ellum

akk-adjective

ellum (feminine elletum, masculine plural ellūtum, feminine plural ellētum, predicative el)

elletum (feminine)
ellūtum (masculine plural)
ellētum (feminine plural)
el (predicative)

verbal adjective of elēlum (“to become pure”):


kankum

kankum (feminine kaniktum, masculine plural kankūtum, feminine plural kankātum, predicative kanik)

kaniktum (feminine)
kankūtum (masculine plural)
kankātum (feminine plural)
kanik (predicative)

verbal adjective of kanākum: sealed, under seal


šarqum

šarqum (feminine šariqtum, masculine plural šarqūtum, feminine plural šarqātum)

šariqtum (feminine)
šarqūtum (masculine plural)
šarqātum (feminine plural)


ṣeḫrum

ṣeḫrum (feminine ṣeḫertum, masculine plural ṣeḫrūtum, feminine plural ṣeḫrētum, predicative ṣeḫer)

ṣeḫertum (feminine)
ṣeḫrūtum (masculine plural)
ṣeḫrētum (feminine plural)
ṣeḫer (predicative)

From Proto-Semitic *ṣaɣir-. Cognate with Arabic صَغِير (ṣaḡīr, “small”) and Biblical Hebrew צָעִיר (ṣɔʕír, “young”).

verbal adjective of ṣeḫērum:
small, little

𒋳𒈠 𒀀𒉿𒈝 𒌉 𒀀𒉿𒅆 𒍢𒄴𒊏𒄠 𒅖𒋫𒊑𒅅 𒀉𒁕𒀝

1755–1750 BCE, King Hammurabi of Babylon, translated by OMNIKA Foundation, Hammurabi Code, The Louvre, Law 14:

If a free man has kidnapped the young son of a free man, he will be executed.

šum-ma a-wi-lum DUMU a-wi-lim ṣe-eḫ-ra-am iš-ta-ri-iq id-da-ak

𒌉 𒅇 𒃲 [ṣeḫer u rabi]

verbal adjective of ṣeḫērum:
young, little

verbal adjective of ṣeḫērum:
minor, underage

verbal adjective of ṣeḫērum:
(of siblings) younger (brother/sister)

verbal adjective of ṣeḫērum:
younger (brother/sister)

verbal adjective of ṣeḫērum:
(of kings) the Second

verbal adjective of ṣeḫērum:
(of scribes, merchants, etc.) junior


aḫûm

aḫûm (feminine aḫītum, masculine plural aḫûtum, feminine plural aḫiātum, predicative aḫī)

aḫītum (feminine)
aḫûtum (masculine plural)
aḫiātum (feminine plural)
aḫī (predicative)

From 𒍠 (aḫum, “side”) + 𒄿 (-ī, nisba suffix).

𒀀𒉿𒈝 𒀀𒄷𒌝 𒄿𒋼𒁉𒈠 𒄿𒈾 𒆪𒍣 𒈗𒁴 𒍑𒊭𒀊
a-wi-lum a-ḫu-um i-te-be-ma i-na ku-si₂ LUGAL-tim uš-ša-ab
/awīlum aḫûm itebbē-ma ina kussi šarrūtim uššab/
A foreign man will appear and sit on the throne of kingship.


marrum

marrum (feminine marratum, masculine plural marrūtum, feminine plural marrātum, predicative mar)

marratum (feminine)
marrūtum (masculine plural)
marrātum (feminine plural)
mar (predicative)

Compare Arabic مُرّ (murr), Hebrew מַר (mar), Classical Syriac ܡܪܝܪܐ (marrīrā), and Ugaritic 𐎎𐎗 (mr).


ṭābum

ṭābum (feminine ṭābtum, masculine plural ṭābūtum, feminine plural ṭābātum, predicative ṭāb)

ṭābtum (feminine)
ṭābūtum (masculine plural)
ṭābātum (feminine plural)
ṭāb (predicative)

From Proto-Semitic *ṭāb- (“good, pleasant”). Cognate with Arabic طَيِّب (ṭayyib) and Biblical Hebrew טוֹב (ṭoḇ).


zikarum

zikarum (masculine plural zikarū, predicative zikar)

zikarū (masculine plural)
zikar (predicative)

From Proto-Semitic *ḏikar- (“man, male”). Cognate with Arabic ذَكَر (ḏakar) and Biblical Hebrew זָכָר (zɔḵɔ́r).

𒍑 𒅇 𒊩 [zikar u sinniš] ― NITA u₃ SAL ― male and female


matqum

matqum (feminine matuqtum, masculine plural matqūtum, feminine plural matqātum, predicative matuq)

matuqtum (feminine)
matqūtum (masculine plural)
matqātum (feminine plural)
matuq (predicative)

From Proto-Semitic *matḳ- (“sweet”). Cognate with Biblical Hebrew מָתוֹק (mɔṯóq) and Ugaritic 𐎎𐎚𐎖 (mtq).


wēdum

From Proto-Semitic *ʔaḥad- (“one, single”). Cognate with Arabic أَحَد (ʔaḥad) and Biblical Hebrew אֶחָד (ʔɛḥɔ́ḏ).


elûm

akk-adj

elûm (feminine elītum, masculine plural elûtum, feminine plural eliātum, predicative elī)

elītum (feminine)
elûtum (masculine plural)
eliātum (feminine plural)
elī (predicative)

𒂊𒈝 (elum, “top”) + 𒄿 (-ī, nisba suffix).


elûm

akk-adjective

elûm (feminine elītum, masculine plural elûtum, feminine plural eliātum, predicative eli)

elītum (feminine)
elûtum (masculine plural)
eliātum (feminine plural)
eli (predicative)

Compare the verb elûm (“to go up, arise”).


damqum

damqum (feminine damiqtum, masculine plural damqūtum, feminine plural damqātum, predicative damiq)

damiqtum (feminine)
damqūtum (masculine plural)
damqātum (feminine plural)
damiq (predicative)

𒀭𒉌𒀀𒌈 𒁮𒂵 [anniātum damqā]

verbal adjective of damāqum:
good, fine (of good quality), pleasant

pretty, handsome, beautiful, fair, nice, shapely, comely, cute, bonny, chick, elegant, glamorous

fortunate, happy, lucky, favourable, well-off, well-to-do

verbal adjective of damāqum:
noble, aristocrat

benevolent, kind, genteel, benign, chivalrous

able-bodied, qualified, capable, skilled


dannum

akk-adj

dannum (feminine dannatum, masculine plural dannūtum, feminine plural dannātum, predicative dan)

dannatum (feminine)
dannūtum (masculine plural)
dannātum (feminine plural)
dan (predicative)

verbal adjective of danānum:
strong, solid, fortified

verbal adjective of danānum:
powerful, mighty

verbal adjective of danānum:
fierce, savage

𒅆𒅁𒊒𒌝 𒊭 𒍝𒀊𒋫𒆪 𒈠𒁲𒅖 𒁕𒀭
[šiprum ša ṣabtāku mādiš dan]
ši-ip-ru-um ša ṣa-ab-ta-ku ma-di-iš da-an
The whork I have undertook is very difficult.

𒆜 𒁕𒈾𒀜 [ḫarrānum dannat]

verbal adjective of danānum:
difficult, severe, dangerous


ḫalqum

ḫalqum (feminine ḫaliqtum, masculine plural ḫalqūtum, feminine plural ḫalqātum)

ḫaliqtum (feminine)
ḫalqūtum (masculine plural)
ḫalqātum (feminine plural)

lost (object), missing (animal or person)

verbal adjective of ḫalāqum:
ruined (field)


ṣalmum

akk-adjective

ṣalmum (feminine ṣalimtum or ṣalittum, masculine plural ṣalmūtum, feminine plural ṣalmātum)

ṣalimtum (feminine)
ṣalittum (feminine)
ṣalmūtum (masculine plural)
ṣalmātum (feminine plural)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܨܲܠܡܵܐ (ṣalmā, “cherry”)

Compare Arabic ظَلِمَ (ẓalima, “to be(come) dark”) and Biblical Hebrew צַלְמָוֶת (ṣalmɔ́wɛṯ, “deep shadow”).

cog

verbal adjective of ṣalāmum:
black, dark

verbal adjective of ṣalāmum:
black haired (person)


annûm

akk-adj

annûm (feminine annītum, masculine plural annûtum, feminine plural anniātum, predicative anni)

annītum (feminine)
annûtum (masculine plural)
anniātum (feminine plural)
anni (predicative)

Compare Aramaic הָ־ (hā-, “this”) and perhaps Biblical Hebrew הַ(נ)־ (ha(n)-, definite article).

cog

𒈪𒉡𒌝 𒊭𒉺𒊒𒌝 𒀭𒉡𒌝 𒊭 𒋫𒀸𒁍𒊑𒅎
[mīnum šapārum annûm ša tašpurīm]
mi-nu-um ša-pa-ru-um an-nu-um ša ta-aš-pu-ri-im
What is this message you (f) sent me?

𒀀𒉌𒀀𒌈 𒀀𒈾 𒉌𒉌 𒁕𒄠𒂵
[anniātum ana ilī damqā]
a-ni-a-tum a-na i₃-li₂ da-am-qa₂
Are these (acts) pleasing to the gods?


maḫrûm

akk-adjective

maḫrûm (feminine maḫrītum, masculine plural maḫrûtum, feminine plural maḫriātum, predicative maḫrī)

maḫrītum (feminine)
maḫrûtum (masculine plural)
maḫriātum (feminine plural)
maḫrī (predicative)

From 𒅆 (maḫrum, “front”) + 𒄿 (-ī, nisba suffix).


šaplûm

akk-adjective

šaplûm (feminine šaplītum, masculine plural šaplûtum, feminine plural šapliātum, predicative šaplī)

šaplītum (feminine)
šaplûtum (masculine plural)
šapliātum (feminine plural)
šaplī (predicative)

From 𒆠𒋫 (šaplum, “bottom”) + 𒄿 (-ī, nisba suffix). Compare Arabic سُفْلِيّ (sufliyy, “lower”).


eššum

akk-adj

eššum (feminine eššetum or edištum, masculine plural eššūtum, feminine plural eššētum, predicative ediš)

eššetum (feminine)
edištum (feminine)
eššūtum (masculine plural)
eššētum (feminine plural)
ediš (predicative)


ayyum

ayyum (feminine ayyītum, masculine plural ayyūtum, feminine plural ayyātum)

ayyītum (feminine)
ayyūtum (masculine plural)
ayyātum (feminine plural)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔayy- (“which, what”). Cognate with Arabic أَيّ (ʔayy) and Biblical Hebrew אַי (ʔay).


kabtum

akk-adjective

kabtum (feminine kabittum, masculine plural kabtūtum, feminine plural kabtātum, predicative kabit)

kabittum (feminine)
kabtūtum (masculine plural)
kabtātum (feminine plural)
kabit (predicative)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew כָּבֵד (kɔḇéḏ, “heavy”).

verbal adjective of kabātum:
heavy, dense, abundant, substantial

verbal adjective of kabātum:
severe, serious, dangerous

honoured, important, influential, venerable

verbal adjective of kabātum:
(nominalised) important person, VIP

verbal adjective of kabātum:
important person, VIP


marûm

marûm (feminine marītum, predicative mari)

From the verb 𒈠𒊒𒌑𒌝 (marûm, “to fatten”).

(Standard Babylonian, grammar) marû ("slow (pronunciation)", used in the description of Sumerian verbs to refer to the imperfective form)


ḫamṭu

From the verb 𒄩𒈠𒌅𒌝 (ḫamāṭum, “to be quick”).

(Middle Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian) quick, swift, sudden

(Standard Babylonian, grammar) ḫamṭu ("quick (pronunciation)", used in the description of Sumerian verbs to refer to the perfective form)


petûm

akk-adj

petûm (feminine petītum, predicative peti)

verbal adjective of 𒉿𒌅𒌑𒌝 (petûm):
remote, far-off


mītum

akk-adjective

mītum (feminine mīttum, masculine plural mītūtum, feminine plural mītātum, predicative mīt)

mīttum (feminine)
mītūtum (masculine plural)
mītātum (feminine plural)
mīt (predicative)

Cognate with Arabic مَيِّت (mayyit) and Biblical Hebrew מֵת (méṯ).


epûm

epûm (feminine epītum, masculine plural epûtum, feminine plural epiātu, predicative epi)

epītum (feminine)
epûtum (masculine plural)
epiātu (feminine plural)
epi (predicative)


ullûm

akk-adj

ullûm (feminine ullītum, masculine plural ullûtum, feminine plural ulliātum, predicative ulli)

ullītum (feminine)
ullûtum (masculine plural)
ulliātum (feminine plural)
ulli (predicative)

Related to Biblical Hebrew אֵלֶּה (ʔéllɛ, “these”) and Arabic أُولُو (ʔulū).


kīnum

kīnum (feminine kīttum, masculine plural kīnūtum, feminine plural kīnātum, predicative kīn)

kīttum (feminine)
kīnūtum (masculine plural)
kīnātum (feminine plural)
kīn (predicative)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew כֵּן (ken, “right, honest, truthful”).

cog

verbal adjective of kânum:
permanent, firm

verbal adjective of kânum:
true, reliable, just

verbal adjective of kânum:
honest, decent, loyal

verbal adjective of kânum:
correct, regular, normal, legitimate


labirum

akk-adj

labirum (feminine labirtum, masculine plural labirūtum, feminine plural labirātum, predicative labir)

labirtum (feminine)
labirūtum (masculine plural)
labirātum (feminine plural)
labir (predicative)

verbal adjective of labārum:
former, previous, long-standing

verbal adjective of labārum:
old-established

𒅆𒂠𒊏𒁉𒁶 [kīma labirīšu]

(of tablets, nominalized) original, previous

verbal adjective of labārum:
original, previous


ezzum

akk-adjective

ezzum (feminine ezzetum, masculine plural ezzūtum, feminine plural ezzētum, predicative ez)

ezzetum (feminine)
ezzūtum (masculine plural)
ezzētum (feminine plural)
ez (predicative)

𒄑𒍣𒀉 𒌉𒊩 𒀭𒀀𒉏 ― ez-ze-et DUMU.MUNUS ᵈa-nim /ezzet mārat Ānim/ ― the daughter of Ānu is furious

𒄿𒈾 𒀭𒎌 𒄑𒍝𒆪

i-na DINGIR.MEŠ ez-za-ku /ina ilī ezzāku/


gitmālum

akk-adj

gitmālum (feminine gitmāltum, masculine plural gitmālūtum, feminine plural gitmālātum)

gitmāltum (feminine)
gitmālūtum (masculine plural)
gitmālātum (feminine plural)

From 𒂵𒈠𒈝 (gamālum, “to do a favour, be kind; to spare”).

𒈗 𒄀𒀉𒈠𒈝 𒀀𒈾𒆪
LUGAL gi-it-ma-lum a-na-ku
/šarrum gitmālum anāku/
I am the perfect king

𒀭𒍝𒆍 𒀭𒌋𒁯 𒂗𒎌 𒄀𒀉𒈠𒇻𒌈
ᵈZA.KA₂ ᵈištar EN.MEŠ gi-it-ma-lu-tum
/Zabāba Ištar bēlū gitmālūtum/
Zabāba and Ištar, the perfect lords


kadrum

kadrum (feminine kadirtum or kadratum, masculine plural kadrūtum, feminine plural kadrātum, predicative kadir)

kadirtum (feminine)
kadratum (feminine)
kadrūtum (masculine plural)
kadrātum (feminine plural)
kadir (predicative)

wild, fierce, aggressive, rearing up, impetuous

verbal adjective of kadārum:
proud (deity or person)


marṣum

marṣum (feminine maruštum, masculine plural marṣūtum, feminine plural marṣātum, predicative maruṣ)

maruštum (feminine)
marṣūtum (masculine plural)
marṣātum (feminine plural)
maruṣ (predicative)

verbal adjective of marāṣum:
sick, diseased

verbal adjective of marāṣum:
difficult, severe, bitter, troublesome


šalmum

šalmum (feminine šalimtum, masculine plural šalmūtum, feminine plural šalmātum)

šalimtum (feminine)
šalmūtum (masculine plural)
šalmātum (feminine plural)

𒀀𒈾𒆪 𒊭𒀠𒈠𒆪 [anāku šalmāku]

𒊭𒅆 𒌑𒌌 𒈪𒅎𒈠 [šalim, ul mimma]

𒇻𒌑 𒋾𒁲 𒄿𒉡𒈠 𒊭𒅆 𒈗 𒆠𒈠 𒀭𒌓 𒄿𒈾 𒀭𒊓𒈨𒂊
[lū tīde inūma šalim šarrum kīma Šamaš ina samê]
lu-u₂ ti-de i-nu-ma ša-lim LUGAL ki-ma ᵈUTU i-na ANˢᵃ⁻ᵐᵉ⁻ᵉ
Know that the king is well like the Sun in the heavens.

healthy, sound, intact, whole, entire, correct, proper, safe, reliable, truthful, favourable

verbal adjective of šalāmum:
solvent, financially sound


rabûm

rabûm (feminine rabītum, masculine plural rabûtum, feminine plural rabiātum, predicative rabi)

rabītum (feminine)
rabûtum (masculine plural)
rabiātum (feminine plural)
rabi (predicative)

𒀊𒉡𒌝 𒊏𒁉𒌈 𒄿𒍝𒀭𒉡𒌦
[abnum rabītum izannun]
ab-nu-um ra-bi-tum i-za-an-nu-un
large stones will hail down

verbal adjective of rabûm:
main, principal

𒌉 𒅇 𒃲 [ṣeḫer u rabi]

verbal adjective of rabûm:
great, noble, important (person)


sapḫum

sapḫum (feminine sapiḫtum, masculine plural sapḫūtum, feminine plural sapḫātum, predicative sapiḫ)

sapiḫtum (feminine)
sapḫūtum (masculine plural)
sapḫātum (feminine plural)
sapiḫ (predicative)

𒍝𒀊𒄷𒌓 𒀀𒉿𒅆 𒄿𒉺𒄴𒄷𒊒
[sapḫūt awīlim ipaḫḫurū]
sa₃-ap-ḫu-ut a-wi-lim i-pa-aḫ-ḫu-ru
the man's scattered (relatives?) will come together again

verbal adjective of sapāḫum: scattered, dispersed


šanûm

šanûm (feminine šanītum, masculine plural šanûtum, feminine plural šaniātum)

šanītum (feminine)
šanûtum (masculine plural)
šaniātum (feminine plural)

From 𒈫 (šinā). Cognate with Arabic ثَانٍ (ṯānin) and Biblical Hebrew שֵׁנִי (šení).

𒀀𒁉 𒀜𒋫 𒀀𒇲𒉡𒂵 𒀀𒁀𒄠 𒊭𒉌𒀀𒄠 𒌑𒆷 𒄿𒋗
a-bi at-ta a-la₂-nu-ka₃ a-ba-am ša-ni-a-am u₂-la i-šu
/abī atta allānukka abam šaniam ula īšu/
You are my father. I have no other father except you.

verbal adjective of šanûm:
second (of two or more), next, other

verbal adjective of šanûm:
(nominalised) something else, another

verbal adjective of šanûm:
something else, another


wašṭum

wašṭum (masculine plural wašṭūtum, feminine plural wašṭātum, predicative wašit)

tlb

(Old Assyrian, Old Babylonian, Standard Babylonian)

wašṭūtum (masculine plural)
wašṭātum (feminine plural)
wašit (predicative)

𒉌𒊺𒅎𒈨 𒅕𒉌𒋫𒋗 𒉿𒀸𒁕𒀜
ni-še-em-me ir-ni-ta-šu wa-aš-ṭa-at
/nišemme irnittašu wašṭat/
We hear of his (Adad's) anger – it is fierce.

verbal adjective of wašāṭum:
strong, fierce

verbal adjective of wašāṭum:
hard, stiff


arkum

akk-adj

arkum (feminine ariktum, masculine plural arkūtum, feminine plural arkātum, predicative arik)

ariktum (feminine)
arkūtum (masculine plural)
arkātum (feminine plural)
arik (predicative)

𒌓𒎌 𒅈𒆪𒌑𒌈 [ūmū arkūtum]

verbal adjective of arākum:
long (time and size)


dārûm

dārûm (feminine dārītum, masculine plural dārûtum, feminine plural dāriātum, predicative dārī)

dārītum (feminine)
dārûtum (masculine plural)
dāriātum (feminine plural)
dārī (predicative)

From 𒁕𒀀𒀸 (dārum, “perpetuity”) + 𒄿 (-ī, nisba suffix).

af

𒋗𒈠𒄠 𒁕𒊑𒀀𒄠 𒊭 𒈗𒋾𒅀 𒇻 𒀸𒆪𒌦
šu-ma-am da-ri-a-am ša LUGAL-ti-ia lu aš-ku-un
/šumam dāriam ša šarrūtīya lū aškun/
I indeed established everlasting fame for my kingship.


akkadûm

akk-adj

akkadûm (feminine akkadītum, masculine plural akkadûtum, feminine plural akkadiātum, predicative akkadī)

akkadītum (feminine)
akkadûtum (masculine plural)
akkadiātum (feminine plural)
akkadī (predicative)

From 𒌵𒆠 (Akkade, “Akkad”) + 𒄿 (-ī, nisba suffix).

af

𒄑𒈿𒌵𒆠 [eršum akkadītum] ― GIŠ.NA₂.URI.KI ― an Akkadian bed


kaṣûm

akk-adj

kaṣûm (feminine kaṣītum, masculine plural kaṣûtum, feminine plural kaṣiātum, predicative kaṣi)

kaṣītum (feminine)
kaṣûtum (masculine plural)
kaṣiātum (feminine plural)
kaṣi (predicative)

verbal adjective of kaṣûm (“to be(come) cold”):


Sāmerīnaya

From 𒆳𒊓𒈨𒊑𒈾 (Sāmerīna, “Samaria”) + 𒄿 (-ī, nisba suffix).


kurûm

akk-adj

kurûm (feminine kurītum, masculine plural kurûtum, feminine plural kuriātum, predicative kuri)

kurītum (feminine)
kurûtum (masculine plural)
kuriātum (feminine plural)
kuri (predicative)

𒊭 𒍠 𒆸𒁕𒈠 𒊭 𒆏 𒁍𒁕 [ša imnim kurīma ša šumēlim arik]

The right one is short, the left one, long.

verbal adjective of karûm:
short (time and size)

verbal adjective of karûm:
(nominalized) short (person), dwarf

verbal adjective of karûm:
short (person), dwarf


wālidum

wālidum (feminine wālittum, masculine plural wālidūtum, feminine plural wālidātum)

wālittum (feminine)
wālidūtum (masculine plural)
wālidātum (feminine plural)

Participle of 𒉿𒆷𒁺𒌝 (walādum). Cognate with Arabic وَالِد (wālid) and Biblical Hebrew יֹלֵד (yoléḏ, “he who begets”).

cog

𒁹 𒄩𒄠𒈬𒊏𒁉𒈪 𒁁𒈝 𒊭 𒆠𒈠 𒀀𒁉𒅎 𒉿𒇷𒁲𒅎 𒀀𒈾 𒉌𒅆 𒄿𒁀𒀸𒋗𒌑

1755–1750 BCE, King Hammurabi of Babylon, translated by CDLI, Hammurabi Code, The Louvre, Epilogue, lines 20-24:

Ḫammurabi, the lord who is like a real father to the people (...)

ᵐḫa-am-mu-ra-pi₂-mi be-lum ša ki-ma a-bi-im wa-li-di-im a-na ni-ši i-ba-aš-šu-u₂

begetter, birth giving, (mother) who bore, real (father/mother), progenitor/progenitress


sāmum

akk-adj

sāmum (feminine sāmtum, masculine plural sāmūtum, feminine plural sāmātum, predicative sām)

sāmtum (feminine)
sāmūtum (masculine plural)
sāmātum (feminine plural)
sām (predicative)

From siāmum (siāmum, “to be red, brown”).

𒌨𒂠 𒊓𒈬𒌝 [kalbum sāmum]

𒉿𒈩 𒊕𒁺𒋙 𒊓𒆳 [pirit qaqqadīšu sāmat]


warqum

warqum (feminine waruqtum, masculine plural warqūtum, feminine plural warqātum, predicative waruq)

waruqtum (feminine)
warqūtum (masculine plural)
warqātum (feminine plural)
waruq (predicative)

yellow, green


peṣûm

peṣûm (feminine peṣītum, masculine plural peṣûtum, feminine plural peṣiātum, predicative peṣi)

peṣītum (feminine)
peṣûtum (masculine plural)
peṣiātum (feminine plural)
peṣi (predicative)

Maybe related to Proto-Semitic *p-ṣ-ḥ (“to be bright”).