE [c. 1300 BCE], Ludlul bēl nēmeqi, CDLI P491222, canto 5:

In the mouth of the lion devouring me
Marduk placed a bit.

i‐na pi‐i gir‐ri a‐kil‐ia
id‐di nap‐sa‐ma ᵈAMAR.UTU

𒍣𒅁 𒄞 𒐼 𒀭𒌨𒄞 𒄫𒀸

p. 1000 BCE, Lexical series Ea, composite number Q000156, archived from the original on 2023-01-29, tablet 4, entry 133:

[Sign:] 𒄞 [Pronunciation:] zib, as in 𒀭𒌨𒄞 (ᵈUR.ZIB₃ /urdib/, “lion”)


dalālum

akk-verb

dalālum (G, a-u, durative idallal, perfect iddalal, preterite idlul, imperative dulul)

idallal (durative)
iddalal (perfect)
idlul (preterite)
dulul (imperative)
dalālum (infinitive)
dālilum (participle)
dallum (adjective)
adallal (durative first-person singular)
addalal (first-person perfect singular)
adlul (first-person preterite singular)
ludlul (first-person imperative singular)
tadallal (durative masculine second-person singular)
taddalal (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tadlul (masculine preterite second-person singular)
dulul (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tadallalī (durative feminine second-person singular)
taddallī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tadlulī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
dullī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
idallal (durative singular third-person)
iddalal (perfect singular third-person)
idlul (preterite singular third-person)
lidlul (imperative singular third-person)
nidallal (durative first-person plural)
niddalal (first-person perfect plural)
nidlul (first-person plural preterite)
i nidlul (first-person imperative plural)
tadallalā (durative plural second-person)
taddallā (perfect plural second-person)
tadlulā (plural preterite second-person)
dullā (imperative plural second-person)
idallalū (durative masculine plural third-person)
iddallū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
idlulū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lidlulū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
idallalā (durative feminine plural third-person)
iddallā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
idlulā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lidlulā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
dalālu (alternative)


nēmequm

nēmequ (alternative)
nēmuqu (alternative)

experience, knowledge, wisdom, sagacity, skill


kânum

kânum (G, a-u, durative ikân, perfect iktūn, preterite ikūn, imperative kūn)

ikân (durative)
iktūn (perfect)
ikūn (preterite)
kūn (imperative)
kânum (infinitive)
kāinum (participle)
kīnum (adjective)
akân (durative first-person singular)
aktūn (first-person perfect singular)
akūn (first-person preterite singular)
lukūn (first-person imperative singular)
takân (durative masculine second-person singular)
taktūn (masculine perfect second-person singular)
takūn (masculine preterite second-person singular)
kūn (imperative masculine second-person singular)
takunnī (durative feminine second-person singular)
taktūnī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
takūnī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
kūnī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
ikân (durative singular third-person)
iktūn (perfect singular third-person)
ikūn (preterite singular third-person)
likūn (imperative singular third-person)
nikân (durative first-person plural)
niktūn (first-person perfect plural)
nikūn (first-person plural preterite)
i nikūn (first-person imperative plural)
takunnā (durative plural second-person)
taktūnā (perfect plural second-person)
takūnā (plural preterite second-person)
kūnā (imperative plural second-person)
ikunnū (durative masculine plural third-person)
iktūnū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
ikūnū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
likūnū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
ikunnā (durative feminine plural third-person)
iktūnā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
ikūnā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
likūnā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
kânu (alternative)
kuānum (alternative)
kuānu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *kawan- (“to be”). Cognate with Arabic كَانَ (kāna, “to be”) and Biblical Hebrew נָכוֹן (nɔḵón, “to be set up, established”).

cog

𒁹 𒇽 𒍪𒁀𒀜𒍪𒄿𒈾𒉺𒀝𒊑𒋗𒆷𒄿𒅗𒀭𒈠
𒈠𒂵𒀠 𒀉𒋫𒈾𒀸𒄩𒀜𒇽𒋗𒌑

c. 1900–1600 BCE, Franz Köcher, A. Leo Oppenheim, editors, AfO 18, 062-080 (omen text; clay tablet), published 1958, CDLI P491487, archived from the original on 2022-11-26, column 2, lines 8–9:

If a man’s garment does not stay firm on his body and
moves around a lot, that man […]

DIŠ LU₂ ṣu₂‐ba‐at‐su₂ i‐na pa‐ag‐ri‐šu la i‐ka‐an‐ma
ma‐ga‐al it‐ta‐na‐aš‐ḫa-aṭ LU₂ šu‐u₂ x x x [x]

𒁹 𒀯𒊕𒈨𒃻 𒀸 𒊺𒅕𒋾 𒅅𒌅𒌦 𒈗𒈨𒌍 𒉽𒈨𒌍 𒁲𒈨𒌍

722 BCE – 705 BCE, “CT 54 057”, in Manfried Dietrich, editor, Cuneiform texts from Babylonian tablets, volume 54, published 1979, →OCLC, plate 26; republished as “SAA 10 160”, in Simo Parpola, editor, State Archives of Assyria, volume 13 (priestly letter; clay tablet), Helsinki, 1993, CDLI P237220, line 11:

If Jupiter stands still in the evening, enemy kings will make peace.

DIŠ MUL.SAG.ME.GAR ina še-er-ti ik-tu-un LUGAL-MEŠ KUR₂-MEŠ SILIM-MEŠ


egu

igu (alternative)
egû (alternative)
agû (alternative)

→ Aramaic: חָגָּה (ḥāggā), ܚܵܓܵܐ (ḥāgā), ܚܲܓܵܐ (ḥaggā, “Alhagi”)

→ Arabic: حَاج (ḥāj, “Alhagi”)

a thorny plant, probably a kind of camelthorn


ibrum

akk-noun

ibrum m (construct state ibir, plural ibrū)

ibir (construct)
ibrū (plural)
ibru (alternative)
ebrum (alternative)
ebru (alternative)

From abārum (“to embrace”). Cognate with Arabic خَبِير (ḵabīr, “expert, someone who's well acquaninted with something”) and Biblical Hebrew חָבֵר (ḥɔḇér, “fellow, associate, companion”).

cog

𒅁𒊒 𒌑𒍣𒊏 𒄣𒊏𒁺 𒅆𒈨𒀀

𒀠𒆷𒉡𒊌𒅗 𒀀𒄩𒄠 𒅇 𒅁𒊏𒄠 𒌑𒆷 𒄿𒋗

al-la-nu-uk-ka a-ḫa-am u₃ eb-ra-am u₂-la i-šu

Apart from you, I have no friend nor fellow.

comrade, fellow, friend, colleague, peer, equal (a person of the same status or profession)


bīnum

tlb

(Old Akkadian, Standard Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian)

From Proto-Semitic *bin- (“son”). Cognate with Arabic اِبْن (ibn) and Biblical Hebrew בֵּן (ben).


šiṭrum

akk-noun

šiṭrum m (construct state šiṭir, plural šiṭrū)

šiṭir (construct)
šiṭrū (plural)
šiṭru (alternative)

text, inscription (any piece of writing)

𒅆𒁲𒅕 𒊭𒈨𒂊


tiāmtum

tiāmātum (plural)
tiāmtu (alternative)
tâmtum (alternative)
tâmtu (alternative)
tâmdu (alternative)
tântu (alternative)
tându (alternative)
têmtum (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *tihām-at- (sea). Cognate with Arabic تِهَامَة (tihāma) and Biblical Hebrew תְּהוֹם (təhóm).

(mythology) a mythological or deified locality


šaṭārum

tlb

(Standard Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, Late Babylonian)

šaṭṭāru (alternative)
šaṭārānu (alternative)

desc

→ Aramaic: שְׁטָרָא (šṭārā)

→ Aramaic: שְׁטָרָא (šṭārā), ܫܛܪܐ (šṭārā)

→ Arabic: سَطْر (saṭr)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܸܫܛܵܪܵܐ (išṭārā)

Mishnaic Hebrew: שְׁטָר (šəṭɔ́r)

Unknown. The noun is derived from the infinitive of the verb.

copy, exemplar, text, inscription, writing, written document


šaṭārum

akk-verb

šaṭārum (G, a-u, durative išaṭṭar, perfect ištaṭar, preterite išṭur, imperative šuṭur)

išaṭṭar (durative)
ištaṭar (perfect)
išṭur (preterite)
šuṭur (imperative)
šaṭārum (infinitive)
šāṭirum (participle)
šaṭrum (adjective)
ašaṭṭar (durative first-person singular)
aštaṭar (first-person perfect singular)
ašṭur (first-person preterite singular)
lušṭur (first-person imperative singular)
tašaṭṭar (durative masculine second-person singular)
taštaṭar (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tašṭur (masculine preterite second-person singular)
šuṭur (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tašaṭṭarī (durative feminine second-person singular)
taštaṭrī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tašṭurī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
šuṭrī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
išaṭṭar (durative singular third-person)
ištaṭar (perfect singular third-person)
išṭur (preterite singular third-person)
lišṭur (imperative singular third-person)
nišaṭṭar (durative first-person plural)
ništaṭar (first-person perfect plural)
nišṭur (first-person plural preterite)
i nišṭur (first-person imperative plural)
tašaṭṭarā (durative plural second-person)
taštaṭrā (perfect plural second-person)
tašṭurā (plural preterite second-person)
šuṭrā (imperative plural second-person)
išaṭṭarū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ištaṭrū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
išṭurū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lišṭurū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
išaṭṭarā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ištaṭrā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
išṭurā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lišṭurā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
šaṭāru (alternative)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܣܛܰܪ (sṭar, “to carve, write down”)

desctree

→ Old South Arabian: 𐩪𐩷𐩧 (s¹ṭr, “to write”)
→ Arabic: سَطَرَ (saṭara)


bašûm

akk-verb

bašûm (G, a-u, durative ibašši, perfect ibtaši, preterite ibši, imperative biši)

ibašši (durative)
ibtaši (perfect)
ibši (preterite)
biši (imperative)
bašûm (infinitive)
bāšûm (participle)
bašûm (adjective)
abašši (durative first-person singular)
abtaši (first-person perfect singular)
abši (first-person preterite singular)
lubši (first-person imperative singular)
tabašši (durative masculine second-person singular)
tabtaši (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tabši (masculine preterite second-person singular)
biši (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tabaššî (durative feminine second-person singular)
tabtašî (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tabšî (feminine preterite second-person singular)
bišî (feminine imperative second-person singular)
ibašši (durative singular third-person)
ibtaši (perfect singular third-person)
ibši (preterite singular third-person)
libši (imperative singular third-person)
nibašši (durative first-person plural)
nibtaši (first-person perfect plural)
nibši (first-person plural preterite)
i nibši (first-person imperative plural)
tabaššiā (durative plural second-person)
tabtašiā (perfect plural second-person)
tabšiā (plural preterite second-person)
bišiā (imperative plural second-person)
ibaššû (durative masculine plural third-person)
ibtašû (masculine perfect plural third-person)
ibšû (masculine plural preterite third-person)
libšû (imperative masculine plural third-person)
ibaššiā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ibtašiā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
ibšiā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
libšiā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
bašû (alternative)

Unknown. Huehnergard explains it as a derivation from Proto-Semitic *bV- (“in”) and Proto-Semitic *šuʔa (“it”), comparing it to colloquial Arabic فيه (fī, “there is/are”, literally “in it”) and Ge'ez ቦ (bo, “there is/are”, literally “in it”).

cog

𒄿𒈾 𒅗𒀊𒊑𒅎 𒁀𒊒𒌝 𒌑𒌌 𒄿𒁀𒀸𒅆

i-na ka-ap-ri-im ba-ru-um u₂-ul i-ba-aš-ši

to exist, to be there, present, available


qiāšum

akk-verb

qiāšum (G, a-i, durative iqīaš, perfect iqtīš, preterite iqīš, imperative qīš)

iqīaš (durative)
iqtīš (perfect)
iqīš (preterite)
qīš (imperative)
qiāšum (infinitive)
qāišum (participle)
qīšum (adjective)
aqīaš (durative first-person singular)
aqtīš (first-person perfect singular)
aqīš (first-person preterite singular)
luqīš (first-person imperative singular)
taqīaš (durative masculine second-person singular)
taqtīš (masculine perfect second-person singular)
taqīš (masculine preterite second-person singular)
qīš (imperative masculine second-person singular)
taqiššī (durative feminine second-person singular)
taqtīšī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
taqīšī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
qīšī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
iqīaš (durative singular third-person)
iqtīš (perfect singular third-person)
iqīš (preterite singular third-person)
liqīš (imperative singular third-person)
niqīaš (durative first-person plural)
niqtīš (first-person perfect plural)
niqīš (first-person plural preterite)
i niqīš (first-person imperative plural)
taqiššā (durative plural second-person)
taqtīšā (perfect plural second-person)
taqīšā (plural preterite second-person)
qīšā (imperative plural second-person)
iqiššū (durative masculine plural third-person)
iqtīšū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
iqīšū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
liqīšū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
iqiššā (durative feminine plural third-person)
iqtīšā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
iqīšā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
liqīšā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
qiāšu (alternative)
qâšu (alternative)

Compare Arabic قَاسَ (qāsa, “to measure”).

to bestow, give, grant, make a votive offering


qīštum

akk-noun

qīštum f (construct state qīšti or qīšat, pronominal state qīšta, plural qīšātum)

qīšti (construct)
qīšat (construct)
qīšta (pronominal-state)
qīšātum (plural)
qīštu (alternative)
qīltum (alternative)
qīltu (alternative)

Substantivized feminine form of qīšum (bestowed, granted).

gift (presented to gods), votive offering


siparrum

Possibly from Sumerian 𒌓𒅗𒁇 (zabar, “bronze”).


šubultum

tlb

(Old Babylonian, Standard Babylonian, Middle Assyrian)

šubullātum (plural)
šubultu (alternative)
šubiltu (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *šu(n)bulat- (“spike”). Cognate with Arabic سُنْبُلَة (sunbula) and Biblical Hebrew שִׁבֹּלֶת (šibbólɛṯ).


išûm

From Proto-Semitic *yṯw- (to be). Cognate with Biblical Hebrew יֵשׁ (yéš) and Ugaritic 𐎛𐎘 (ỉṯ, “presence, existence”).


kārum

kārū (plural)
kāru (alternative)
karru (alternative)

(Old Babylonian) price of a unit of merchandise


naṣārum

akk-verb

naṣārum (G, a-u, durative inaṣṣar, perfect ittaṣar, preterite iṣṣur, imperative iṣur)

inaṣṣar (durative)
ittaṣar (perfect)
iṣṣur (preterite)
iṣur (imperative)
naṣārum (infinitive)
nāṣirum (participle)
naṣrum (adjective)
anaṣṣar (durative first-person singular)
attaṣar (first-person perfect singular)
aṣṣur (first-person preterite singular)
luṣṣur (first-person imperative singular)
tanaṣṣar (durative masculine second-person singular)
tattaṣar (masculine perfect second-person singular)
taṣṣur (masculine preterite second-person singular)
uṣur (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tanaṣṣarī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tattaṣrī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
taṣṣurī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
uṣrī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
inaṣṣar (durative singular third-person)
ittaṣar (perfect singular third-person)
iṣṣur (preterite singular third-person)
liṣṣur (imperative singular third-person)
ninaṣṣar (durative first-person plural)
nittaṣar (first-person perfect plural)
niṣṣur (first-person plural preterite)
i niṣṣur (first-person imperative plural)
tanaṣṣarā (durative plural second-person)
tattaṣrā (perfect plural second-person)
taṣṣurā (plural preterite second-person)
uṣrā (imperative plural second-person)
inaṣṣarū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ittaṣrū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
iṣṣurū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
liṣṣurū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
inaṣṣarā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ittaṣrā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
iṣṣurā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
liṣṣurā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
naṣaru (alternative)
non-mimated (alternative)

Compare Aramaic נְטַר (nəṭar, “to watch, guard”), Classical Syriac ܢܛܲܪ (nəṭar, “to watch”), Arabic نَظَرَ (naẓara, literally “to watch”), Biblical Hebrew נָצַר (nɔṣár, “to keep, maintain”).

cog

𒌋 𒂟 𒍝𒁍𒌝 𒊭 𒀀𒁍𒌌𒆷𒁴 𒄿𒈾𒍝𒊒 𒌑𒌌 𒈠𒀜

10 ERIN₂ ṣa-bu-um ša a-bu-ul-la-tim i-na-ṣa-ru u₂-ul ma-ad

Ten men who are to guard the main gate are not enough.


šâlu

Compare Hebrew שׁאל, Arabic سَأَلَ (saʔala), Ge'ez ሰአለ (säʾälä).


akkadûm

akk-adj

akkadûm (feminine akkadītum, masculine plural akkadûtum, feminine plural akkadiātum, predicative akkadī)

akkadītum (feminine)
akkadûtum (masculine plural)
akkadiātum (feminine plural)
akkadī (predicative)
akkadû (alternative)

From 𒌵𒆠 (Akkade, “Akkad”) + 𒄿 (-ī, nisba suffix).

af

𒄑𒈿𒌵𒆠


parādum

akk-verb

parādum (G, i, durative iparrid, perfect iptarid, preterite iprid, imperative parid)

iparrid (durative)
iptarid (perfect)
iprid (preterite)
parid (imperative)
parādum (infinitive)
pāridum (participle)
pardum (adjective)
aparrid (durative first-person singular)
aptarid (first-person perfect singular)
aprid (first-person preterite singular)
luprid (first-person imperative singular)
taparrid (durative masculine second-person singular)
taptarid (masculine perfect second-person singular)
taprid (masculine preterite second-person singular)
pirid (imperative masculine second-person singular)
taparridī (durative feminine second-person singular)
taptardī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tapridī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
pirdī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
iparrid (durative singular third-person)
iptarid (perfect singular third-person)
iprid (preterite singular third-person)
liprid (imperative singular third-person)
niparrid (durative first-person plural)
niptarid (first-person perfect plural)
niprid (first-person plural preterite)
i niprid (first-person imperative plural)
taparridā (durative plural second-person)
taptardā (perfect plural second-person)
tapridā (plural preterite second-person)
pirdā (imperative plural second-person)
iparridū (durative masculine plural third-person)
iptardū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
ipridū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lipridū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
iparridā (durative feminine plural third-person)
iptardā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
ipridā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lipridā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
parādu (alternative)

𒇷𒅁𒁀𒄠 𒉺𒊏𒌈

𒊭𒀠𒈠𒆪 𒈪𒅎𒈠 𒇷𒅁𒁀𒅗 𒆷 𒄿𒁀𒊑𒀉

ša-al-ma-ku mi-im-ma li-ib-ba-ka la i-pa₂-ri-id

to be scared, terrified, fearful, disturbed, upset, restless


pašāḫum

pašāḫum (G, a, durative ipaššaḫ, perfect iptašaḫ, preterite ipšaḫ, imperative pišaḫ)

ipaššaḫ (durative)
iptašaḫ (perfect)
ipšaḫ (preterite)
pišaḫ (imperative)
pašāḫum (infinitive)
pāšiḫum (participle)
pašḫum (adjective)
apaššaḫ (durative first-person singular)
aptašaḫ (first-person perfect singular)
apšaḫ (first-person preterite singular)
lupšaḫ (first-person imperative singular)
tapaššaḫ (durative masculine second-person singular)
taptašaḫ (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tapšaḫ (masculine preterite second-person singular)
pašaḫ (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tapaššaḫī (durative feminine second-person singular)
taptašḫī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tapšaḫī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
pašḫī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
ipaššaḫ (durative singular third-person)
iptašaḫ (perfect singular third-person)
ipšaḫ (preterite singular third-person)
lipšaḫ (imperative singular third-person)
nipaššaḫ (durative first-person plural)
niptašaḫ (first-person perfect plural)
nipšaḫ (first-person plural preterite)
i nipšaḫ (first-person imperative plural)
tapaššaḫā (durative plural second-person)
taptašḫā (perfect plural second-person)
tapšaḫā (plural preterite second-person)
pašḫā (imperative plural second-person)
ipaššaḫū (durative masculine plural third-person)
iptašḫū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
ipšaḫū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lipšaḫū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
ipaššaḫā (durative feminine plural third-person)
iptašḫā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
ipšaḫā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lipšaḫā (feminine imperative plural third-person)
pašāḫu (alternative)

Compare Ge'ez ተፈሥሐ (täfäśśəḥä, “to rejoice, be glad”) and Sabaean 𐩠𐩰𐩦𐩢 (hfs²ḥ, “to cause to rejoice”).

cog

𒇷𒅁𒁉 𒅁𒊭𒄴

𒊺𒁉 𒅎𒊏𒊍𒈠 𒅁𒋫𒊭𒄴𒈠 𒊭𒀠𒈠𒆪

še-pi₂ im-ra-aṣ-ma ip-ta-ša-aḫ-ma ša-al-ma-ku

My foot hurt, but then got better, I'm fine.

to calm down, be(come) appeased, relaxed, tranquil, content, be at rest


damqiš

𒁮𒆪𒌝 (damqum, “good; kind”) + 𒅖 (-iš, terminative adverbial suffix)


šuttum

šunātum (plural)
šuttu (alternative)
šunatum (alternative poetic)
šunatu (alternative poetic)

From Proto-Semitic *šin-at- (sleep). Cognate with Arabic سِنَة (sina, “nap, slumber”) and Biblical Hebrew שֵׁנָה (šenɔ́, “sleep”).


šīnātum

tlb

(Old Akkadian, Old Babylonian, Boghazkeui, Standard Babylonian)

From Proto-Semitic *ṯyn (to urinate). Cognate with Arabic مَثَانَة (maṯāna, “bladder”) and Biblical Hebrew שַׁיִן (šáyin, “urine”).


izuzzum

akk-verb

izuzzum (G, a-i, durative izzaz, perfect ittaziz, preterite izziz, imperative iziz)

izzaz (durative)
ittaziz (perfect)
izziz (preterite)
iziz (imperative)
izuzzu (alternative)
uzuzzum (alternative)
uzuzzu (alternative)

From the N stem of an original II-w verb *zâzum.

(astrology) to be present, visible, in position

to help, stand by, support, welcome, side with

to stay, reside, dwell, occupy an office


kaṣûm

akk-adj

kaṣûm (feminine kaṣītum, masculine plural kaṣûtum, feminine plural kaṣiātum, predicative kaṣi)

kaṣītum (feminine)
kaṣûtum (masculine plural)
kaṣiātum (feminine plural)
kaṣi (predicative)
kaṣû (alternative)

verbal adjective of kaṣûm (“to be(come) cold”):


šuburrum

From Proto-Semitic *ŝVbVr- (“hind parts”). Cognate with Ugaritic 𐎌𐎁𐎗 (šbr, “anus”) and Tigre ሽብር (šəbər, “rump”).

(please add the primary text of this usage example)
[tušabšal tašaḫḫal tukaṣṣa lū baḫir ana šuburrīšu tašappa]
You boil (the remedy), strain it, let it cool, but it should be still hot when you pour it into his anus.

(please add the primary text of this usage example)
[ubāna teppuš ana šuburrīšu tašakkan]
You make a suppository and introduce it into his rectum.

rump, bottom, rear, buttocks, rectum, anus


ūmišam

𒌓 (ūmum, “day”) + 𒄿𒊭𒄠 (-išam, adverbial ending with distributive meaning).

af

𒊮𒅗 𒇷𒁲𒅁 𒌓𒈪𒊭𒄠


mimma šumšu

𒀭𒌓 𒁀𒌒 𒅗𒀠 𒈪𒅎𒈠 𒋗𒌝𒋗


serdum

𒉌𒄑 𒁍𒁲


titūrum

titūrātum (plural)
titūru (alternative)
titurru (alternative)


bakûm

akk-verb

bakûm (G, i, durative ibakki, perfect ibtaki, preterite ibki, imperative biki)

ibakki (durative)
ibtaki (perfect)
ibki (preterite)
biki (imperative)
bakû (alternative)

Cognate with Arabic بَكَى (bakā) and Biblical Hebrew בָּכָה (bɔḵɔ́).


Sāmerīna

From Biblical Hebrew שֹׁמְרוֹן (šomə̆rón).

The ancient capital of the northern Kingdom of Israel, modern Sebastia in the West Bank.

an ancient Assyrian province encompassing the central hill country of Palestine, mostly in the northern part of modern West Bank.


Sāmerīnaya

From 𒆳𒊓𒈨𒊑𒈾 (Sāmerīna, “Samaria”) + 𒄿 (-ī, nisba suffix).


ašāgum

Unknown. Compare perhaps Arabic شَوْك (šawk, “thorn”), عَوْسَج (ʕawsaj), and Biblical Hebrew שֵׂךְ (śeḵ, “thorn”).

a common spiny plant, perhaps a camelthorn


kurûm

akk-adj

kurûm (feminine kurītum, masculine plural kurûtum, feminine plural kuriātum, predicative kuri)

kurītum (feminine)
kurûtum (masculine plural)
kuriātum (feminine plural)
kuri (predicative)
kurû (alternative)

𒊭 𒍠 𒆸𒁕𒈠 𒊭 𒆏 𒁍𒁕

The right one is short, the left one, long.

verbal adjective of karûm:
short (time and size)

verbal adjective of karûm:
(nominalized) short (person), dwarf

verbal adjective of karûm:
short (person), dwarf


Elamtu

desc

→ Arabic: عِيلَام (ʕīlām)

→ Arabic: عِيلَام (ʕīlām)

→ Biblical Hebrew: עֵילָם (ʕelɔ́m)

→ English: Elam

Elam (an ancient civilization and empire in modern southwestern Iran, existing between c. 3200 BCE and 539 BCE)


mīnum

mīnu (alternative)
minû (alternative Babylonian)
minûm (alternative Babylonian)

From Proto-Semitic *mīn- (“what”). Cognate with Ge'ez ምንት (mənt) and Ugaritic 𐎎𐎐𐎎 (mnm, “whatever, anything”).

cog

𒈪𒉆 𒂊𒇷𒅀 𒋾𒋗

(interrogative) why?, what for?, for what reason?


mīnum

𒈪𒉡𒌝 𒌑𒌌 𒊏𒁉

𒀉𒋾 𒀲𒆳𒊏𒎌 𒆷 𒈪𒉆


ḫamuttam

Adverbial accusative of 𒄩𒈬𒌓𒌈 (ḫamuttum, “haste”).


šapārum

akk-verb

šapārum (G, a-u, durative išappar, perfect ištapar, preterite išpur, imperative šupur)

išappar (durative)
ištapar (perfect)
išpur (preterite)
šupur (imperative)
šapāru (alternative)

Unknown. Compare Arabic سَافَرَ (sāfara).

to send word (written or spoken), a message, a report, to write to

to give orders, command, govern, rule, administer