Marduk

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒀭𒀫𒌓 (ᵈamar-utu /Marduk/, literally “calf of the sun”).

bor

𒀀𒈾 𒈗 𒂗𒅀
𒀴𒅗 𒁹𒁕𒁲𒄿
𒇻 𒁲𒈬 𒀀𒈾 𒈗 𒂗𒅀
𒀭𒉺 𒀭𒀫𒌓 𒀀𒈾 𒈗
𒂗𒅀 𒌨𒊒𒁍

680–631 BCE, “ABL 0727”, in Robert F. Harper, editor, Assyrian and Babylonian Letters (priestly letter; clay tablet), published 1892–1914, CDLI P334516; republished as “SAAS 13 020”, in Peter Machinist, Steven W. Cole, editors, State Archives of Assyria, volume 13, Helsinki, 1999, lines 1–5:

To my lord the king, your servant Dadî. Good health to my lord the king. May Nabû and Marduk bless my lord the king.

a-na LUGAL EN-ia
ARAD-ka ᵐda-di-i
lu SILIM-mu a-na LUGAL EN-ia
ᵈPA ᵈAMAR.UTU a-na LUGAL
EN-ia lik-ru-bu

Marduk (chief god of Babylon, later king of the gods)


Adad

Adad (the god of storm, identified with the Sumerian god Ishkur, son of Anu or Enlil)


Ištar

→ English: Ishtar

→ Finnish: Ištar

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܸܣܬܪܵܐ (ʾestrā)

→ Mandaic: ࡏࡎࡕࡏࡓࡀ (ʿestira)

From Proto-Semitic *ʕaṯtar-. Cognate with Arabic عَثْتَر (ʕaṯtar) and Biblical Hebrew עַשְׁתֹּרֶת (ʕaštórɛṯ).

Ishtar (goddess of love and war, associated with the planet Venus, corresponding to the Sumerian Inanna)


𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣

desctree

→ Old Persian: 𐎢𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎬𐎢 (ʰUfrātuš)
→ Elamite:
Achaemenid Elamite: 𒌑𒅁𒊏𒌅𒅖 (ú-ip-ra-du-iš /Uipraduiš/)
→ Ancient Greek: Εὐφράτης (Euphrátēs)
Greek: Ευφράτης (Effrátis)
→ Latin: Euphrātēs

→ Arabic: الْفُرَات (al-furāt)
→ Northern Kurdish: Firat, Ferat
→ Ottoman Turkish: فرات (furat, fırat)
Turkish: Fırat
→ Persian: فرات (forât)
→ Azerbaijani: Fərat
→ Bengali: ফোরাত (phōrat)
→ Hindi: फ़रात (farāt)
→ Punjabi: ਫ਼ਰਾਤ (farāt)

→ Classical Syriac: ܦܪܬ (P(ə)rāṯ)

desc

→ Hebrew: פְּרָת

→ Hebrew: פְּרָת

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣 (^(id₂)Buranun).


𒅀𒁀𒊓

Jebus, the Caananite settlement of Jerusalem prior to its conquest by King David circa 1000 BC


𒅀𒁉𒊓

Jebus, the Canaanite settlement of Jerusalem prior to its conquest by King David circa 1000 BC


𒂗𒈗𒋀

Bêl-šarra-uṣṣur from earlier *baʿal-śarra-unṣur, literally “May the Lord Protect the King.” Composed of 𒂗 (EN /bêl/, “lord”), 𒈗 (LUGAL /šarru/, “king”), and 𒋀 (URI₃ /uṣṣur/), assimilated from earlier *unṣur, jussive form of naṣāru (“to protect”). Comparable in meaning to the English expression God Save the King!


𒄩𒍝𒆥𒀀𒌑

ḫa-za-qí-a-ú (romanization)
Khazakiyow (romanization)

Borrowed from Hebrew חִזְקִיָּ֫הוּ (chizkiyáhu, “Hezekiah”).

bor

חִזְקִיָּ֫הוּ

𒀀𒈾 𒁹𒄩𒍝𒆥𒀀𒌑 𒆳𒅀𒌑𒁕𒀀𒀀 𒀉𒁲𒉡𒋗 𒅘𒊕 𒀀𒈾 𒀭𒉣𒇷 𒄿𒋤𒋗

had given him over to Hezekiah of Judah, he kept him in confinement like an enemy

a-na ᵐḫa-za-qí-a-ú ˡia-ú-da-ai id-di-nu-šu nak-riš a-na an-zil-li i-sir-šu


𒅀𒌑𒄩𒍣

ia-ú-ha-zi (romanization)
Ya'ukhazi (romanization)

Borrowed from Hebrew יְהוֹאָחָז (yeho'achaz, “Ahaz”).

Nimrud Slab, II R 10.2 28, 29

𒆳𒅀𒌑𒄩𒍣 𒁹𒅀𒌑𒁕𒀀𒀀


𒅀𒌑𒁕𒀀𒀀

Hebrew יְהוּדִי (yəhûḏî)

𒀀𒈾 𒁹𒄩𒍝𒆥𒀀𒌑 𒆳𒅀𒌑𒁕𒀀𒀀 𒀉𒁲𒉡𒋗 𒅘𒊕 𒀀𒈾 𒀭𒉣𒇷 𒄿𒋤𒋗

a-na ᵐḫa-za-qí-a-ú ˡia-ú-da-a-a id-di-nu-šu nak-riš a-na an-zil-li i-sir-šu

𒆳𒅀𒌑𒄩𒍣 𒁹𒅀𒌑𒁕𒀀𒀀
ˡia-ú-ha-zi ᵐia-ú-da-a-a

Judean, of Judah, an Iron Age tribal grouping, and later kingdom, of Northwest Semites


𒈨𒈾𒋛𒄿

me-na-si-i (romanization)
Menasi (romanization)

Borrowed from Hebrew מְנַשֶּׁה (menaše).

Esarhaddon Prism B

𒆳𒁀𒀪𒇻 𒈗 𒆳𒀫𒊒 𒆳𒈨𒈾𒋛𒄿 𒈗 𒆳𒅀𒌑𒁲

Ba'alu, king of Tyre, Manasseh, king of Judah

ᵐba-'-lu ṡar ˡṣur-ri ᵐme-na-si-i ṡar ˡia-u-di


𒀸𒅗𒇻𒈾

Perhaps from Northwest Semitic; compare Hebrew אַשְׁקְלוֹן (′ašqəlōn).

cog

Hebrew אַשְׁקְלוֹן (′ašqəlōn)

Amarna letter EA 287, lines 14-16

𒀀𒈥 𒆳 𒌷𒄤𒊑𒆠 𒆳 𒌷𒀸𒅗𒇻𒈾𒆠 𒌑 𒌷𒆷[𒆠]𒅆𒆠 𒄿𒁷𒉡 𒀀𒈾 𒊭𒋢𒉡 𒃻𒄭𒀀 𒉌𒄭𒀀 𒌑 𒈪𒅎𒈠 𒈠𒄴𒍣𒊏𒈬

Consider the lands of Gezer, Ashkelon, and La[chi]sh. They have given them food, oils, and any other requirement.

a-mur KUR ᵘʳᵘGAZ-riᵏⁱ KUR ᵘʳᵘaš-qa-lu-naᵏⁱ u₃ ᵘʳᵘla-[ki]-šiᵏⁱ i-din-nu a-na ša-šu-nu NIG₂.HA₂ I₃.HA₂ u₃ mi-im-ma ma-ah-cí-ra-mu


𒈪𒄑𒊑𒄿

mi-iṣ-ri-i (romanization)
Miṣri (romanization)

From a common Semitic source, compare alternate Akkadian 𒈬𒀫 (mu-ṣur /Muṣur/), Hebrew מִצְרַיִם (Mīṣrayīm), and Ugaritic 𐎎𐎕𐎗𐎎 (Miṣrāma).

𒀀𒈾 𒉌𒅁𒄷𒌨𒊑𒊑𒅀 𒈗 𒆳⸢𒈪⸣[𒄑𒊑𒄿]
a-na ni-ip-ḫu-ur-ri-ri-ia LUGAL ᴷᵁᴿ⸢mi⸣-[iṣ-ri-i]

To Tutankhamun, king of the Land of Egypt


𒉌𒅅𒆪𒌑

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𒉌𒅅𒆪𒌑 • (Nikuʾú)

Necho I, a pharaoh of the 26th dynasty of Egypt.


𒀭𒇸

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒆤𒇲 (LIL₂.LA₂ /lili/, “wandering spirit; father of Gilgamesh”).

bor

→ Hebrew: לִילִית

𒇽𒆤𒇲 m (lúLIL₂.LA₂ /Lilû/), 𒊩𒆤𒇲 f (munusLIL₂.LA₂ /Lilītu/, “a wandering demon that preys on pregnant women and children”)

𒄞𒀭𒈾

demonic power; ghost; Bull of Heaven, Taurus


𒉌𒅁𒄷𒊑𒊑𒅀

𒉌𒅁𒄷𒌨𒊑𒊑𒅀 (canonical)
Ni-ip-ḫu-ur-re-re-ya (romanization)


Šarrum-kīn

Šarru-kīn (alternative)
Šarru-kēn (alternative)

From 𒈗 (šarrum, “king”) + status absolutus of 𒄀𒈾 (kīnum, “righteous, legitimate”), meaning "the king is legitimate".

Sargon of Akkad, Sargon the Great (the first ruler of the Akkadian Empire)

Either of two Assyrian kings (Sargon I and Sargon II)


Bābilim

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Βαβυλών (Babulṓn)
Greek: Βαβυλών (Vavylón), Βαβυλώνα (Vavylóna)
Latin: Babylōn
Russian: Вавилон (Vavilon)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܒܒܠ (bāḇel)

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Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: בָבֶל (bāḇel)

Mandaic: ࡁࡀࡁࡉࡋ (bābīl)

→ Arabic: بَابِل (bābil)

→ Middle Persian: bʾbyl

Persian: بابل (bâbel)

→ Egyptian: bbr b-b-r:Z1-N25

→ Biblical Hebrew: בָּבֶל (bɔḇɛ́l)

→ Israeli Hebrew: בָּבֶל (bavél)

→? Old Armenian: բաւիղ (bawił, “labyrinth”), բաւիլ (bawil), բաւեղ (baweł)

→ Old Persian: 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐏁 (bābiruš)

→ Sumerian: 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 (ka₂ dig̃ir-raᵏⁱ /kan dig̃irak/, literally “gate of god”) (calque)

The ancient interpretation by Akkadian speakers of the city name as bāb (“gate”) + ilim (“of god”) is likely a folk etymology, later translated into Sumerian and written 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 (ka₂ dig̃ir-raᵏⁱ /kan dig̃irak/, literally “gate of god”). More at Babylon.


Urarṭu

Compare with Biblical Hebrew אֲרָרָט (ʾărɔrɔ́ṭ, “Ararat”), Old Armenian Այրարատ (Ayrarat, “Ayrarat”) and Ancient Greek Ἀλαρόδιοι (Alaródioi).

cog

Urartu (a country north of Assyria occupying the mountainous area around Lake Van and enemy of Assyria in the first millennium BCE)


Ninua

Unknown. Possibly etymologically connected to 𒄩 (nūnum, “fish”). For more details, see Nineveh (Name).

Nineveh (capital city of Assyria in the late VIII and VII centuries BCE)


Enūma Eliš

From 𒂊𒉡𒈠 (enūma, “when”) and 𒂊𒇺 (eliš, “up above”), the opening words of the myth.

𒋗𒌑 𒀸 𒊮 𒂊𒉡𒈠 𒂊𒇺 𒅅𒁲𒁉 𒆠𒄿 𒀭𒂊 𒆠𒁴 𒆷 𒅁𒁀𒉡𒉌 𒀭𒊹 𒀉𒋰𒅆
[šū ina libbi Enūma Eliš iqṭibi kī šamê qaqqara lā ibbannûni Aššur ittabši]
šu-u₂ ina ŠA₃ e-nu-ma e-liš iq-⸢ṭi-bi⸣ ki-i AN-e KI.TIM la ib-ba-nu-ni AN.ŠAR₂ it-[tab-ši]
It is said in Enuma Eliš: When heaven and earth were not created, Aššur came [into being].

The Enûma Eliš (lit. "when on high"), an Ancient Mesopotamian creation myth named after its opening words.


Idiglat

Idigina (alternative)
Idiqlat (alternative)
Diglat (alternative)

desctree

→ Old Persian: 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠 (Tigrā)
→ Ancient Greek: Τίγρης (Tígrēs), Τῐ́γρῐς (Tĭ́grĭs)
Greek: Τίγρης (Tígris), Τίγρητας (Tígritas)
→ Armenian: Տիգրիս (Tigris)
→ Latin: Tigris (see there for further descendants)
→ Elamite:
Achaemenid Elamite: 𒋾𒅅𒊏 (ti-ik-ra /Tikra/)

→ Aramaic: דיגלת (diḡlāṯ)

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܕܩܠܬ

Classical Syriac: ܕܩܠܬ (deqlāṯ)

→ Hebrew: חִדֶּקֶל (ḥiddéqel)

→ Latin: Diglitus

→ Middle Persian: 𐭣𐭢𐭫𐭲𐭩 (dglty)

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (^(id₂)idigna /Idigna/, “Tigris”).


Ausi'i

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew הוֹשֵׁעַ (hošéaʕ).

𒆳𒂍 𒄷𒌝𒊑𒀀 𒀀𒈾 𒄀𒂇𒋾𒋙 𒀝𒋤 ... 𒀀𒁲 𒈥𒅆𒋾𒋙𒉡 𒀀𒈾 𒆳 𒀸𒋩𒆠 𒌑𒊏𒀀
𒁹𒀀𒌑𒋛𒀪 𒀀𒈾 𒈗𒌑𒋾 𒄿𒈾 𒌋𒅗𒋙𒉡 𒀾𒆲
[bīt Ḫumria ana gimirtīšu akšud ... adi maršītīšunu ana māt Aššur ūrâ
Ausi'i ana šarrūti ina muḫḫīšunu aškun]
KUR.E₂-ḫu-um-ri-a a-na gi-mir-ti-šu₂ ak-šud... a-di mar-ši-ti-šu₂-nu a-na KUR aš-šurᵏⁱ u₂-ra-a
... ᵐa-u₂-si-'i a-na LUGAL-u₂-ti ina UGU-šu₂-nu áš-kun
I conquered the land Bīt-Ḫumria (Israel) in its entirety and I brought to Assyria..., together with their belongings.

... and I placed Hoshea as king over them.

Hoshea, the nineteenth and last king of the Israelite Kingdom of Israel


Lamaštum

Lamashtu (a female demon in Mesopotamian mythology)


Aššūr

⇒ Akkadian: 𒀾𒋗𒊏𒅀 (Aššūrāyu)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܣܘܼܪܵܝܵܐ (surrāyā, “Assyrian”)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀσσυρία (Assuría)
Greek: Ασσυρία (Assyría)
→ Latin: Assyria (see there for further descendants)

→ Amharic: አሦር (ʾäśor)

→ Ancient Greek: Σῠ́ρος (Sŭ́ros)
Greek: Σύρος (Sýros)
Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂 (saur)
Latin: Syrus

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→ Arabic: آشُور (ʔāšūr)

→ Arabic: آشُور (ʔāšūr)

→ Aramaic: ܐܬܘܪ

→ Aramaic: אֲשׁוּר (ˀăšūr)

→ Aramaic: אֲשׁוּר (ˀăšūr)

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܵܫܘܿܪ (āšor)

→ Chinese: 亞述 /亚述 (Yàshù, Yǎshù)

→ English: Assur, Aššur

→ Biblical Hebrew: אַשּׁוּר (ʔaššúr)

→ Israeli Hebrew: אַשּׁוּר (ashúr)

→ Hindi: अश्शूर (aśśūr)

→ Hindi: अश्शूर (aśśūr)

→ Proto-Iranian:

Old Persian: 𐎠𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎠 (a-θ-u-r-a)

Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭮𐭥𐭥 (ʾswr /asōr/)

Persian: آشور (âšur)

Parthian: 𐭀𐭎𐭅𐭓 (ʾswr /asōr/)

→ Old Armenian: ասորի (asori)

⇒ Proto-Iranian:

desctree

Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭮𐭥𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭭 (ʾswrstn /Asōrestān, Asūrestān/)
Persian: آسورستان (âsurestân)
→ English: Asuristan, Asurestan, Assuristan, Asorestan, Asoristan

Parthian: 𐭀𐭎𐭅𐭓𐭎𐭕𐭍 (ʾswrstn /Asōrestān/)

→ Old Armenian: Ասորեստան (Asorestan)
Armenian: Ասորեստան (Asorestan)

→ Georgian: ასურეთი (asureti)

→ Portuguese: Assur, Ashur

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→ Russian: А́шшур (Áššur), А́ссур (Ássur)

→ Turkish: Asur

𒀀𒈾𒆪 𒁹𒀭𒊹𒆕𒀀 𒈗 𒃲 𒈗 𒃩𒉡 𒈗 𒋙 𒈗 𒆳 𒀸𒋩𒆠

a-na-ku ᵐAN.ŠAR₂-DU₃-A LUGAL GAL LUGAL dan-nu LUGAL ŠÚ LUGAL KUR aš-šurᵏⁱ

I, Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria

Assur (political capital of Assyria from the XIV to the IX centuries BCE)


Šabāṭum

tlb

(Old Akkadian, Old Babylonian, Middle Babylonian, Standard Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian)

desc

→ Hebrew: שְׁבָט (šə̆ḇɔ́ṭ, “Shevat”)

→ Hebrew: שְׁבָט (šə̆ḇɔ́ṭ, “Shevat”)

→ Aramaic: שְׁבָט (šəḇāṭ)

→ Aramaic: שְׁבָט (šəḇāṭ)

Classical Syriac: ܫܒܛ

→ Arabic: شُبَاط (šubāṭ)

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܫܒ݂ܵܛ (šḇāṭ)

Unknown. Spelt with 𒌚 (ITI, “month”) and 𒀾 (ZIZ₂, “emmer”).

𒌚𒀾 𒌚 𒁕𒀀𒁍𒌝 𒋗𒌑

Šabāṭu Šabāṭu

Šabāṭu, the eleventh month of the Babylonian calendar


Abum

→ Hebrew: אָב (ʾāḇ, “Av”)

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܒ (ʾāḇ)

→ Arabic: آب (ʔāb)

Unknown. Spelt with 𒌚 (“month”) and 𒉈 (“fire”). Compare Arabic آب (ʔāb, “August”) and Hebrew אָב (ʾɔḇ).

Abu, the fifth month of the Babylonian calendar (approximately July-August)


Ḫammurapi

An Amorite compound name ʿAmmurāpi probably containing the elements *ʿammu (“a nation, a people, paternal ancestor”) + *rāpi (“healer”).

af

*ʿammu<t:a nation, a people, paternal ancestor>

𒄩𒄠𒈬𒊏𒁉 𒈗 𒌦 𒋗𒈨𒊑𒅎 𒅇 𒀝𒅗𒁲𒅎

ḫa-am-mu-ra-pi₂ LUGAL KALAM šu-me-ri-im u₃ ak-ka-di-im

Ḫammurapi, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad

𒁹𒄩𒄠𒈬𒊏𒁉 𒁹𒁶𒋫𒊏𒉺𒀾𒌈

(the name) Ḫammurapi means "extensive family"


Akkade

desctree

→ Biblical Hebrew: אַכַּד (ʔakkáḏ)
→ English: Akkad

→ Arabic: أَكَّد (ʔakkad), أَكَّاد (ʔakkād)

Unknown. It is thought to derive from the Akkadian word for "gate" or "city."

Akkad (a land in northern Babylonia and a city founded by Sargon of Akkad)


Utnapištim

(Mesopotamian mythology) Utnapishtim (last antediluvian king of Šuruppak, hero of the Mesopotamian flood story, corresponding to Biblical Noah)


Igigū

Igigû (alternative)
Igīgū (alternative)
Igigi (alternative)

(plural only, Old Babylonian, Standard Babylonian) Igigi, a collective name for the "great gods"

(plural only, Middle Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian) Igigi, the gods of heaven (as opposed to the Anunnakkū, the gods of the netherworld)


Ayyārum

→ Biblical Hebrew: אִיָּר (ʔiyyɔ́r)

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܝܪ (ʾīyār)

→ Arabic: أَيَّار (ʔayyār)

Spelled with 𒌚 (“month”) and 𒄞 (“bull”).

Ayyāru, the second month of the Babylonian calendar


Addarum

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→ Biblical Hebrew: אֲדָר (ʾăḏār, “Adar”)

→ Aramaic: אֲדָר (ʾăḏār)

→ Arabic: آذَار (ʔāḏār)

→ Arabic: آذَار (ʔāḏār)

Unknown. Spelt with 𒌚 (“month”) and 𒊺 (“grain”).

Adar, the twelfth month of the Babylonian calendar (approximately February-March)


Šumerum

Unknown. Compare Biblical Hebrew שִׁנְעָר (šinʕɔ́r) and its listed cognates.


Šumerum

𒅴𒂠 𒀀𒄩𒍪𒌝

𒇷𒊭𒀭 𒋗𒈨𒊑𒅎 𒋫𒄠𒅆𒅋 𒀝𒅗𒁲𒅎 𒂊𒁺𒌝

li-ša-an šu-me-ri-im ta-am-ši-il ak-ka-di-im e-du-um

to know the Akkadian counterpart of the Sumerian


Kinaḫnum

Kinaḫni (alternative)
Kinaḫna (alternative)
Kinaḫḫi (alternative)

Cognate with Arabic كَنْعَان (kanʕān) and Biblical Hebrew כְּנַעַן (kənáʕan).


Kūsu

Compare Hebrew כּוּשׁ (kuš) and Egyptian k-A-S:N25 (kꜣš).


𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠

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𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠 • (me-luḫ-ḫaᵏⁱ)


Meluḫḫa

Unknown; might be a borrowing from Proto-Dravidian *mel-Vkku. Might also be possibly related to 𒈣𒁻 (ma-laḫ, “sailor”)


Amurrum

toponym for Syria and the West, the land of the Amorites

(with determinative 𒀭 (ᵈ)) Amurru (god of the Amorites)

(with determinative 𒀯 (ᵐᵘˡ), Standard Babylonian) Perseus (the "west star")


𒀭𒀹𒁯

𒀭𒀹𒁯 • (ᵈiš₈-tar₂)


Urušalim

Ursalimmu (alternative)
Ursalimma (alternative)

From a West Semitic language. Compare Arabic أُورُشَلِيم (ʔūrušalīm) and Biblical Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלִַם (yərušɔláyim).

cog

Arabic أُورُشَلِيم (ʔūrušalīm)

יְרוּשָׁלִַם


𒌑𒊒𒊓𒅆𒆠

head

𒌑𒊒𒊓𒅆𒆠 • (u₂-ru-ša₁₀-limᵏⁱ)


ḫikuptaḫ

From Egyptian ḥwt-kꜣ-ptḥ, a metonymical term for the city of Memphis. Compare Ancient Greek Αἴγυπτος (Aíguptos, “Egypt”) and Ugaritic 𐎈𐎋𐎔𐎚 (ḥkpt /ḥikupta/, “Memphis”) from the same source.


Pazūzu

𒀀𒈾𒆪 𒀭𒅆𒊒𒍪𒍪 𒌉 𒀭𒄩𒀭𒁉 𒈗 𒇷𒇷𒂊 𒅆𒉡𒌅 𒀀𒈾 𒆳𒎌 𒆗𒉡𒌅 𒍑𒋻𒄿𒁉 𒂊𒆷𒀀 𒀀𒈾𒆪

a-na-ku ᵈpa₃-zu-zu DUMU ᵈḫa-an-bi LUGAL li-le-e lem-nu-tu a-na KUR.MEŠ dan-nu-tu uš-tar-i-bi e-la-a a-na-ku

I am Pazuzu, son of Ḫanbu, king of the evil lilû-demons. I was enraged (in violent motion) against the strong mountains and ascended them.

Pazuzu, an evil demon, king of the wind demons.


Sāmerīna

From Biblical Hebrew שֹׁמְרוֹן (šomə̆rón).

The ancient capital of the northern Kingdom of Israel, modern Sebastia in the West Bank

an ancient Assyrian province encompassing the central hill country of Palestine, mostly in the northern part of modern West Bank


𒁹𒄥𒁲𒄿

ᵐgur-di-i (romanization)
Gurdî (romanization)
𒁹𒑲𒁲𒄿 (alternative)

From Phrygian [script needed] (*Gordiyas). Doublet of 𒁹𒆳𒋾𒄿 (Kurtî) and cognate of Luwian 𔗜𔖱𔑣𔓱𔗔 (Kurdiyas).


𒋤𒀪𒆷𒀀𒀀

Disputed cuneiform transcription of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yiśrɔʔél), in the proper name Ahab of Israel.

bor

Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yiśrɔʔél)


Gilgāmeš

→ Ancient Greek: Γίλγαμος (Gílgamos)

→ English: Gilgamesh

𒀭𒄑𒂆𒈦 𒌌𒌅 𒌓𒌝 𒀪𒀠𒁺 𒈾𒁍 𒋳𒋙 𒋃𒁷𒋙 𒀭𒈠 𒂄𒈜𒋫𒋙 𒀀𒈨𒇻𒌅

Gilgameš was his name from the day he was born, two-thirds of him god but one-third of him human.

ᵈGIŠ.GIN₂.MAŠ ul-tu u₄-um i'-al-du na-bu šum-šu₂ šit-tin-šu₂ DINGIR-ma šul-lul-ta-šu₂ a-me-lu-tu

Gilgamesh (a Sumerian king of early dynastic Uruk, later made an epic hero)