sūqum

sūqum m (construct state sūq or sūqi, plural sūqātum f or sūqānū m)

sūq (construct)
sūqi (construct)
sūqātum (feminine plural)
sūqānū (masculine plural)

desctree

→ Classical Syriac: ܫܘܩܐ (šūqā)
→ Amharic: ሱቅ (suḳ)
→ Arabic: سُوق (sūq) (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (šūkā)
→ Old Armenian: շուկայ (šukay)
Armenian: շուկա (šuka)
→ Georgian: შუკა (šuḳa)

→ Biblical Hebrew: שׁוּק (šuq)

→ Israeli Hebrew: שׁוּק (shuk)


siāqum

akk-verb

siāqum (G, a-i, durative isīaq, perfect issīq, preterite isīq, imperative sīq)

isīaq (durative)
issīq (perfect)
isīq (preterite)
sīq (imperative)
siāqum (infinitive)
sāiqum (participle)
sīqum (adjective)
asīaq (durative first-person singular)
assīq (first-person perfect singular)
asīq (first-person preterite singular)
lusīq (first-person imperative singular)
tasīaq (durative masculine second-person singular)
tassīq (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tasīq (masculine preterite second-person singular)
sīq (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tasiqqī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tassīqī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tasīqī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
sīqī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
isīaq (durative singular third-person)
issīq (perfect singular third-person)
isīq (preterite singular third-person)
lisīq (imperative singular third-person)
nisīaq (durative first-person plural)
nissīq (first-person perfect plural)
nisīq (first-person plural preterite)
i nisīq (first-person imperative plural)
tasiqqā (durative plural second-person)
tassīqā (perfect plural second-person)
tasīqā (plural preterite second-person)
sīqā (imperative plural second-person)
isiqqū (durative masculine plural third-person)
issīqū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
isīqū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lisīqū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
isiqqā (durative feminine plural third-person)
issīqā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
isīqā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lisīqā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

From Proto-Semitic *ṣ́yḳ- (“to be narrow”). Cognate with Arabic ضَاقَ (ḍāqa, “to be narrow”) and Biblical Hebrew צוּק (ṣuq, “to constrain, bring into straits, press upon”).


šemûm

šemûm (infinitive)
šēmûm (participle)
šemûm (adjective)
ešemme (durative first-person singular)
ešteme (first-person perfect singular)
ešme (first-person preterite singular)
lušme (first-person imperative singular)
tešemme (durative masculine second-person singular)
tešteme (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tešme (masculine preterite second-person singular)
šeme (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tešemmî (durative feminine second-person singular)
teštemî (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tešmî (feminine preterite second-person singular)
šemî (feminine imperative second-person singular)
išemme (durative singular third-person)
išteme (perfect singular third-person)
išme (preterite singular third-person)
lišme (imperative singular third-person)
nišemme (durative first-person plural)
ništeme (first-person perfect plural)
nišme (first-person plural preterite)
i nišme (first-person imperative plural)
tešemmeā (durative plural second-person)
teštemeā (perfect plural second-person)
tešmeā (plural preterite second-person)
šemeā (imperative plural second-person)
išemmû (durative masculine plural third-person)
ištemû (masculine perfect plural third-person)
išmû (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lišmû (imperative masculine plural third-person)
išemmeā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ištemeā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
išmeā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lišmeā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

From Proto-Semitic *šamaʕ-. Cognate with Arabic سَمِعَ (samiʕa) and Biblical Hebrew שָׁמַע (šɔmáʕ).


warad ēkallim

→ Aramaic:

desc

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: ארדיכלא (ʾardēḵlāʾ)

→ Hebrew: אַדְרִיכָל (ʾaḏriḵɔl)

→ Hebrew: אַדְרִיכָל (ʾaḏriḵɔl)

Classical Syriac: ܐܪܕܝܟܠܐ (ʾardēḵlāʾ)

𒋳𒈠 𒀀𒉿𒈝 𒇻𒀵𒂍𒃲 𒇻𒊩𒆳𒂍𒃲 𒇻𒀵𒈦𒂗𒆕 𒇻𒊩𒆳𒈦𒂗𒆕 𒆍𒃲𒍑𒋼𒍣 𒀉𒁕𒀝

1755–1750 BCE, King Hammurabi of Babylon, translated by OMNIKA Foundation, Hammurabi Code, The Louvre, Law 15:

If a man let a male or female slave whether of the palace or of a muškēnum escape through the city gate, he will be executed.

šum-ma a-wi-lum lu ARAD₂ E₂.GAL lu GEME₂ E₂.GAL lu ARAD₂ MAŠ.EN.GAG lu GEME₂ MAŠ.EN.GAG ABUL uš-te-ṣi₂ id-da-ak

(Old Assyrian, Old Babylonian) slave of the palace, a designation of the palace personnel

Old Assyrian; Old Babylonian; Old Assyrian; Old Babylonian

(Neo-Babylonian) arad ekalli, a designation of a specific profession, probably a builder


šalāšat

head

šalāšat m (feminine absolute šalāš, masculine free form šalāštum, feminine free form šalāšum)

šalāš (absolute feminine)
free form šalāštum (masculine)
free form šalāšum (feminine)

From Proto-Semitic *ṯalāṯ- (“three”). Cognate with Arabic ثَلَاثَة (ṯalāṯa) and Biblical Hebrew שְׁלוֹשָׁה (šəlošɔ́).

cog

Arabic ثَلَاثَة (ṯalāṯa)


kandum

desc

→ Aramaic: 𐡊𐡃／כּדּא (kaddā), כַּנְדָּא (kandā)

→ Arabic: كَدّ (kadd)

→ Hebrew: כַּד (kad)

→ Phoenician: 𐤊𐤃 (kd)

Punic: 𐤊𐤃 (kd)

→ Ancient Greek: κάδος (kádos) (see there for further descendants)

→ Ancient Greek: κόνδυ (kóndu)

→⇒ Middle Persian: 𐫐𐫗𐫅𐫇𐫃 (kndwg), 𐫞𐫗𐫅𐫇𐫃 (qndwg /kandūg/)

Persian: کندو (kandu), کندوک (kanduk)

→ Arabic: كَنْدُوج (kandūj)

→ Chagatai: [script needed] (kündük)

→ Kipchak: [script needed] (kendük)

→ Ossetian: хӕндуг (xændug), хӕндыг (xændyg)

→ Parthian: 𐫐𐫗𐫅𐫇𐫃 (kndwg), 𐫞𐫗𐫅𐫇𐫃 (qndwg /kandūg/)

→ Old Armenian: քանդուկ (kʻanduk)

→ Classical Syriac: ܟܱܢܕܘܩܳܐ (kandūqā)

→ Ugaritic: 𐎋𐎄 (kd)

In view of the age of the word said to be borrowed from West Semitic in the form Aramaic כַּנְדָּא (kandā, “vessel, pot; specifically for wine”), apparently not considering origin in Sanskrit कन्दु (kandu, “pot”) and ultimately Proto-South Dravidian *kiṇṭV- (“pot”). Aramaic כּדּא (kaddā) could have been later dissimilated, as the other Northwest Semitic languages only have in Ugaritic 𐎋𐎄 (kd), Hebrew כַּד (kaḏ), Phoenician 𐤊𐤃 (kd).

cog

(Neo-Babylonian) a kandu jar, a container of earthenware or silver, mainly for wine


warādum

warādum (infinitive)
wāridum (participle)
wardum (adjective)
urrid (durative first-person singular)
attarad (first-person perfect singular)
urid (first-person preterite singular)
lurid (first-person imperative singular)
turrid (durative masculine second-person singular)
tattarad (masculine perfect second-person singular)
turid (masculine preterite second-person singular)
rid (imperative masculine second-person singular)
turridī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tattardī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
turdī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
ridī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
urrid (durative singular third-person)
ittarad (perfect singular third-person)
urid (preterite singular third-person)
lirid (imperative singular third-person)
nurrid (durative first-person plural)
nittarad (first-person perfect plural)
nurid (first-person plural preterite)
i nirid (first-person imperative plural)
turridā (durative plural second-person)
tattardā (perfect plural second-person)
turdā (plural preterite second-person)
ridā (imperative plural second-person)
urridū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ittardū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
urdū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lirdū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
urridā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ittardā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
urdā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lirdā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

From Proto-Semitic *warad-. Cognate with Arabic وَرَدَ (warada, “to come”) and Biblical Hebrew יָרַד (yɔráḏ, “to descend”).


ḫamšat

head

ḫamšat m (feminine absolute ḫamiš, masculine free form ḫamištum, feminine free form ḫamšum)

ḫamiš (absolute feminine)
free form ḫamištum (masculine)
free form ḫamšum (feminine)

From Proto-Semitic *ḫamš- (“five”). Cognate with Arabic خَمْسَة (ḵamsa) and Biblical Hebrew חֲמִשָּׁה (ḥămiššɔ).

𒄿𒈾 𒈨𒌈 𒐊

five per cent (literally, “five in a hundred”)


wēdum

From Proto-Semitic *ʔaḥad- (“one, single”). Cognate with Arabic أَحَد (ʔaḥad) and Biblical Hebrew אֶחָד (ʔɛḥɔ́ḏ).


šeššet

šeššet m (feminine absolute *šediš, masculine free form šedištum, feminine free form šeššum)

*šediš (absolute feminine)
free form šedištum (masculine)
free form šeššum (feminine)

From Proto-Semitic *šidṯ- (“six”). Cognate with Arabic سِتَّة (sitta) and Biblical Hebrew שִׁשָּׁה (šiššɔ).


Ninua

Nineveh (capital city of Assyria in the late VIII and VII centuries BCE)


nūnum

Possibly from Sumerian or a loanword from elsewhere into Semitic languages, also found in an Aramaic נוּנָא (nūnā) / Mandaic ࡍࡅࡍࡀ (nunā, “fish”) / ܢܽܘܢܳܐ (nūnā, “fish”) and Mishnaic Hebrew נוּן (nun, “fish”). (A Proto-Semitic *nūn- (“fish”) sometimes posited is hardly possible, in as much as two identical consonants linked by a vowel are a strange patterning for a Semitic noun.)


samānat

samānat m (feminine absolute samāne, masculine free form samāntum, feminine free form samānûm)

samāne (absolute feminine)
free form samāntum (masculine)
free form samānûm (feminine)

From Proto-Semitic *ṯamāniy- (“eight”). Cognate with Arabic ثَمَانِيَة (ṯamāniya) and Biblical Hebrew שְׁמוֹנָה (šəmonɔ).


tišīt

tišīt m (feminine absolute tiše, masculine free form tišītum, feminine free form tišûm)

tiše (absolute feminine)
free form tišītum (masculine)
free form tišûm (feminine)

From Proto-Semitic *tišʕ- (“nine”). Cognate with Arabic تِسْعَة (tisʕa) and Biblical Hebrew תִּשְׁעָה (tišʿɔ).


ešeret

ešeret m (feminine absolute ešer, masculine free form ešertum, feminine free form ešerum or ešrum)

ešer (absolute feminine)
free form ešertum (masculine)
free form ešerum (feminine)
ešrum (feminine)

From Proto-Semitic *ʕaśar- (“ten”). Cognate with Arabic عَشَرَة (ʕašara) and Biblical Hebrew עֲשָׂרָה (ʕăśɔrɔ́).


kakkum

akk-noun

kakkum m (construct state kakki or kak, pronominal state kakka, plural kakkū)

kakki (construct)
kak (construct)
kakka (pronominal-state)
kakkū (plural)

(extispicy) a distinctive and portentive mark on the liver


šikarum

From Proto-Semitic *šikar- (“alcoholic drink”). Cognate with Arabic سَكَر (sakar) and Biblical Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šeḵɔ́r).


šulmum

𒊭𒀠𒈠𒆪 𒋗𒇻𒌝𒅗 𒋗𒌒𒊏𒄠 (𒋗𒈝𒆠 𒋗𒌒𒊑𒅎)
[šalmāku šulumka šupram (f: šulumki šuprīm)]
ša-al-ma-ku šu-lu-um-ka šu-up-ra-am (šu-lum-ki šu-up-ri-im)
I'm well. Write me about your well-being.

𒀭𒈾𒉡𒌝 𒋗𒌌𒈬𒌝 [annānum šulmum]

𒈪𒅎𒈠 𒌑𒌌 𒊭 𒈾𒀀𒁴 𒋗𒌌𒈬𒌝
[mimma ul ša na'ādim, šulmum]
mi-im-ma u₂-ul ša na-a-dim šu-ul-mu-um
there is nothing to worry about, (everything) is well.

𒀀𒈾 𒅀𒅆𒅎 𒋗𒌌𒈬𒌝 [ana yâšim šulmum]

𒀀𒈾 𒅗𒅆𒅎 𒇻 𒋗𒌌𒈬𒌝 [ana kâšim lū šulmum]

(extispicy) a crease on the sheep's liver


biṣṣūrum

Cognate with Arabic بَظْر (baẓr, “clitoris”). Compare also the etymology of بَصَل (baṣal, “onion”).


niākum

akk-verb

niākum (G, a-i, durative inīak, perfect ittīk, preterite inīk, imperative nīk)

inīak (durative)
ittīk (perfect)
inīk (preterite)
nīk (imperative)
niākum (infinitive)
nāikum (participle)
nīkum (adjective)
anīak (durative first-person singular)
attīk (first-person perfect singular)
anīk (first-person preterite singular)
lunīk (first-person imperative singular)
tanīak (durative masculine second-person singular)
tattīk (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tanīk (masculine preterite second-person singular)
nīk (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tanikkī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tattīkī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tanīkī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
nīkī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
inīak (durative singular third-person)
ittīk (perfect singular third-person)
inīk (preterite singular third-person)
linīk (imperative singular third-person)
ninīak (durative first-person plural)
nittīk (first-person perfect plural)
ninīk (first-person plural preterite)
i ninīk (first-person imperative plural)
tanikkā (durative plural second-person)
tattīkā (perfect plural second-person)
tanīkā (plural preterite second-person)
nīkā (imperative plural second-person)
inikkū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ittīkū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
inīkū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
linīkū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
inikkā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ittīkā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
inīkā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
linīkā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

From Proto-Semitic *nayak-. Cognate with Arabic نَاكَ (nāka, “to fuck”). Ultimately from Proto-Afroasiatic; compare Egyptian n:k-D53 (nk).

𒆷𒀀 𒀀𒉌𒆪𒅆 𒄿𒊭𒊑 𒀀𒈾 𒁉𒍪𒊑𒊭 𒆷𒀀 𒄿𒊒𒁍
la-a a-ni-ku-ši i-ša-ri a-na bi-ṣu₂-ri-ša la-a i-ru-bu
/lā anīkūši išarī ana biṣṣūrīša lā īrubu/
(I swear) that I had no intercourse with her, that my penis did not enter her vagina.


dāmum

akk-noun

dāmum m (construct state dām or dāmi, plural dāmū)

dām (construct)
dāmi (construct)
dāmū (plural)

From Proto-Semitic *dam- (“blood”). Cognate with Arabic دَم (dam) and Biblical Hebrew דָּם (dɔ́m).


Enūma Eliš

From 𒂊𒉡𒈠 (enūma, “when”) and 𒂊𒇺 (eliš, “up above”), the opening words of the myth.

𒋗𒌑 𒀸 𒊮 𒂊𒉡𒈠 𒂊𒇺 𒅅𒁲𒁉 𒆠𒄿 𒀭𒂊 𒆠𒁴 𒆷 𒅁𒁀𒉡𒉌 𒀭𒊹 𒀉𒋰𒅆
[šū ina libbi Enūma Eliš iqṭibi kī šamê qaqqara lā ibbannûni Aššur ittabši]
šu-u₂ ina ŠA₃ e-nu-ma e-liš iq-⸢ṭi-bi⸣ ki-i AN-e KI.TIM la ib-ba-nu-ni AN.ŠAR₂ it-[tab-ši]
It is said in Enuma Eliš: When heaven and earth were not created, Aššur came [into being].

The Enûma Eliš (lit. "when on high"), an Ancient Mesopotamian creation myth named after its opening words.


muḫḫum

muḫḫum m (construct state muḫḫi, pronominal state muḫḫa)

muḫḫi (construct)
muḫḫa (pronominal-state)

From Proto-Semitic *muḫḫ- (“head; brain; marrow”). Cognate with Arabic مُخّ (muḵḵ, “cerebrum”) and Biblical Hebrew מֹחַ (móaḥ, “marrow”).


elûm

akk-adj

elûm (feminine elītum, masculine plural elûtum, feminine plural eliātum, predicative elī)

elītum (feminine)
elûtum (masculine plural)
eliātum (feminine plural)
elī (predicative)

𒂊𒈝 (elum, “top”) + 𒄿 (-ī, nisba suffix).


elûm

akk-adjective

elûm (feminine elītum, masculine plural elûtum, feminine plural eliātum, predicative eli)

elītum (feminine)
elûtum (masculine plural)
eliātum (feminine plural)
eli (predicative)

Compare the verb elûm (“to go up, arise”).


elûm

akk-verb

elûm (G, i, durative illi, perfect īteli, preterite īli, imperative eli)

illi (durative)
īteli (perfect)
īli (preterite)
eli (imperative)

Compare the preposition eli (“on, over”). Cognate with Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā, “to climb”) and Biblical Hebrew עָלָה (ʿālâ, “to ascend”).


eliš

𒂊𒇻𒌝 (elum, “top, upper side”) + 𒅖 (-iš, terminative adverbial suffix).


inūma

Possibly from 𒄿𒈾 (ina, “in”) + 𒌓 (ūmum, “day”) + 𒈠 (ma, coordinating conjunction), literally “and in the day”.


Idiglat

desctree

→ Old Persian: 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠 (Tigrā)
→ Ancient Greek: Τίγρης (Tígrēs), Τῐ́γρῐς (Tígris)
Greek: Τίγρης (Tígris), Τίγρητας (Tígritas)
→ Armenian: Տիգրիս (Tigris)
→ Latin: Tigris
→ Elamite:
Achaemenid Elamite: 𒋾𒅅𒊏 (ti-ik-ra /Tikra/)

→ Aramaic: דיגלת (diḡlāṯ)

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܕܩܠܬ

Classical Syriac: ܕܩܠܬ (deqlāṯ)

→ Hebrew: חִדֶּקֶל (ḥiddéqel)

→ Latin: Diglitus

→ Middle Persian: 𐭣𐭢𐭫𐭲𐭩 (dglty)

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (^(id₂)idigna /Idigna/, “Tigris”).


appum

akk-noun

appum m (construct state appi, dual appān, plural appātum f)

appi (construct)
appān (dual)
appātum (feminine plural)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔanp- (“nose”). Cognate with Arabic أَنْف (ʔanf) and Biblical Hebrew אַף (ʾap̄).


akkû

From Proto-Semitic *ʔak- (“awl, raven, volture”). Cognate with Hebrew אוֹחַ (ʔóaḥ, “eagle owl”).

inh

(Standard Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian) a type of owl


Ausi'i

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew הוֹשֵׁעַ (hošéaʕ).

𒆳𒂍 𒄷𒌝𒊑𒀀 𒀀𒈾 𒄀𒂇𒋾𒋙 𒀝𒋤 ... 𒀀𒁲 𒈥𒅆𒋾𒋙𒉡 𒀀𒈾 𒆳 𒀸𒋩𒆠 𒌑𒊏𒀀
𒁹𒀀𒌑𒋛𒀪 𒀀𒈾 𒈗𒌑𒋾 𒄿𒈾 𒌋𒅗𒋙𒉡 𒀾𒆲
[bīt Ḫumria ana gimirtīšu akšud ... adi maršītīšunu ana māt Aššur ūrâ
Ausi'i ana šarrūti ina muḫḫīšunu aškun]
KUR.E₂-ḫu-um-ri-a a-na gi-mir-ti-šu₂ ak-šud... a-di mar-ši-ti-šu₂-nu a-na KUR aš-šurᵏⁱ u₂-ra-a
... ᵐa-u₂-si-'i a-na LUGAL-u₂-ti ina UGU-šu₂-nu áš-kun
I conquered the land Bīt-Ḫumria (Israel) in its entirety and I brought to Assyria..., together with their belongings.

... and I placed Hoshea as king over them.

Hoshea, the nineteenth and last king of the Israelite Kingdom of Israel


Lamaštum

Lamashtu (a female demon in Mesopotamian mythology)


kišādum

From Proto-Semitic *kišād- (“neck”). Compare Ge'ez ክሳድ (kəsad).

neck, throat (the back and the front side of the neck, often including head and shoulders)


napištum

akk-noun

napištum f (construct state napišti or napšat, pronominal state napišta, plural napšātum)

napišti (construct)
napšat (construct)
napišta (pronominal-state)
napšātum (plural)

From Proto-Semitic *napš- (“life, breath”). Cognate with Arabic نَفْس (nafs) and Biblical Hebrew נֶפֶשׁ (nɛ́p̄ɛš).


ḫurḫudum

Compared to Arabic وَرِيد (warīd, “jugular vein”).


Aššūr

⇒ Akkadian: 𒀾𒋗𒊏𒅀 (Aššūrāyu)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܣܘܼܪܵܝܵܐ (surrāyā, “Assyrian”)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀσσυρία (Assuría)
Greek: Ασσυρία (Assyría)
→ Latin: Assyria (see there for further descendants)

→ Amharic: አሦር (ʾäśor)

desc

→ Arabic: آشُور (ʔāšūr)

→ Arabic: آشُور (ʔāšūr)

→ Aramaic: ܐܬܘܪ

→ Aramaic: אֲשׁוּר (ˀăšūr)

→ Aramaic: אֲשׁוּר (ˀăšūr)

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܵܫܘܿܪ (āšor)

→ Chinese: 亞述／亚述 (Yàshù, Yǎshù)

→ English: Assur, Aššur

→ Biblical Hebrew: אַשּׁוּר (ʔaššúr)

→ Israeli Hebrew: אַשּׁוּר (ashúr)

→ Hindi: अश्शूर (aśśūr)

→ Hindi: अश्शूर (aśśūr)

→ Proto-Iranian:

Old Persian: 𐎠𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎠 (a-θ-u-r-a)

Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭮𐭥𐭥 (ʾswr /asōr/)

Persian: آشور (âšur)

Parthian: 𐭀𐭎𐭅𐭓 (ʾswr /asōr/)

→ Old Armenian: ասորի (asori)

⇒ Proto-Iranian:

desctree

Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭮𐭥𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭭 (ʾswrstn /Asōrestān, Asūrestān/)
Persian: آسورستان (âsurestân)
→ English: Asuristan, Asurestan, Assuristan, Asorestan, Asoristan

Parthian: 𐭀𐭎𐭅𐭓𐭎𐭕𐭍 (ʾswrstn /Asōrestān/)

→ Old Armenian: Ասորեստան (Asorestan)
Armenian: Ասորեստան (Asorestan)

→ Georgian: ასურეთი (asureti)

→ Portuguese: Assur

desc

→ Russian: А́шшур (Áššur), А́ссур (Ássur)

→ Turkish: Asur

𒀀𒈾𒆪 𒁹𒀭𒊹𒆕𒀀 𒈗 𒃲 𒈗 𒃩𒉡 𒈗 𒋙 𒈗 𒆳 𒀸𒋩𒆠
[anāku, Aššur-bāni-apli, šarru rabû, šarru dannu, šarru kiššati, šarru māt Aššūr]
a-na-ku ᵐAN.ŠAR₂-DU₃-A LUGAL GAL LUGAL dan-nu LUGAL ŠÚ LUGAL KUR aš-šurᵏⁱ
I, Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria

Assur (political capital of Assyria from the XIV to the IX centuries BCE)


kiššatum

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒆧 (kiš, “totality, world”).

𒆠𒅖𒊭𒀜 𒉌𒅆 [kiššat nišī]

𒉣𒈨 𒆠𒅖𒊭𒀜 𒈠𒀠𒆠 [apkallum kiššat malkī]

𒂍 𒆧𒆳 𒀭𒎌 [bīt kiššat ilī]

𒈗 𒆠𒅖𒊭𒁴 𒄿𒈾 𒌦𒁴 𒄿𒁀𒀸𒅆
[šar kiššatim ina mātim ibašši]
LUGAL ki-iš-ša-tim i-na KALAM-tim i-ba-aš-ši
there will be a world ruler in the country


apkallum

akk-noun

apkallum m (construct state apkal, plural apkallū)

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒉣𒈨 (abgal, “sage”).


kussûm

→ Ugaritic: 𐎋𐎒𐎜 (ksủ /kussīʔu/)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܟܘܪܣܝܐ (kursəyā)

desc

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: כּוּרְסְיָא (kursəyā)

→ Arabic: كُرْسِيّ (kursiyy)

→ Hebrew: כִּסֵּא (kisséʔ)

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒄑𒄖𒍝 (^(g̃eš)gu-za /guza/, “chair”).


dīnum

akk-noun

dīnum m (construct state dīn or dīni, plural dīnātum f)

dīn (construct)
dīni (construct)
dīnātum (feminine plural)

From Proto-Semitic *dVn- (“obligated conduct, moral or ethical decision, judgement, ruling”). Cognate with Arabic دِين (dīn, “religion; law”) and Biblical Hebrew דִּין (din, “law”).

inh

𒁲𒁁𒆷 [dīnum gamrum]

𒀀𒉿𒇴 𒁲𒈾𒄠 𒋗𒄷𒍪𒌝
[awīlam dīnam šūḫuzum]
a-wi-lam di-na-am šu-ḫu-zu-um
to grant a legal case/hearing to a man


nūrum

From Proto-Semitic *nūr- (“light”). Cognate with Arabic نُور (nūr, “light”), نَار (nār, “fire”) and Biblical Aramaic נוּר (nur, “fire”).


ṣēnum

From Proto-Semitic *ṣ́aʔn- (“sheep”). Cognate with Arabic ضَأْن (ḍaʔn) and Biblical Hebrew צֹאן (ṣóʔn).


malkum

From Proto-Semitic *malk- (“king, prince”). Cognate with Arabic مَلِك (malik) and Biblical Hebrew מֶלֶךְ (mɛ́lɛḵ).

9th century BCE, Royal inscription of Shalmaneser III
mal-ku ša₂ ᵏᵘʳḫat-ti ina GIR₃-MIN-ia₅ u₂-šak-ni-su-nu
lul-lik ša₂ ᵏᵘʳur-ar-ṭa-a-a lu-u-mur qa-rab-šu₂-nu
malkū ša Hatti ina šēpīya ušaknissunu
lullik ša Urarṭaya lūmur qarābšunu
I made the princes of Hatti bow down at my feet;
(now) I wish to go (and) experience warfare with the Urarṭians.


ḫamuštum

week ("one fifth of the month", a period of about 5 days)


eṣemtum

akk-noun

eṣemtum f (construct state eṣemti, plural eṣmētum)

From Proto-Semitic *ʕaṯ̣m- (“bone”). Cognate with Arabic عَظْم (ʕaẓm) and Biblical Hebrew עֶצֶם (ʕɛ́ṣɛm).


kabsum

kabsū (plural)
Neo-Babylonian (Babylonian Standard)
Neo-Assyrian (Babylonian Standard)

Borrowed from an Aramaic term cognate to Arabic كَبْش (kabš, “tup, wether”), Hebrew כֶּבֶשׂ (kɛ́ḇɛś, “sheep”), and Phoenician 𐤊𐤁𐤔 (kbš, “sheep”).


gammalu

Probably a loan from West Semitic, ultimately from Proto-West Semitic *gamal- (“camel”). Cognate with Arabic جَمَل (jamal) and Biblical Hebrew גָּמָל (gɔmɔ́l).

𒅇 𒈠𒀀 𒁹𒂗 "𒀲𒃵𒂷" 𒀸 𒊮𒁉 𒁹 𒈫𒐈 𒈠𒈾 𒆬𒌓
 𒄿𒋛𒆥 𒀀𒈾 𒁹𒆳𒀀𒀀 𒇽𒄥𒁍𒋼

721-705, Aššur-belu-taqqin's letter in Information on Sales of Camels and Other Business, archived from the original on 2021-10-22, lines 5–6:

Further, "He has bought one camel for 1 2/3 minas [of silver] and sold it to the bodyguard Madayu.

u₃ ma-a 1-en ANŠE.gam-mal ina ŠA₃-bi 1 2:3 MA.NA [KUG.UD]
 i-si-qi a-na ᵐmad-a-a ^(LU₂.)qur-bu-te


šalāmum

Compare Arabic سَلِمَ (salima, “to be safe”) and Biblical Hebrew שָׁלֵם (šɔlém, “to be sound, complete”).


šalāmum

akk-verb

šalāmum (G, i, durative išallim, perfect ištalim, preterite išlim, imperative šilim)

išallim (durative)
ištalim (perfect)
išlim (preterite)
šilim (imperative)
šalāmum (infinitive)
šālimum (participle)
šalmum (adjective)
ašallim (durative first-person singular)
aštalim (first-person perfect singular)
ašlim (first-person preterite singular)
lušlim (first-person imperative singular)
tašallim (durative masculine second-person singular)
taštalim (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tašlim (masculine preterite second-person singular)
šilim (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tašallimī (durative feminine second-person singular)
taštalmī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tašlimī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
šilmī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
išallim (durative singular third-person)
ištalim (perfect singular third-person)
išlim (preterite singular third-person)
lišlim (imperative singular third-person)
nišallim (durative first-person plural)
ništalim (first-person perfect plural)
nišlim (first-person plural preterite)
i nišlim (first-person imperative plural)
tašallimā (durative plural second-person)
taštalmā (perfect plural second-person)
tašlimā (plural preterite second-person)
šilmā (imperative plural second-person)
išallimū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ištalmū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
išlimū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lišlimū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
išallimā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ištalmā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
išlimā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lišlimā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

𒀭𒀫𒌓 𒂗 𒃲𒌋 𒀭 𒆸𒉡𒌑
𒀸 𒆠𒂍𒅗 𒆤𒋾 𒇻𒌒𒆪𒂁 𒇻𒍑𒅆𒈠
𒇻𒍑𒌓𒈥 𒀭𒌓𒅗 𒂊𒈠𒌑𒍝𒈠𒊒 𒇻𒊌𒋗𒌓

Shu-ila to Marduk, Shu-ila to Nabu, lines 9-11:

O Marduk, great lord, merciful god / let me live (and) be healthy [at] your true command / that I may praise your divinity! May I obtain whatever I wish for.

⸢ᵈAMAR⸣.UTU EN GALᵘ DINGIR reme-nu-u₂ / [ina qi₂]-bit-ka kit-ti lu-ub!(KU)-luṭ lu-uš-lim-ma / [lu]-⸢uš⸣-tam-mar DINGIR⸢ᵘᵗ⸣-ka e-ma u₂-ṣa-ma-ru lu-uk-šu-ud

to be(come) healthy, well, intact, in good condition, safe

𒋳𒈠 𒄿𒈾 𒀀𒊮 𒆷 𒄿𒊩𒅆 𒄿𒈾 𒋡𒋡𒅈 𒀀𒅆 𒄿𒊩𒅆
[šumma ina eqlim lā išallim, ina qaqqar ālim išallim.]
šum-ma i-na A.ŠA₃ la i-šal-lim i-na qa-qa-ar a-lim i-šal-lim
If he is not satisfied with (a field of corresponding value) outside (of the city), he will be (with one) inside the city.

to receive full payment, obtain financial satisfaction


menûm

menûm (G, i, durative imenne, perfect imtene, preterite imne, imperative mene)

imenne (durative)
imtene (perfect)
imne (preterite)
mene (imperative)
menûm (infinitive)
mēnûm (participle)
menûm (adjective)
emenne (durative first-person singular)
emtene (first-person perfect singular)
emne (first-person preterite singular)
lumne (first-person imperative singular)
temenne (durative masculine second-person singular)
temtene (masculine perfect second-person singular)
temne (masculine preterite second-person singular)
mene (imperative masculine second-person singular)
temennî (durative feminine second-person singular)
temtenî (feminine perfect second-person singular)
temnî (feminine preterite second-person singular)
menî (feminine imperative second-person singular)
imenne (durative singular third-person)
imtene (perfect singular third-person)
imne (preterite singular third-person)
limne (imperative singular third-person)
nimenne (durative first-person plural)
nimtene (first-person perfect plural)
nimne (first-person plural preterite)
i nimne (first-person imperative plural)
temenneā (durative plural second-person)
temteneā (perfect plural second-person)
temneā (plural preterite second-person)
meneā (imperative plural second-person)
imennû (durative masculine plural third-person)
imtenû (masculine perfect plural third-person)
imnû (masculine plural preterite third-person)
limnû (imperative masculine plural third-person)
imenneā (durative feminine plural third-person)
imteneā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
imneā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
limneā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

From Proto-Semitic *mny-. Cognate with Arabic مَنِيّ (maniyy, “ejaculation, sperm”).


pīrum

akk-noun

pīrum m or f (plural pīrū m or pīrātum f)

pīrū (masculine plural)
pīrātum (feminine plural)
Assyrian (Babylonian Middle)
Neo-Assyrian (Babylonian)

desc

→ Old Persian: 𐎱𐎡𐎽𐎢𐏁 (p-i-ru-u-š /piruš/, “ivory”)

→ Elamite: 𒉿𒊑𒌝𒈾 (pi-ri-um-na, “from ivory”)"

→ Middle Persian: pyl (pīl)

Persian: پیل (pil)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیل (pil)

→ Ossetian: пыл (pyl), пил (pil)

desctree

→ Arabic: فِيل (fīl)
→ Azerbaijani: فیل / фил / fil (fil)
→ Judeo-Tat: fil / фил / פאִל (fil / фил / fil)
→ Central Kurdish: فیل (fîl)
→ Middle Armenian: ֆիլ (fil)
Armenian: ֆիլ (fil)
→ Old Norse: fíll
Faroese: fílur
Icelandic: fíll
⇒ Old Norse: fílsbein (“ivory”)
Icelandic: fílsbein
Danish: filsben
→ Ottoman Turkish: فیل (fil)
Turkish: fil
→ Albanian: fil
→ Laz: ჶილი (fili)
→ Serbo-Croatian: fȉl／фи̏л
⇒ Ottoman Turkish: فیل دیشی (fildişi, “ivory”)
Turkish: fildişi
→ Romanian: fildeș
→ Serbo-Croatian: фѝлдиш / fìldiš
→ Greek: φίλντισι (fílntisi)
→ Persian: فیل (fil)
→ Bashkir: фил (fil)
→ Yagnobi: фил (fil)
→ Chechen: пийл (piı̇l)
→ Georgian: ჶილი (fili) — Fereydan
→ Hindi: फ़ील (fīl)
→ Kazakh: піл (pıl)
→ Kyrgyz: пил (pil)
→ Northern Kurdish: fîl
→ Pashto: پيل (pil)
→ Tajik: фил (fil)
→ Tatar: фил (fil)
→ Turkmen: pil
→ Urdu: فیل (fīl)
→ Uyghur: پىل (pil)
→ Uzbek: fil
→ Old Spanish: alfil (“bishop (chess)”)
Spanish: alfil
→ Asturian: alfil
→ Galician: alfil
→ Catalan: alfil
⇒ Arabic: عَظْم اَلْفِيل (ʕaẓm al-fīl, “ivory”)
→ Old Spanish: almalfil
Spanish: marfil
→ Galician: marfil
→ Catalan: marfil
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: marfil, almafil
Portuguese: marfim

→ Georgian: სპილო (sṗilo), პილო (ṗilo)

→ Old Armenian: փիղ (pʻił)

Armenian: փիղ (pʻiġ)

Usually regarded as a loanword from some other non-Semitic or Afroasiatic language. Has been compared to Middle Egyptian pꜣ-ꜣb(w) (with the Egyptian definite article prefixed; reconstructed as /piʀ-ˈʀuːbaw/), from which Ancient Greek ἐλ-έφας (el-éphas) (whence also English elephant) and Latin eb-ur (“ivory”) are derived, too. Blažek 1998 postulates Proto-Semitic *pirl-, with assimilation r-l → r-r or r-l → l-l, yielding Akkadian forms 𒉿𒄿𒊒 (pīru) and 𒉿𒄿𒇻 (pīlu). Alternatively also said to be a loan from Proto-Dravidian *pal.


qištum

akk-noun

qištum f (construct state qišti, plural qišātum)

Compare Aramaic ܩܝܣܐ (qaysā, “wood, tree”).


guḫlum

kohl, antimony paste (used as eye paint)


maḫāṣum

akk-verb

maḫāṣum (G, a, durative imaḫḫaṣ, perfect imtaḫaṣ, preterite imḫaṣ, imperative maḫaṣ)

imaḫḫaṣ (durative)
imtaḫaṣ (perfect)
imḫaṣ (preterite)
maḫaṣ (imperative)
maḫāṣum (infinitive)
māḫiṣum (participle)
maḫṣum (adjective)
amaḫḫaṣ (durative first-person singular)
amtaḫaṣ (first-person perfect singular)
amḫaṣ (first-person preterite singular)
lumḫaṣ (first-person imperative singular)
tamaḫḫaṣ (durative masculine second-person singular)
tamtaḫaṣ (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tamḫaṣ (masculine preterite second-person singular)
maḫaṣ (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tamaḫḫaṣī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tamtaḫṣī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tamḫaṣī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
maḫṣī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
imaḫḫaṣ (durative singular third-person)
imtaḫaṣ (perfect singular third-person)
imḫaṣ (preterite singular third-person)
limḫaṣ (imperative singular third-person)
nimaḫḫaṣ (durative first-person plural)
nimtaḫaṣ (first-person perfect plural)
nimḫaṣ (first-person plural preterite)
i nimḫaṣ (first-person imperative plural)
tamaḫḫaṣā (durative plural second-person)
tamtaḫṣā (perfect plural second-person)
tamḫaṣā (plural preterite second-person)
maḫṣā (imperative plural second-person)
imaḫḫaṣū (durative masculine plural third-person)
imtaḫṣū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
imḫaṣū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
limḫaṣū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
imaḫḫaṣā (durative feminine plural third-person)
imtaḫṣā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
imḫaṣā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
limḫaṣā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

Cognate with Hebrew מָחַץ (mɔḥáṣ) and Ugaritic 𐎎𐎃𐎕 (mḫṣ /maḫiṣa/, “to hit, kill”).

cog

Hebrew מָחַץ (mɔḥáṣ)

𒄿𒈾 𒈠𒄩𒍣𒅎 𒊭 𒇷𒅁𒁉𒊭 𒍑𒋫𒁲𒅆
[ina maḫāṣim ša libbiša uštaddīši]
i-na ma-ḫa-ṣi₂-im ša li-ib-bi-ša uš-ta-di-ši
He has made her lose her child by beating her.


damqum

akk-adjective

damqum (feminine damiqtum, masculine plural damqūtum, feminine plural damqātum, predicative damiq)

damiqtum (feminine)
damqūtum (masculine plural)
damqātum (feminine plural)
damiq (predicative)

𒀭𒉌𒀀𒌈 𒁮𒂵 [anniātum damqā]

verbal adjective of damāqum:
good, fine (of good quality), pleasant

pretty, handsome, beautiful, fair, nice, shapely, comely, cute, bonny, chick, elegant, glamorous

fortunate, happy, lucky, favourable, well-off, well-to-do

verbal adjective of damāqum:
noble, aristocrat

benevolent, kind, genteel, benign, chivalrous

able-bodied, qualified, capable, skilled


maqātum

akk-verb

maqātum (G, u, durative imaqqut, perfect imtaqut, preterite imqut, imperative muqut)

imaqqut (durative)
imtaqut (perfect)
imqut (preterite)
muqut (imperative)
maqātum (infinitive)
māqitum (participle)
maqtum (adjective)
amaqqut (durative first-person singular)
amtaqut (first-person perfect singular)
amqut (first-person preterite singular)
lumqut (first-person imperative singular)
tamaqqut (durative masculine second-person singular)
tamtaqut (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tamqut (masculine preterite second-person singular)
muqut (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tamaqqutī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tamtaqtī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tamqutī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
muqtī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
imaqqut (durative singular third-person)
imtaqut (perfect singular third-person)
imqut (preterite singular third-person)
limqut (imperative singular third-person)
nimaqqut (durative first-person plural)
nimtaqut (first-person perfect plural)
nimqut (first-person plural preterite)
i nimqut (first-person imperative plural)
tamaqqutā (durative plural second-person)
tamtaqtā (perfect plural second-person)
tamqutā (plural preterite second-person)
muqtā (imperative plural second-person)
imaqqutū (durative masculine plural third-person)
imtaqtū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
imqutū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
limqutū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
imaqqutā (durative feminine plural third-person)
imtaqtā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
imqutā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
limqutā (feminine imperative plural third-person)


rapāšum

rapāšum (G, i, durative irappiš, perfect irtapiš, preterite irpiš, imperative ripiš)

irappiš (durative)
irtapiš (perfect)
irpiš (preterite)
ripiš (imperative)

Compare Biblical Hebrew פָּרַשׂ (pɔráś, “to spread, stretch out”).

cog

to be or become wide, broad, large, to increase, to expand


šakānum

šakānum (infinitive)
šākinum (participle)
šaknum (adjective)
ašakkan (durative first-person singular)
aštakan (first-person perfect singular)
aškun (first-person preterite singular)
luškun (first-person imperative singular)
tašakkan (durative masculine second-person singular)
taštakan (masculine perfect second-person singular)
taškun (masculine preterite second-person singular)
šukun (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tašakkanī (durative feminine second-person singular)
taštaknī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
taškunī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
šuknī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
išakkan (durative singular third-person)
ištakan (perfect singular third-person)
iškun (preterite singular third-person)
liškun (imperative singular third-person)
nišakkan (durative first-person plural)
ništakan (first-person perfect plural)
niškun (first-person plural preterite)
i niškun (first-person imperative plural)
tašakkanā (durative plural second-person)
taštaknā (perfect plural second-person)
taškunā (plural preterite second-person)
šuknā (imperative plural second-person)
išakkanū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ištaknū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
iškunū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
liškunū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
išakkanā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ištaknā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
iškunā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
liškunā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

Compare سكن (sakana, “to dwell, to live”), הֵכִין (heḵin, “to establish, set up”), hif'il of כ־ו־ן (k-w-n), and 𐎌𐎋𐎐 (škn, “to establish”), Š-stem of 𐎋𐎐 (kn, “to be”).

to establish, install, appoint, assign, impose


marāṣum

akk-verb

marāṣum (G, a, durative imarraṣ, perfect imtaraṣ, preterite imraṣ, imperative maraṣ)

imarraṣ (durative)
imtaraṣ (perfect)
imraṣ (preterite)
maraṣ (imperative)
marāṣum (infinitive)
māriṣum (participle)
marṣum (adjective)
amarraṣ (durative first-person singular)
amtaraṣ (first-person perfect singular)
amraṣ (first-person preterite singular)
lumraṣ (first-person imperative singular)
tamarraṣ (durative masculine second-person singular)
tamtaraṣ (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tamraṣ (masculine preterite second-person singular)
maraṣ (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tamarraṣī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tamtarṣī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tamraṣī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
marṣī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
imarraṣ (durative singular third-person)
imtaraṣ (perfect singular third-person)
imraṣ (preterite singular third-person)
limraṣ (imperative singular third-person)
nimarraṣ (durative first-person plural)
nimtaraṣ (first-person perfect plural)
nimraṣ (first-person plural preterite)
i nimraṣ (first-person imperative plural)
tamarraṣā (durative plural second-person)
tamtarṣā (perfect plural second-person)
tamraṣā (plural preterite second-person)
marṣā (imperative plural second-person)
imarraṣū (durative masculine plural third-person)
imtarṣū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
imraṣū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
limraṣū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
imarraṣā (durative feminine plural third-person)
imtarṣā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
imraṣā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
limraṣā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

From Proto-Semitic *maraṣ̂- (“to be ill”). Compare Arabic مَرِضَ (mariḍa, “to be sick”) and Biblical Hebrew נִמְרַץ (nimraṣ, “to be sore”).

cog

𒂊𒉡𒈠 𒀀𒈾𒆪 𒁕𒀭𒉌𒅖 𒄠𒋫𒊏𒊍 𒌑𒁀𒀭 𒇻 𒆷 𒈪𒋫𒆪
[enūma anāku danniš amtaraṣ ubān lū lā mītāku]
e-nu-ma a-na-ku da-an-ni-iš am-ta-ra-aṣ u-ba-an lu la mi-ta-ku
At that time I was very ill an came within an inch of dying.

to be difficult, troublesome, cause of annoyance

(with eli, ina muḫḫi, ana) to become displeasing to

𒊮𒊭𒈗𒅎𒊏𒊍 [libbum ša šarrim imraṣ]

(with libbum as subject) to become angry, displeased


ṣabātum

ṣabātum (infinitive)
ṣābitum (participle)
ṣabtum (adjective)
aṣabbat (durative first-person singular)
aṣṣabat (first-person perfect singular)
aṣbat (first-person preterite singular)
luṣbat (first-person imperative singular)
taṣabbat (durative masculine second-person singular)
taṣṣabat (masculine perfect second-person singular)
taṣbat (masculine preterite second-person singular)
ṣabat (imperative masculine second-person singular)
taṣabbatī (durative feminine second-person singular)
taṣṣabtī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
taṣbatī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
ṣabtī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
iṣabbat (durative singular third-person)
iṣṣabat (perfect singular third-person)
iṣbat (preterite singular third-person)
liṣbat (imperative singular third-person)
niṣabbat (durative first-person plural)
niṣṣabat (first-person perfect plural)
niṣbat (first-person plural preterite)
i niṣbat (first-person imperative plural)
taṣabbatā (durative plural second-person)
taṣṣabtā (perfect plural second-person)
taṣbatā (plural preterite second-person)
ṣabtā (imperative plural second-person)
iṣabbatū (durative masculine plural third-person)
iṣṣabtū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
iṣbatū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
liṣbatū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
iṣabbatā (durative feminine plural third-person)
iṣṣabtā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
iṣbatā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
liṣbatā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

From Proto-Semitic *ṣbṭ- (“to seize, take hold of, catch”). Compare Arabic ضَبَطَ (ḍabaṭa, “to take, hold”) and Biblical Hebrew צָבַט (ṣɔḇáṭ, “to reach, hold”).


qātum

Unknown. According to Lipiński, related to Somali qaad (“to take”).

(in the plural) guarantee, security, pledge


qaštum

akk-noun

qaštum f (construct state qašat, plural qašātum)

Cognate with Arabic قَوْس (qaws, “bow”) and Biblical Hebrew קֶשֶׁת (qɛ́šɛṯ, “bow”).

(design, mathematics) bow (geometrical figure)


balāṭum

akk-verb

balāṭum (G, u, durative iballuṭ, perfect ibtaluṭ, preterite ibluṭ, imperative buluṭ)

iballuṭ (durative)
ibtaluṭ (perfect)
ibluṭ (preterite)
buluṭ (imperative)
balāṭum (infinitive)
bāliṭum (participle)
balṭum (adjective)
aballuṭ (durative first-person singular)
abtaluṭ (first-person perfect singular)
abluṭ (first-person preterite singular)
lubluṭ (first-person imperative singular)
taballuṭ (durative masculine second-person singular)
tabtaluṭ (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tabluṭ (masculine preterite second-person singular)
buluṭ (imperative masculine second-person singular)
taballuṭī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tabtalṭī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tabluṭī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
bulṭī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
iballuṭ (durative singular third-person)
ibtaluṭ (perfect singular third-person)
ibluṭ (preterite singular third-person)
libluṭ (imperative singular third-person)
niballuṭ (durative first-person plural)
nibtaluṭ (first-person perfect plural)
nibluṭ (first-person plural preterite)
i nibluṭ (first-person imperative plural)
taballuṭā (durative plural second-person)
tabtalṭā (perfect plural second-person)
tabluṭā (plural preterite second-person)
bulṭā (imperative plural second-person)
iballuṭū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ibtalṭū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
ibluṭū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
libluṭū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
iballuṭā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ibtalṭā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
ibluṭā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
libluṭā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

𒁍𒇻𒌓 𒁮𒆠𒅖 [buluṭ damqiš]


eqlum

akk-noun

eqlum m (construct state eqel, plural eqlētum f)

eqel (construct)
eqlētum (feminine plural)

From Proto-Semitic *ḥaḳl- (“field”). Cognate with Arabic حَقْل (ḥaql, “field”) and Aramaic חקלא (ḥaqlā, “field”).


gamārum

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew גָּמַר (gɔmár, “to finish, complete”). Compare also Arabic جَمَّرَ (jammara, “to collect together”).


gamārum

akk-verb

gamārum (G, a-u, durative igammar, perfect igtamar, preterite igmur, imperative gumur)

igammar (durative)
igtamar (perfect)
igmur (preterite)
gumur (imperative)
gamārum (infinitive)
gāmirum (participle)
gamrum (adjective)
agammar (durative first-person singular)
agtamar (first-person perfect singular)
agmur (first-person preterite singular)
lugmur (first-person imperative singular)
tagammar (durative masculine second-person singular)
tagtamar (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tagmur (masculine preterite second-person singular)
gumur (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tagammarī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tagtamrī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tagmurī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
gumrī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
igammar (durative singular third-person)
igtamar (perfect singular third-person)
igmur (preterite singular third-person)
ligmur (imperative singular third-person)
nigammar (durative first-person plural)
nigtamar (first-person perfect plural)
nigmur (first-person plural preterite)
i nigmur (first-person imperative plural)
tagammarā (durative plural second-person)
tagtamrā (perfect plural second-person)
tagmurā (plural preterite second-person)
gumrā (imperative plural second-person)
igammarū (durative masculine plural third-person)
igtamrū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
igmurū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
ligmurū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
igammarā (durative feminine plural third-person)
igtamrā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
igmurā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
ligmurā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

(ina with infinitive) to finish (doing something)

𒀀𒊮 𒀭𒉌𒄠 𒅆𒅁𒊏𒄠 𒄿𒂵𒈠𒅈𒈠 𒄿𒅁𒁉𒌍
A.ŠA₃ an-ni-am ši-ip-ra-am i-ga-ma-ar-ma i-ip-pe₂-eš
/eqlam anniam šipram igammar-ma ippeš/
He will work this field completely.

(in hendiadys) to do something completely


maḫārum

maḫārum (G, a-u, durative imaḫḫar, perfect imtaḫar, preterite imḫur, imperative muḫur)

imaḫḫar (durative)
imtaḫar (perfect)
imḫur (preterite)
muḫur (imperative)
maḫārum (infinitive)
māḫirum (participle)
maḫrum (adjective)
amaḫḫar (durative first-person singular)
amtaḫar (first-person perfect singular)
amḫur (first-person preterite singular)
lumḫur (first-person imperative singular)
tamaḫḫar (durative masculine second-person singular)
tamtaḫar (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tamḫur (masculine preterite second-person singular)
muḫur (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tamaḫḫarī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tamtaḫrī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tamḫurī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
muḫrī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
imaḫḫar (durative singular third-person)
imtaḫar (perfect singular third-person)
imḫur (preterite singular third-person)
limḫur (imperative singular third-person)
nimaḫḫar (durative first-person plural)
nimtaḫar (first-person perfect plural)
nimḫur (first-person plural preterite)
i nimḫur (first-person imperative plural)
tamaḫḫarā (durative plural second-person)
tamtaḫrā (perfect plural second-person)
tamḫurā (plural preterite second-person)
muḫrā (imperative plural second-person)
imaḫḫarū (durative masculine plural third-person)
imtaḫrū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
imḫurū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
limḫurū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
imaḫḫarā (durative feminine plural third-person)
imtaḫrā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
imḫurā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
limḫurā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

Compare Sabaean 𐩣𐩭𐩧 (mḫr, “to face, oppose, fight”) and Soqotri meḥor (“to offer”).

cog

(with itti or ina qātim ša) to accept, receive

𒄿𒈾 𒊑𒌍 𒉿𒅈𒄭𒅎 𒀭𒉌𒅎 𒄿𒈾 𒋗𒁀𒀜 𒀭𒂗𒆤𒆠 𒋫𒈠𒄴𒄩𒊏𒀭𒉌
[ina rēš warḫim annîm ina Šubat-Enlil tamaḫḫaranni]
i-na re-eš wa-ar-ḫi-im an-ni-im i-na šu-ba-at ᵈEN.LIL₂ᵏⁱ ta-ma-aḫ-ḫa-ra-an-ni
You shall meet me in Šubat-Enlil at the very beginning of this month.

𒅔 𒈗 𒋫𒄠𒄷𒌨 [īn šarrim tamḫur]


dannum

akk-adj

dannum (feminine dannatum, masculine plural dannūtum, feminine plural dannātum, predicative dan)

dannatum (feminine)
dannūtum (masculine plural)
dannātum (feminine plural)
dan (predicative)

verbal adjective of danānum:
strong, solid, fortified

verbal adjective of danānum:
powerful, mighty

verbal adjective of danānum:
fierce, savage

𒅆𒅁𒊒𒌝 𒊭 𒍝𒀊𒋫𒆪 𒈠𒁲𒅖 𒁕𒀭
[šiprum ša ṣabtāku mādiš dan]
ši-ip-ru-um ša ṣa-ab-ta-ku ma-di-iš da-an
The whork I have undertook is very difficult.

𒆜 𒁕𒈾𒀜 [ḫarrānum dannat]

verbal adjective of danānum:
difficult, severe, dangerous


ḫalqum

ḫalqum (feminine ḫaliqtum, masculine plural ḫalqūtum, feminine plural ḫalqātum)

ḫaliqtum (feminine)
ḫalqūtum (masculine plural)
ḫalqātum (feminine plural)

lost (object), missing (animal or person)

verbal adjective of ḫalāqum:
ruined (field)


tamkārum

→ Sumerian: 𒁮𒃼 (dam-gar₃ /damgar/)

From the verb makārum (“to do business”).


šaptum

From Proto-Semitic *śapat- (“lip”). Cognate with Arabic شَفَة (šafa) and Biblical Hebrew שָׂפָה (śɔp̄ɔ).


bīt ṭuppim

bīt ṭuppātim (plural)
Neo-Assyrian (Babylonian Standard)
Neo-Babylonian (Babylonian Standard)

From 𒂍 (bīt, “house”) + 𒁾𒁀 (ṭuppim, “of the tablet”), literally “tablet house”. Compare Biblical Hebrew בַּיִת (báyiṯ, “house; school”) and Mishnaic Hebrew בֵּית סֵפֶר (beṯ séfɛr, “school”, literally “book house”). Compare the formation Persian دبستان (dabestân).


ikkarum

desc

ܐܱܟ݁ܳܪܴܐ (ʾakkārā)

→ Aramaic: אִכָּרֵא (ʾikkārā), אִיכָּרָא (ʾikkārā) — plene, ܐܱܟ݁ܳܪܴܐ (ʾakkārā) — Syriac, 𐡀𐡊𐡓𐡀 (ʾkrʾ) — Imperial, ܐܱܟ݁ܳܪܴܐ (ʾakkārā)

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒀳 (engar, “farmer”).


burāšum

>? Ancient Greek: βράθυ (bráthu, “savin”) (see there for further descendants)

Related to Aramaic בְּרָתָא (bərāṯā) and Biblical Hebrew בְּרוֹשׁ (bəroš). Suggested to be an old borrowing from Proto-Iranian *hampr̥sā.

cog

Aramaic בְּרָתָא (bərāṯā)

a tree of the cypress family, most likely a juniper


pūrum

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒁓 (bur, “shallow bowl”).


simmiltum

→ Aramaic:

Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܣܠܘܡܐ

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: סולם, סלם

Jewish Literary Aramaic: סוּלַם (sulam)

desc

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: סוּלָּמָא (sullāmā), סוּלָמָא (sulāmā)

Classical Syriac: ܣܒܠܬܐ (sebbelṯā)

Classical Mandaic: ࡎࡅࡌࡁࡉࡋࡕࡀ (sumbiltā)

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܣܸܡܲܠܬܵܐ (simmaltā), ܣܸܡܸܠܬܵܐ (simmiltā)

→ Hebrew: סֻלָּם (sullɔ́m)


darārum

akk-verb

darārum (G, a-u, durative idarrar, perfect iddarar, preterite idrur, imperative durur)

idarrar (durative)
iddarar (perfect)
idrur (preterite)
durur (imperative)
darārum (infinitive)
dārirum (participle)
darrum (adjective)
adarrar (durative first-person singular)
addarar (first-person perfect singular)
adrur (first-person preterite singular)
ludrur (first-person imperative singular)
tadarrar (durative masculine second-person singular)
taddarar (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tadrur (masculine preterite second-person singular)
durur (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tadarrarī (durative feminine second-person singular)
taddarrī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tadrurī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
durrī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
idarrar (durative singular third-person)
iddarar (perfect singular third-person)
idrur (preterite singular third-person)
lidrur (imperative singular third-person)
nidarrar (durative first-person plural)
niddarar (first-person perfect plural)
nidrur (first-person plural preterite)
i nidrur (first-person imperative plural)
tadarrarā (durative plural second-person)
taddarrā (perfect plural second-person)
tadrurā (plural preterite second-person)
durrā (imperative plural second-person)
idarrarū (durative masculine plural third-person)
iddarrū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
idrurū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lidrurū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
idarrarā (durative feminine plural third-person)
iddarrā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
idrurā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lidrurā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

to be free (of a task), move about freely, run off


andurārum

Neo-Assyrian (Babylonian Standard)
Neo-Babylonian (Babylonian Standard)

Compare Biblical Hebrew דְּרוֹר (dərór, “freedom”).

cog

freedom, exemption
remission of commercial debts

freedom, exemption
manumission (of private slaves)


Šabāṭum

desc

→ Hebrew: שְׁבָט (šə̆ḇɔ́ṭ, “Shevat”)

→ Hebrew: שְׁבָט (šə̆ḇɔ́ṭ, “Shevat”)

→ Aramaic: שְׁבָט (šəḇāṭ)

→ Aramaic: שְׁבָט (šəḇāṭ)

Classical Syriac: ܫܒܛ

→ Arabic: شُبَاط (šubāṭ)

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܫܒ݂ܵܛ (šḇāṭ)

Unknown. Spelt with 𒌚 (ITI, “month”) and 𒀾 (ZIZ₂, “emmer”).

𒌚𒀾 𒌚 𒁕𒀀𒁍𒌝 𒋗𒌑
ITI.ZIZ₂ ITI ṭa-a-bu-um šu-u₂
/Šabāṭum warḫum ṭābum šū/
Šabāṭum is a favorable month

Šabāṭu Šabāṭu

Šabāṭu, the eleventh month of the Babylonian calendar


qerûm

From Proto-Semitic *ḳ-r-ʔ (“to call, invite”). Cognate with Arabic قَرَأَ (qaraʔa, “to read”) and Biblical Hebrew קָרָא (qɔrɔ́ʔ, “to call; to read”).


qimmatum

Compare Arabic قِمَّة (qimma, “top, peak”) and Tigre ጋሜ (gamme, “frontlet, headband”).

decorative element of a building, column or other architectural element

(figurative) top
part of the disk of the moon


adānum

Compare Arabic مَوْعِد (mawʕid, “date, appointment”) and Biblical Hebrew מוֹעֵד (moʕéḏ, “appointed time”).

adānu

Old Babylonian, Standard Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian

fixed date, time limit (a moment in time at the end of a specified period)

period of time (of predetermined length or characterized by a sequence of specific events)


idīnum

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒂔 (eden, “plain, open country”).

bor

(Standard Babylonian) desert, steppe, plain


amūtum

Considered from a Proto-Semitic form *miʕay- (“intestine, tharm”) or closely similar to it.

(extispicy) liver (of a sacrificial sheep, examined by the haruspex)

(extispicy) (liver) omen (findings on a sheep's liver)


ṣalmum

akk-adjective

ṣalmum (feminine ṣalimtum or ṣalittum, masculine plural ṣalmūtum, feminine plural ṣalmātum)

ṣalimtum (feminine)
ṣalittum (feminine)
ṣalmūtum (masculine plural)
ṣalmātum (feminine plural)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܨܲܠܡܵܐ (ṣalmā, “cherry”)

Compare Arabic ظَلِمَ (ẓalima, “to be(come) dark”) and Biblical Hebrew צַלְמָוֶת (ṣalmɔ́wɛṯ, “deep shadow”).

cog

verbal adjective of ṣalāmum:
black, dark

verbal adjective of ṣalāmum:
black haired (person)


ṣalmum

akk-noun

ṣalmum m (construct state ṣalam, plural ṣalmū or ṣalmānū)

ṣalam (construct)
ṣalmū (plural)
ṣalmānū (plural)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew צֶלֶם (ṣɛ́lɛm) and, by dissimilation of /l/ to /n/, Arabic صَنَم (ṣanam).


mūšum

mūšum m (construct state mūš or mūši, plural mūšū)

mūš (construct)
mūši (construct)
mūšū (plural)

From Proto-Semitic *mušy- (“night”). Cognate with Arabic مَسَاء (masāʔ, “evening”) and Biblical Hebrew אֶמֶשׁ (ʾɛ́mɛš, “night, darkness”).


nēšum

From Proto-Semitic *naḥaš- (“lion”). Cognate with Arabic حَنَش (ḥanaš, “snake, viper”) and Biblical Hebrew נָחָשׁ (nɔḥɔš, “snake”).


lābum

From Proto-Semitic *labuʔ- (“lion”). Cognate with Arabic لَبُؤَة (labuʔa, “lioness”) and Biblical Hebrew לָבִיא (lɔḇíʔ, “lion”).


kašdum

akk-adj

kašdum (feminine kašittum, masculine plural kašdūtum, feminine plural kašdātum, predicative kašid)

kašittum (feminine)
kašdūtum (masculine plural)
kašdātum (feminine plural)
kašid (predicative)
Neo-Babylonian (Babylonian Standard)

successful, achieved, accomplished, attained, conquered


sīsûm

Likely a borrowing from an Indo-European satem-language. Cognate with Compare Hebrew סוּס (sūs), Aramaic סוּסְיָא (sūsəyā), Phoenician 𐤎𐤎 (ss /sys/), Classical Syriac ܣܘܣܝܐ (sūsyā) and Ugaritic 𐎒𐎒𐎆 (ssw). Compare also Arabic سِيسِيّ (sīsiyy, “pony”).

(astronomy) the name of a constellation.


šallūrum

Possibly from Hurrian 𒄑𒄒 (GIŠ.KIB /*s̄all-orə/), whence also Middle Armenian սալոր (salor, “plum”). Probably related to Sumerian 𒄒 (šennur, “plum”).

a fruit tree and its fruit, probably a plum


enzum

From Proto-Semitic *ʕVnz- (“goat”). Compare Arabic عَنْز (ʕanz) and Biblical Hebrew עֵז (ʕez).


amārum

akk-verb

amārum (G, a-u, durative immar, perfect ītamar, preterite īmur, imperative amur)

immar (durative)
ītamar (perfect)
īmur (preterite)
amur (imperative)
amārum (infinitive)
āmirum (participle)
amrum (adjective)
ammar (durative first-person singular)
ātamar (first-person perfect singular)
āmur (first-person preterite singular)
lūmur (first-person imperative singular)
tammar (durative masculine second-person singular)
tātamar (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tāmur (masculine preterite second-person singular)
amur (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tammarī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tātamrī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tāmurī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
amrī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
immar (durative singular third-person)
ītamar (perfect singular third-person)
īmur (preterite singular third-person)
līmur (imperative singular third-person)
nimmar (durative first-person plural)
nītamar (first-person perfect plural)
nīmur (first-person plural preterite)
i nīmur (first-person imperative plural)
tammarā (durative plural second-person)
tātamrā (perfect plural second-person)
tāmurā (plural preterite second-person)
amrā (imperative plural second-person)
immarū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ītamrū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
īmurū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
līmurū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
immarā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ītamrā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
īmurā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
līmurā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

Cognate with Ugaritic 𐎀𐎎𐎗 (ảmr /ʾamara/, “to see; to say”). Compare also Arabic أَمَرَ (ʔamara, “to order, command”) and Biblical Hebrew אָמַר (ʔɔmár, “to say”).

cog

𒀀𒄯 [amur!]

to see, behold, look at, observe, witness, examine, inspect, notice

to experience, come across, find (an object, a site, etc.)

to find after searching, to look up (information), find (a result), come to know, realise, learn by experience

to read (a tablet, document, inscription, etc.)


malāḫum

→ Aramaic: מַלָּחָא (mallāḥā) / ܡܰܠܴܚܳܐ (mallāḥā)

→ Arabic: مَلَّاح (mallāḥ)

→ Hebrew: מַלָּח (mallā́ḥ)


kalûm

akk-noun

kalûm m (construct state kala or kali or kal, pronominal state kalû or kalî or kalâ)

kala (construct)
kali (construct)
kal (construct)
kalû (pronominal-state)
kalî (pronominal-state)
kalâ (pronominal-state)

From Proto-Semitic *kʷall- or *kull-. Cognate with Arabic كُلّ (kull) and Biblical Hebrew כֹּל (kól).

𒅗𒆷 𒀭𒎌

𒆬𒄀 𒅗𒇻𒋗

all the gold (literally, “the gold, all of it”)


šadûm

šadûm m (base šadu, construct state šad or šadi, plural šadû or šadânu or šadâtum f)

šad (construct)
šadi (construct)
šadû (plural)
šadânu (plural)
šadâtum (feminine plural)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew שָׂדֶה (śɔḏɛ, “field”) and Ugaritic 𐎌𐎄 (šd /šadû/, “field”).

šadwim

Old Akkadian, Old Assyrian, Old Babylonian

a mythological place corresponding to Sumerian 𒆳 (kur, “underworld”).


šadûm

From 𒆳 (šadûm, “mountain region; steppeland”) + 𒄿 (-ī, nisba suffix).


Abum

→ Hebrew: אָב (ʾāḇ, “Av”)

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܒ (ʾāḇ)

→ Arabic: آب (ʔāb)

Unknown. Spelt with 𒌚 (“month”) and 𒉈 (“fire”). Compare Arabic آب (ʔāb, “August”) and Hebrew אָב (ʾɔḇ).

Abu, the fifth month of the Babylonian calendar (approximately July-August)


išātum

From Proto-Semitic *ʔiš- (“fire”). Cognate with Biblical Hebrew אֵשׁ (ʔeš) and Ugaritic 𐎛𐎌𐎚 (ỉšt /ʔiššatu/).

𒀀𒁲 𒀭𒈪 𒌑𒉆𒈥 𒉈 𒀸 𒌋𒅗𒄭 𒂵𒊩𒆪 𒆷 𒋼𒉈𒇷
⟨a-di AN.GE₆ u₂-nam-mar IZI ina muḫ-ḫi ga-rak-ku la te-bel-le⟩

BRM 4, 06, Clay, Albert T., 1923, Lunar eclipse rituals, line 18

Until the eclipse becomes light, the fire on the altar must not be extinguished.

adi antallû unammar išātu ina muḫḫi garakku lā tebelle


Ḫammurapi

An Amorite compound name ʿAmmurāpi probably containing the elements *ʿammu (“a nation, a people, paternal ancestor”) + *rāpi (“healer”).

*ʿammu<t:a nation, a people, paternal ancestor>

𒄩𒄠𒈬𒊏𒁉 𒈗 𒌦 𒋗𒈨𒊑𒅎 𒅇 𒀝𒅗𒁲𒅎
[Ḫammurapi, šar māt Šumerîm u Akkadîm]
ḫa-am-mu-ra-pi₂ LUGAL KALAM šu-me-ri-im u₃ ak-ka-di-im
Ḫammurapi, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad

𒁹𒄩𒄠𒈬𒊏𒁉 𒁹𒁶𒋫𒊏𒉺𒀾𒌈
[Ḫammurapi: Kimtarapaštum]
ᵐḫa-am-mu-ra-pi₂ ᵐkim-ta-ra-pa-aš₂-tum
(the name) Ḫammurapi means "extensive family"
(5R 44 i 21)


narkabtum

From rakābum (“to ride”). Cognate with Arabic مَرْكَبَة (markaba, “vehicle, carriage”) and Biblical Hebrew מֶרְכָּבָה (merkɔḇɔ́, “charriot”).


ḫarrānum

→ Sumerian: 𒄯𒊏𒀭 (ḫar-ra-an /ḫarran/)

Unknown. Compare Biblical Hebrew הָרָן (ḥɔrɔ́n, “Haran, a Biblical place name”).

𒄩𒊏𒉡𒌝 𒄿𒊬𒌈
ḫa-ra-nu-um i-šar-tum
/ḫarrānum išartum/
the right path (the right behaviour)

road, way, path
(astronomy) path (of heavenly bodies)

road, way, path
path (of heavenly bodies)

(Old Assyrian, Old Babylonian) journey-money

journey, trip, travel
(Neo-Babylonian) trading capital

𒆜 𒀀𒆷𒆪𒌝

to perform military service (literally, “to go (on) military expedition”)

𒆜 𒍝𒁀𒌈

to take to the road, undertake a campaign


šēpum

akk-noun

šēpum f (construct state šēp or šēpi, dual šēpān, plural šēpētum or šēpātum)

šēp (construct)
šēpi (construct)
šēpān (dual)
šēpētum (plural)
šēpātum (plural)

Compare perhaps Biblical Hebrew פֶּשַׂע (pɛ́śaʕ, “step”), by metathesis.

cog

𒋗𒋛 𒄊 [ubān šēpim]

(extispicy) "foot" (a distinctive mark on the liver)


kīma

Compare Arabic كَمَا (kamā, “like”) and Biblical Hebrew כְּמוֹ (kəmó, “like”).

𒆠𒈠 𒈠𒁲𒅖 [kīma mādiš]

𒆠𒈠 𒄿𒈾𒀭𒈾 [kīma inanna]

right now (literally, “like (it was) now”)

𒆠𒈠 𒂊𒈬𒊌 𒍣𒀉𒋾𒊭 [kīma emūq zīttīša]

𒀀𒊮 𒆠𒈠 𒀀𒊮 𒄿𒈾𒁲𒅔 [eqlum kīma eqlim inaddin]


kīma

𒆠𒈠 𒁾𒁉 𒀭𒉌𒄠 𒋫𒄠𒈠𒊒
[kīma ṭuppī anniam tammaru]
ki-ma DUB-pi₂ an-ni-am ta-am-ma-ru
as soon as you read this tablet of mine

𒆠𒈠 𒀀𒈾 𒌷 𒋫𒀜𒋫𒍝𒀭𒉌 𒎙𒌓𒎌 𒆷 𒄿𒅋𒇷𒆪
[kīma ana ālim tattaṣanni ešrā ūmū la illiku]
ki-ma a-na URU ta-at-ta-ṣa-an-ni 20 UD.MEŠ la i-il-li-ku
not twenty days have passed since you left for the City

𒆠𒈠 𒈾𒁉𒅖𒋾 𒌦 𒀀𒊮 𒌑𒌌 𒋾𒁲
[kīma napišti mātim eqlum-ma ul tīdê]
ki-ma na-pi₂-iš-ti KALAM A.ŠA₃ u₂-ul ti-de
Do you not know that land is the life of the country?

𒆠𒈠 𒋾𒁺𒌑 [kīma tīdû]

𒆠𒈠 𒊭𒀜𒊒 𒈬𒍑𒅆𒅋 [kīma šaṭru muššil]

(comparative) as, according to, in the manner of


purussûm

akk-noun

purussûm m (base purussā, plural purussû)

From parāsum (“to separate; to decide a legal case”).

legal decision, resolution, verdict, case


rubātum

From 𒉣 (rubûm, “prince”) + -𒀀𒌈 (-atum, feminine suffix).


rubûm

From 𒃲 (rabûm, “to be big”). Cognate with Arabic رَبَا (rabā, “to grow, increase”) and Biblical Hebrew רָבָה (rɔḇɔ́, “to be great, increase”).


Akkade

→ Biblical Hebrew: אַכַּד (ʔakkáḏ)

→ Arabic: أَكَّد (ʔakkad), أَكَّاد (ʔakkād)

Unknown. It is thought to derive from the Akkadian word for "gate" or "city."

Akkad (a land in northern Babylonia and a city founded by Sargon of Akkad)


rēštum

akk-noun

rēštum f (construct state rēšti or rēšet, plural rēšētum)

rēšti (construct)
rēšet (construct)
rēšētum (plural)

From 𒊕 (rēšum, “head”). Compare Biblical Hebrew רֵאשִׁית (reʔšíṯ, “beginning”).

cog

(Old Babylonian) first instalment of a rent

top part, upper part, peak (of a mountain)


rē'ûm

Compare Arabic رَاعٍ (rāʕin, “herdsman”) and Biblical Hebrew רֹעֶה (roʕɛ́, “herdsman”).

participle of 𒊑𒂍𒌝 (re'ûm, “to pasture”):

(transferred) shepherd, protector (of humanity, of the land, etc.)


inūmīšu

From 𒄿𒈾 (ina, “in”) + 𒌓𒈪 (ūmī, “days”) + 𒋗 (šu, “its”), literally “in those days”.


annûm

akk-adj

annûm (feminine annītum, masculine plural annûtum, feminine plural anniātum, predicative anni)

annītum (feminine)
annûtum (masculine plural)
anniātum (feminine plural)
anni (predicative)

Compare Aramaic הָ־ (hā-, “this”) and perhaps Biblical Hebrew הַ(נ)־ (ha(n)-, definite article).

cog

𒈪𒉡𒌝 𒊭𒉺𒊒𒌝 𒀭𒉡𒌝 𒊭 𒋫𒀸𒁍𒊑𒅎
[mīnum šapārum annûm ša tašpurīm]
mi-nu-um ša-pa-ru-um an-nu-um ša ta-aš-pu-ri-im
What is this message you (f) sent me?

𒀀𒉌𒀀𒌈 𒀀𒈾 𒉌𒉌 𒁕𒄠𒂵
[anniātum ana ilī damqā]
a-ni-a-tum a-na i₃-li₂ da-am-qa₂
Are these (acts) pleasing to the gods?


maḫrum

Compare Sabaean 𐩣𐩭𐩧 (mḫr, “to face, oppose, fight”) and Soqotri [script needed] (meḥor, “to offer”).

𒀀𒉿𒀀𒌈 𒈠𒄯 𒂗𒅀 𒂵𒄠𒊏𒄣
[awâtum maḫar bēlīya gamrākum]
a-wa-a-tum ma-ḫar EN-ia ga-am-ra-kum
The affairs have been settled for you before my lord.

𒌨𒊏𒄠 𒈠𒄴𒊑𒅗 𒀀𒈾𒀀𒆪
[urram maḫrīka anāku]
ur-ra-am ma-aḫ-ri-ka a-na-a-ku
Tomorrow I will be with you.


maḫrûm

akk-adjective

maḫrûm (feminine maḫrītum, masculine plural maḫrûtum, feminine plural maḫriātum, predicative maḫrī)

maḫrītum (feminine)
maḫrûtum (masculine plural)
maḫriātum (feminine plural)
maḫrī (predicative)
Assyrian (Middle)

From 𒅆 (maḫrum, “front”) + 𒄿 (-ī, nisba suffix).


šaplûm

akk-adjective

šaplûm (feminine šaplītum, masculine plural šaplûtum, feminine plural šapliātum, predicative šaplī)

šaplītum (feminine)
šaplûtum (masculine plural)
šapliātum (feminine plural)
šaplī (predicative)

From 𒆠𒋫 (šaplum, “bottom”) + 𒄿 (-ī, nisba suffix). Compare Arabic سُفْلِيّ (sufliyy, “lower”).


šaplum

akk-noun

šaplum m (construct state šapal or šapla)

Cognate with Arabic سُفْل (sufl, “bottom”). Compare also Biblical Hebrew שָׁפָל (šɔp̄ɔl, “low”).


šunu

From Proto-Semitic *šum(ū) m (they). Cognate with Arabic هُمْ (hum) and Biblical Hebrew הֵם (hem).

1. This table gives Old Babylonian inflection.

2. Used to express the Accusative and Genitive case.

3. Used exclusively on adjectives to form the predicative construction.

5. Used on verbs. Always follows the Ventive.

those, these same (aforementioned masculine plural noun)


Utnapištim

(Mesopotamian mythology) Utnapishtim (last antediluvian king of Šuruppak, hero of the Mesopotamian flood story, corresponding to Biblical Noah)


kīrum

kīrātum (plural)
Neo-Babylonian (Babylonian Standard)

From Sumerian 𒌋𒀜 (gir₄ /gir/, “oven”). Cognate with Arabic جِير (jīr, “chalk, lime”) and Hebrew גִּיר (gir, “chalk, lime”).

oven, kiln (especially for lime and bitumen)


šīrum

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew שְׁאֵר (šəʾer, “flesh”) and Ugaritic 𐎌𐎛𐎗 (šỉr, “flesh”).


būdum

būdum f (construct state būd or būdi, dual būdān)

būd (construct)
būdi (construct)
būdān (dual)

Cognate with Eblaite 𒅤𒌈 (pu₃-tum /butum, budum/, “shoulders, the totality of the region between the two”), and compare also Arabic بَدَن (badan, “torso”).

cog

shoulder (region between shoulders including the neck of both humans and animals)


libittum

akk-noun

libittum f (construct state libitti, plural libnātum)

→ Hurrian: 𒀀𒈜𒋾 (a-lib-ti /alipši/)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: աղիւս (ałiws)
Armenian: աղյուս (ałyus), օղիս (ōłis), օղես (ōłes), աղոս (ałos), ուղիս (ułis) — dialectal
→ Persian: آخیز (âxiz)
Middle Armenian: աղոյս (ałoys)
→ Old Georgian: ალიზი (alizi)
Georgian: ალიზი (alizi)
→ Armenian: ալիզ (aliz) — Tbilisi

→ Ancient Greek: ἄλιψ (álips)

From a reconstructed Proto-Semitic *labin(a)t (“brick”); diffusing to other Semitic languages via the Akkadian term seems difficult to account and there has been no compelling reason to assume the Akkadian is the original source. More distantly a possible connection to Proto-Semitic *laban- (“dairy”) with compared developed verbal senses, to strain milk or yogurt of its whey, to thicken or coagulate, to solidify, to dry out, to become firm or solid pieces; hence the connection to drying and solidifying of bricks. Compare Eblaite 𒇷𒁀𒌈 (li-ba-tum /libittum, libattum/), Ugaritic 𐎍𐎁𐎐𐎚 (lbnt, “brick”), Hebrew לְבֵנָה (ləḇenɔ́, “sun-baked or dried-out brick”), Aramaic לְבִינְּתָּא (/ləḇinṯā, ləḇittā/), Classical Syriac ܠܒܬܐ (/ləḇettā/), Arabic لِبْنَة (libna) and لَبِنَة (labina).

cog

לְבִינְּתָּא

slab, cake, block (of material other than mud, like metal, stone, potash, dung, etc.)


'-l-k

From Proto-Semitic *halak- (“to go”). Cognate with Arabic ه ل ك (h-l-k) and Biblical Hebrew ה־ל־ך (h-l-k, “related to going”).


dišpum

Compare Arabic دِبْس (dibs, “molasses”) and Biblical Hebrew דְּבַשׁ (dəḇaš, “honey”).


'-k-l

From Proto-Semitic *ʔakal- (“to eat; food”). Cognate with Arabic ء ك ل (ʔ-k-l) and Biblical Hebrew א־כ־ל (ʔ-k-l).


Igigū

(plural only, Old Babylonian, Standard Babylonian) Igigi, a collective name for the "great gods"

(plural only, Middle Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian) Igigi, the gods of heaven (as opposed to the Anunnakkū, the gods of the netherworld)


zamārum

zamārum (infinitive)
zāmirum (participle)
zamrum (adjective)
azammur (durative first-person singular)
azzamur (first-person perfect singular)
azmur (first-person preterite singular)
luzmur (first-person imperative singular)
tazammur (durative masculine second-person singular)
tazzamur (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tazmur (masculine preterite second-person singular)
zumur (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tazammurī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tazzamrī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tazmurī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
zumrī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
izammur (durative singular third-person)
izzamur (perfect singular third-person)
izmur (preterite singular third-person)
lizmur (imperative singular third-person)
nizammur (durative first-person plural)
nizzamur (first-person perfect plural)
nizmur (first-person plural preterite)
i nizmur (first-person imperative plural)
tazammurā (durative plural second-person)
tazzamrā (perfect plural second-person)
tazmurā (plural preterite second-person)
zumrā (imperative plural second-person)
izammurū (durative masculine plural third-person)
izzamrū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
izmurū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lizmurū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
izammurā (durative feminine plural third-person)
izzamrā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
izmurā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lizmurā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

From Proto-Semitic *zamar- (“to make music”). Cognate with Arabic زَمَرَ (zamara, “to play a reed instrument”) and Biblical Hebrew זִמֵּר (zimmer, “to sing”).

to sing (with or without instrumental accompaniment)


'-d-š

From Proto-Semitic *ḥdθ- (“to be new”). Cognate with Arabic ح د ث (ḥ-d-ṯ) and Biblical Hebrew ח־ד־ש (ḥ-d-š).

ar-root

ح د ث (ḥ-d-ṯ)


eššum

akk-adj

eššum (feminine eššetum or edištum, masculine plural eššūtum, feminine plural eššētum, predicative ediš)

eššetum (feminine)
edištum (feminine)
eššūtum (masculine plural)
eššētum (feminine plural)
ediš (predicative)


edēšum

akk-verb

edēšum (G, i, durative iddiš, perfect ītediš, preterite īdiš, imperative ediš)

iddiš (durative)
ītediš (perfect)
īdiš (preterite)
ediš (imperative)
edēšum (infinitive)
ēdišum (participle)
edšum (adjective)
eddiš (durative first-person singular)
ētediš (first-person perfect singular)
ēdiš (first-person preterite singular)
lūdiš (first-person imperative singular)
teddiš (durative masculine second-person singular)
tētediš (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tēdiš (masculine preterite second-person singular)
ediš (imperative masculine second-person singular)
teddišī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tētedšī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tēdišī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
edšī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
iddiš (durative singular third-person)
ītediš (perfect singular third-person)
īdiš (preterite singular third-person)
līdiš (imperative singular third-person)
niddiš (durative first-person plural)
nītediš (first-person perfect plural)
nīdiš (first-person plural preterite)
i nīdiš (first-person imperative plural)
teddišā (durative plural second-person)
tētedšā (perfect plural second-person)
tēdišā (plural preterite second-person)
edšā (imperative plural second-person)
iddišū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ītedšū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
īdišū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
līdišū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
iddišā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ītedšā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
īdišā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
līdišā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

From Proto-Semitic *ḥdθ- (“to be new”). Cognate with Arabic حَدُثَ (ḥaduṯa, “to be new”) and Biblical Hebrew חִדֵּשׁ (ḥiddéš, “to renew”).


makkūrum

From the verb makārum (“to do business”). Cognate with Biblical Hebrew מָכַר (mɔḵar, “to sell”).


dūrum

akk-noun

dūrum m (construct state dūr or dūri, plural dūrānū)

dūr (construct)
dūri (construct)
dūrānū (plural)

Compare Arabic دَوْر (dawr, “circle”) and Biblical Hebrew דּוּר (dur, “circle, ball”).


makārum

akk-verb

makārum (G, a-u, durative imakkar, perfect imtakar, preterite imkur, imperative mukur)

imakkar (durative)
imtakar (perfect)
imkur (preterite)
mukur (imperative)
Neo-Assyrian (Babylonian)
makārum (infinitive)
mākirum (participle)
makrum (adjective)
amakkar (durative first-person singular)
amtakar (first-person perfect singular)
amkur (first-person preterite singular)
lumkur (first-person imperative singular)
tamakkar (durative masculine second-person singular)
tamtakar (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tamkur (masculine preterite second-person singular)
mukur (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tamakkarī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tamtakrī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tamkurī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
mukrī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
imakkar (durative singular third-person)
imtakar (perfect singular third-person)
imkur (preterite singular third-person)
limkur (imperative singular third-person)
nimakkar (durative first-person plural)
nimtakar (first-person perfect plural)
nimkur (first-person plural preterite)
i nimkur (first-person imperative plural)
tamakkarā (durative plural second-person)
tamtakrā (perfect plural second-person)
tamkurā (plural preterite second-person)
mukrā (imperative plural second-person)
imakkarū (durative masculine plural third-person)
imtakrū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
imkurū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
limkurū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
imakkarā (durative feminine plural third-person)
imtakrā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
imkurā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
limkurā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

𒀸𒋳 𒀀𒊮 𒈠𒅗𒊑𒅎 𒊭 𒋫𒀾𒁍𒊏𒄠 𒈬𒌑 𒈠𒁺𒈠 𒀀𒈠𒅗𒅈
[aššum eqlim makārim ša tašpuram mû mādū-ma amakkar]
aš-šum A.ŠA₃ ma-ka-ri-im ša ta-aš₂-pu-ra-am mu-u₂ ma-du-ma a-ma-ka-ar
Concerning the irrigation of the field about which you wrote to me, as soon as there is plenty of water, I will irrigate it.

𒀀𒈾 𒀀𒊮 𒈠𒅗𒀸 𒆷 𒋼𒅅𒄀
[ana eqlim makārum lā teggi]
a-na A.ŠA₃ ma-ka-rum la te-eg-gi
Do not be careless concerning the irrigation of the field.


makārum

makārum (G, a, durative imakkar, perfect imtakar, preterite imkar, imperative makar)

imakkar (durative)
imtakar (perfect)
imkar (preterite)
makar (imperative)
makārum (infinitive)
mākirum (participle)
makrum (adjective)
amakkar (durative first-person singular)
amtakar (first-person perfect singular)
amkar (first-person preterite singular)
lumkar (first-person imperative singular)
tamakkar (durative masculine second-person singular)
tamtakar (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tamkar (masculine preterite second-person singular)
makar (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tamakkarī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tamtakrī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tamkarī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
makrī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
imakkar (durative singular third-person)
imtakar (perfect singular third-person)
imkar (preterite singular third-person)
limkar (imperative singular third-person)
nimakkar (durative first-person plural)
nimtakar (first-person perfect plural)
nimkar (first-person plural preterite)
i nimkar (first-person imperative plural)
tamakkarā (durative plural second-person)
tamtakrā (perfect plural second-person)
tamkarā (plural preterite second-person)
makrā (imperative plural second-person)
imakkarū (durative masculine plural third-person)
imtakrū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
imkarū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
limkarū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
imakkarā (durative feminine plural third-person)
imtakrā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
imkarā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
limkarā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew מָכַר (mɔḵár, “to sell”).

cog

to do business, use (silver, etc) in business transactions


igārum

igārātum (feminine plural)
igārū (masculine plural)

desc

→ Aramaic: 𐡀𐡂𐡓𐡀 (ʾgrʾ), אִיגָּרָא, ܐܶܓܳܪܳܐ (ʾeggārā)

desctree

→ Arabic: إِجَّار (ʔijjār), إِنْجَار (ʔinjār), إِجَّارَة (ʔijjāra)
→ Sicilian: anzara, anźara, anzaru, azzaru, aźara (“roof”)

From earlier Sumerian 𒂍𒋞 (e₂-gar₈ /egar/, “wall of a building”).


ayyum

akk-adj

ayyum (feminine ayyītum, masculine plural ayyūtum, feminine plural ayyātum)

ayyītum (feminine)
ayyūtum (masculine plural)
ayyātum (feminine plural)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔayy- (“which, what”). Cognate with Arabic أَيّ (ʔayy) and Biblical Hebrew אַי (ʔay).


inbum

akk-noun

inbum m (construct state inib, plural inbū)

Compare Arabic عِنَب (ʕinab, “grape”) and Biblical Hebrew עֵנָב (ʕenɔ́ḇ, “grape”).

sexual attractiveness and power, sex appeal


ezēbum

akk-verb

ezēbum (G, i, durative izzib, perfect ītezib, preterite īzib, imperative ezib)

izzib (durative)
ītezib (perfect)
īzib (preterite)
ezib (imperative)
ezēbum (infinitive)
ēzibum (participle)
ezbum (adjective)
ezzib (durative first-person singular)
ētezib (first-person perfect singular)
ēzib (first-person preterite singular)
lūzib (first-person imperative singular)
tezzib (durative masculine second-person singular)
tētezib (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tēzib (masculine preterite second-person singular)
ezib (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tezzibī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tētezbī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tēzibī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
ezbī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
izzib (durative singular third-person)
ītezib (perfect singular third-person)
īzib (preterite singular third-person)
līzib (imperative singular third-person)
nizzib (durative first-person plural)
nītezib (first-person perfect plural)
nīzib (first-person plural preterite)
i nīzib (first-person imperative plural)
tezzibā (durative plural second-person)
tētezbā (perfect plural second-person)
tēzibā (plural preterite second-person)
ezbā (imperative plural second-person)
izzibū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ītezbū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
īzibū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
līzibū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
izzibā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ītezbā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
īzibā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
līzibā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

From Proto-Semitic *ʕazab- (“to leave, forsake”). Cognate with Arabic عَزَبَ (ʕazaba, “to be far; to escape”) and Biblical Hebrew עָזַב (ʕɔzáḇ, “to leave”).

cog

𒂊𒍣𒅁 [ezib]

to leave, leave behind
to abandon, neglect

𒁮 𒂊𒍣𒂊𒁍𒌝 [aššatam ezēbum]

to get divorced (literally, “to leave a wife”)

to entrust, leave (with someone)
to lend money


kišpum

From the verb kašāpum (“to cast spells, bewitch”).

(usually in the plural) sorcery, evil spell, witchcraft


sāsum

From Proto-Semitic *sūs- (“moth”). Cognate with Arabic سُوس (sūs, “moth”) and Biblical Hebrew סָס (sɔs, “clothes moth”).

(Ras Shamra, Standard Babylonian) a type of stone


šūšum

Cognate with Arabic سُوس (sūs) and Hebrew שׁוּשׁ (šuš).


Ayyārum

→ Biblical Hebrew: אִיָּר (ʔiyyɔ́r)

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܝܪ (ʾīyār)

→ Arabic: أَيَّار (ʔayyār)

Spelled with 𒌚 (“month”) and 𒄞 (“bull”).

Ayyāru, the second month of the Babylonian calendar


kabtum

akk-adjective

kabtum (feminine kabittum, masculine plural kabtūtum, feminine plural kabtātum, predicative kabit)

kabittum (feminine)
kabtūtum (masculine plural)
kabtātum (feminine plural)
kabit (predicative)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew כָּבֵד (kɔḇéḏ, “heavy”).

verbal adjective of kabātum:
heavy, dense, abundant, substantial

verbal adjective of kabātum:
severe, serious, dangerous

honoured, important, influential, venerable

verbal adjective of kabātum:
(nominalised) important person, VIP

verbal adjective of kabātum:
important person, VIP


Addarum

desc

→ Biblical Hebrew: אֲדָר (ʾăḏār, “Adar”)

→ Aramaic: אֲדָר (ʾăḏār)

→ Arabic: آذَار (ʔāḏār)

→ Arabic: آذَار (ʔāḏār)

Unknown. Spelt with 𒌚 (“month”) and 𒊺 (“grain”).

Adar, the twelfth month of the Babylonian calendar (approximately February-March)


šūrum

From Proto-Semitic *ṯawr- (“bull, ox”). Cognate with Arabic ثَوْر (ṯawr) and Biblical Hebrew שׁוֹר (šor).

𒋗𒌨 𒊭𒈠𒄿


tittum

From Proto-Semitic *tiʔin- (“fig”). Cognate with Arabic تِين (tīn) and Biblical Hebrew תְּאֵנָה (təʾenɔ́).


kabātum

akk-verb

kabātum (G, i, durative ikabbit, perfect iktabit, preterite ikbit, imperative kibit)

ikabbit (durative)
iktabit (perfect)
ikbit (preterite)
kibit (imperative)
kabātum (infinitive)
kābitum (participle)
kabtum (adjective)
akabbit (durative first-person singular)
aktabit (first-person perfect singular)
akbit (first-person preterite singular)
lukbit (first-person imperative singular)
takabbit (durative masculine second-person singular)
taktabit (masculine perfect second-person singular)
takbit (masculine preterite second-person singular)
kibit (imperative masculine second-person singular)
takabbitī (durative feminine second-person singular)
taktabtī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
takbitī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
kibtī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
ikabbit (durative singular third-person)
iktabit (perfect singular third-person)
ikbit (preterite singular third-person)
likbit (imperative singular third-person)
nikabbit (durative first-person plural)
niktabit (first-person perfect plural)
nikbit (first-person plural preterite)
i nikbit (first-person imperative plural)
takabbitā (durative plural second-person)
taktabtā (perfect plural second-person)
takbitā (plural preterite second-person)
kibtā (imperative plural second-person)
ikabbitū (durative masculine plural third-person)
iktabtū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
ikbitū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
likbitū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
ikabbitā (durative feminine plural third-person)
iktabtā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
ikbitā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
likbitā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

From Proto-Semitic, cognate with Arabic كَبَّدَ (kabbada, “to place a weight or burden on”) and Biblical Hebrew כָּבֵד (kɔḇéḏ, “to be heavy; to be honoured”).


warkānum

From the preposition 𒂕 (warka, “after, behind”).


līlum

From Proto-Semitic *layl- (“night”). Cognate with Arabic لَيْل (layl, “nighttime”) and Biblical Hebrew לַיִל (láyil, “night”).


līliātum

From 𒇷𒈝 (līlum, “night”) + -𒀀𒌈 (-ātum, plural feminine suffix).


warkatum

Cognate with Arabic وَرِك (warik, “hip, buttock”) and Biblical Hebrew יָרֵךְ (yɔreḵ, “thigh, side”).

cog

𒉿𒅈𒅗𒌓 𒉺𒊏𒋢𒌝 [warkatam parāsum]

to investigate the circumstances of a case


narûm

akk-noun

narûm m (base naru or narā, plural narû)

From Sumerian 𒈾𒆕𒀀 (na-ru₂-a /narua/, “stela”).

bor

𒀀𒉿𒋾𒅀 𒋗𒆪𒊏𒁴 𒄿𒈾 𒈾𒊒𒅀 𒀸𒄙𒈠 𒄿𒈾 𒈠𒄯 𒀩𒅀 𒈗 𒈪𒊭𒊑𒅎 𒌑𒆠𒅔

1755–1750 BCE, King Hammurabi of Babylon, translated by CDLI, Hammurabi Code, The Louvre, Epilogue, lines 74–78:

I wrote my precious words on my stela and placed them under a representation of me as king of justice

a-wa-ti-ia šu-qu₂-ra-tim i-na na-ru-ia aš-ṭur-ma i-na ma-ḫar ALAN-ia LUGAL mi-ša-ri-im u₂-ki-in

stela (for publicising inscriptions, decrees, etc.)

(Middle Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian) boundary stone


qabrum

Cognate with Arabic قَبْر (qabr, “grave”) and Biblical Hebrew קֶבֶר (qɛ́ḇɛr, “grave”).


q-b-r

Cognate with Arabic ق ب ر (q-b-r) and Biblical Hebrew ק־ב־ר (q-b-r).


m-k-r

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew מ־כ־ר (m-k-r, “related to selling”) and Arabic م ك ر (m-k-r, “related to plotting”) which was restricted in meaning.


qebērum

akk-verb

qebērum (G, e, durative iqebbir, perfect iqtebir, preterite iqbir, imperative qibir)

iqebbir (durative)
iqtebir (perfect)
iqbir (preterite)
qibir (imperative)
Assyrian (Babylonian Middle)
Neo-Assyrian (Babylonian)
qebērum (infinitive)
qēbirum (participle)
qebrum (adjective)
eqebbir (durative first-person singular)
eqtebir (first-person perfect singular)
eqbir (first-person preterite singular)
luqbir (first-person imperative singular)
teqebbir (durative masculine second-person singular)
teqtebir (masculine perfect second-person singular)
teqbir (masculine preterite second-person singular)
qibir (imperative masculine second-person singular)
teqebbirī (durative feminine second-person singular)
teqtebrī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
teqbirī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
qibrī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
iqebbir (durative singular third-person)
iqtebir (perfect singular third-person)
iqbir (preterite singular third-person)
liqbir (imperative singular third-person)
niqebbir (durative first-person plural)
niqtebir (first-person perfect plural)
niqbir (first-person plural preterite)
i niqbir (first-person imperative plural)
teqebbirā (durative plural second-person)
teqtebrā (perfect plural second-person)
teqbirā (plural preterite second-person)
qibrā (imperative plural second-person)
iqebbirū (durative masculine plural third-person)
iqtebrū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
iqbirū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
liqbirū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
iqebbirā (durative feminine plural third-person)
iqtebrā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
iqbirā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
liqbirā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

From 𒀍 (qabrum, “grave”). Cognate with Arabic قَبَرَ (qabara) and Biblical Hebrew קָבַר (qɔḇar).

to roll up in clothes or reed mat (in preparation for burial)


tarlugallum

tarlugallū (plural)
Neo-Assyrian (Babylonian)

desc

→ Biblical Hebrew: תַּרְנְגוֹל (tarnǝḡol)

→ Classical Syriac: ܬܪܢܓܠܐ (tarnāḡ(ǝ)lā)

From Sumerian 𒁯𒈗𒄷 (dar-lugal^(mušen) /darlugal/, “rooster”).

bor

(astronomy, with determinative 𒀯) the name of a star or constellation


ebbūbum

→ Biblical Hebrew: אַבּוּב (ʔabbúḇ)

desc

→ Aramaic: אַבּוּבָא (ʾabbūḇā)

→ Aramaic: אַבּוּבָא (ʾabbūḇā)

→ Arabic: أُنْبُوب (ʔunbūb)


Šumerum

Unknown. Compare Biblical Hebrew שִׁנְעָר (šinʕɔ́r) and its listed cognates.


Šumerum

𒅴𒂠 𒀀𒄩𒍪𒌝

𒇷𒊭𒀭 𒋗𒈨𒊑𒅎 𒋫𒄠𒅆𒅋 𒀝𒅗𒁲𒅎 𒂊𒁺𒌝
li-ša-an šu-me-ri-im ta-am-ši-il ak-ka-di-im e-du-um
/lišān Šumerim tamšīl Akkadîm edûm/
to know the Akkadian counterpart of the Sumerian


napāšum

akk-verb

napāšum (G, u, durative inappuš, perfect ittapuš, preterite ippuš, imperative upuš)

inappuš (durative)
ittapuš (perfect)
ippuš (preterite)
upuš (imperative)
napāšum (infinitive)
nāpišum (participle)
napšum (adjective)
anappuš (durative first-person singular)
attapuš (first-person perfect singular)
appuš (first-person preterite singular)
luppuš (first-person imperative singular)
tanappuš (durative masculine second-person singular)
tattapuš (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tappuš (masculine preterite second-person singular)
upuš (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tanappušī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tattapšī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tappušī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
upšī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
inappuš (durative singular third-person)
ittapuš (perfect singular third-person)
ippuš (preterite singular third-person)
lippuš (imperative singular third-person)
ninappuš (durative first-person plural)
nittapuš (first-person perfect plural)
nippuš (first-person plural preterite)
i nippuš (first-person imperative plural)
tanappušā (durative plural second-person)
tattapšā (perfect plural second-person)
tappušā (plural preterite second-person)
upšā (imperative plural second-person)
inappušū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ittapšū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
ippušū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lippušū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
inappušā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ittapšā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
ippušā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lippušā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

Cognate with Arabic تَنَفَّسَ (tanaffasa, “to breathe”) and Biblical Hebrew נָפַשׁ (nɔp̄áš, “to breathe”).


gigurû

From Sumerian 𒌋 (giguru), from 𒄀 (gi, “reed”) + 𒄥 (gur, “to turn”) + 𒀀 (a, nominalizing suffix), literally “reed stylus turned around”, indicating the antecedent of the sign 𒌋, a circular hole made with the butt end of the stylus.

compound

name of the cuneiform sign 𒌋 (Winkelhaken)


santakkum

From Sumerian 𒁹 (santak₄, sag̃tak₄ /sag̃tak/, “triangle; wedge”).


miḫiṣtum

miḫṣātum (plural)
Neo-Babylonian (Babylonian Middle)

From 𒈠𒄩𒍮 (maḫāṣum, “to beat; to weave”).


ḫamṭu

From the verb 𒄩𒈠𒌅𒌝 (ḫamāṭum, “to be quick”).

(Middle Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian) quick, swift, sudden

(Standard Babylonian, grammar) ḫamṭu ("quick (pronunciation)", used in the description of Sumerian verbs to refer to the perfective form)


marûm

akk-adjective

marûm (feminine marītum, predicative mari)

marītum (feminine)
mari (predicative)
Nuzi (Babylonian)

From the verb 𒈠𒊒𒌑𒌝 (marûm, “to fatten”).

(Standard Babylonian, grammar) marû ("slow (pronunciation)", used in the description of Sumerian verbs to refer to the imperfective form)


šiqdum

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew שָׁקֵד (šɔqeḏ, “almond”).

cog

𒅇 𒅆𒅅𒁕𒄠 𒋗𒁉𒇴

u₃ ši-iq-da-am šu-bi-lam /u šiqdam šūbilam/


petûm

akk-verb

petûm (G, e, durative ipette, perfect iptete, preterite ipte, imperative pete)

ipette (durative)
iptete (perfect)
ipte (preterite)
pete (imperative)
petûm (infinitive)
pētûm (participle)
petûm (adjective)
epette (durative first-person singular)
eptete (first-person perfect singular)
epte (first-person preterite singular)
lupte (first-person imperative singular)
tepette (durative masculine second-person singular)
teptete (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tepte (masculine preterite second-person singular)
pete (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tepettî (durative feminine second-person singular)
teptetî (feminine perfect second-person singular)
teptî (feminine preterite second-person singular)
petî (feminine imperative second-person singular)
ipette (durative singular third-person)
iptete (perfect singular third-person)
ipte (preterite singular third-person)
lipte (imperative singular third-person)
nipette (durative first-person plural)
niptete (first-person perfect plural)
nipte (first-person plural preterite)
i nipte (first-person imperative plural)
tepetteā (durative plural second-person)
tepteteā (perfect plural second-person)
tepteā (plural preterite second-person)
peteā (imperative plural second-person)
ipettû (durative masculine plural third-person)
iptetû (masculine perfect plural third-person)
iptû (masculine plural preterite third-person)
liptû (imperative masculine plural third-person)
ipetteā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ipteteā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
ipteā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lipteā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

Cognate with Arabic فَتَحَ (fataḥa, “to open”) and Biblical Hebrew פָּתַח (pɔṯaḥ, “to open”).


petûm

akk-adj

petûm (feminine petītum, predicative peti)

verbal adjective of 𒉿𒌅𒌑𒌝 (petûm):
remote, far-off


kabattum

From Proto-Semitic *kabid- (“liver”). Cognate with Arabic كَبِد (kabid) and Biblical Hebrew כָּבֵד (kɔḇéḏ).

(transferred sense) mood, temper, humour, mind, intention (used in parallelism with 𒊮 (libbum))


banûm

akk-verb

banûm (G, i, durative ibanni, perfect ibtani, preterite ibni, imperative bini)

ibanni (durative)
ibtani (perfect)
ibni (preterite)
bini (imperative)
banûm (infinitive)
bānûm (participle)
banûm (adjective)
abanni (durative first-person singular)
abtani (first-person perfect singular)
abni (first-person preterite singular)
lubni (first-person imperative singular)
tabanni (durative masculine second-person singular)
tabtani (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tabni (masculine preterite second-person singular)
bini (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tabannî (durative feminine second-person singular)
tabtanî (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tabnî (feminine preterite second-person singular)
binî (feminine imperative second-person singular)
ibanni (durative singular third-person)
ibtani (perfect singular third-person)
ibni (preterite singular third-person)
libni (imperative singular third-person)
nibanni (durative first-person plural)
nibtani (first-person perfect plural)
nibni (first-person plural preterite)
i nibni (first-person imperative plural)
tabanniā (durative plural second-person)
tabtaniā (perfect plural second-person)
tabniā (plural preterite second-person)
biniā (imperative plural second-person)
ibannû (durative masculine plural third-person)
ibtanû (masculine perfect plural third-person)
ibnû (masculine plural preterite third-person)
libnû (imperative masculine plural third-person)
ibanniā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ibtaniā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
ibniā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
libniā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

Cognate with Arabic بَنَى (banā) and Biblical Hebrew בָּנָה (bɔnɔ́).

to build, construct, form, make, manufacture


ašrum

akk-noun

ašrum m or f (construct state ašar, plural ašrū m or ašrātum f)

ašar (construct)
ašrū (masculine plural)
ašrātum (feminine plural)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔaṯar- (“footstep, trace”). Cognate with Arabic أَثَر (ʔaṯar, “trace, sign”) and Biblical Hebrew אֲשֶׁר (ʔăšɛ́r, a relativizer), אֲתָר (ʔăṯɔ́r, “site, location”).

cog

𒀀𒊬 𒀭𒌑𒅆 [ašar Šamši]

in the open (literally, “"a sunny place"”)

𒀀𒊭𒅈 𒅖𒋼𒂗 [ašar ištēn]

together, unanimously (literally, “in one place”)


ṣalālum

akk-verb

ṣalālum (G, a, durative iṣallal, perfect iṣtalal, preterite iṣlal, imperative ṣilal)

iṣallal (durative)
iṣtalal (perfect)
iṣlal (preterite)
ṣilal (imperative)
ṣalālum (infinitive)
ṣālilum (participle)
ṣallum (adjective)
aṣallal (durative first-person singular)
aṣṣalal (first-person perfect singular)
aṣlal (first-person preterite singular)
luṣlal (first-person imperative singular)
taṣallal (durative masculine second-person singular)
taṣṣalal (masculine perfect second-person singular)
taṣlal (masculine preterite second-person singular)
ṣalal (imperative masculine second-person singular)
taṣallalī (durative feminine second-person singular)
taṣṣallī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
taṣlalī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
ṣallī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
iṣallal (durative singular third-person)
iṣṣalal (perfect singular third-person)
iṣlal (preterite singular third-person)
liṣlal (imperative singular third-person)
niṣallal (durative first-person plural)
niṣṣalal (first-person perfect plural)
niṣlal (first-person plural preterite)
i niṣlal (first-person imperative plural)
taṣallalā (durative plural second-person)
taṣṣallā (perfect plural second-person)
taṣlalā (plural preterite second-person)
ṣallā (imperative plural second-person)
iṣallalū (durative masculine plural third-person)
iṣṣallū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
iṣlalū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
liṣlalū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
iṣallalā (durative feminine plural third-person)
iṣṣallā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
iṣlalā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
liṣlalā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

to lie down, sleep, be at rest, be still, be peaceful, lie still

(transferred sense) to lie with (sexually)


errēšum

From the verb 𒂊𒊑𒋳 (erēšum, “to sow, cultivate”).


eršum

akk-noun

eršum f (construct state ereš, plural eršētum)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew עֶרֶשׂ (ʕɛ́rɛś, “couch, bed”) and with a secondary meaning derived from that of "bedfellow" the Arabic عِرْس (ʕirs, “husband, whife”).


mītum

akk-adjective

mītum (feminine mīttum, masculine plural mītūtum, feminine plural mītātum, predicative mīt)

mīttum (feminine)
mītūtum (masculine plural)
mītātum (feminine plural)
mīt (predicative)

Cognate with Arabic مَيِّت (mayyit) and Biblical Hebrew מֵת (méṯ).


mâtum

akk-verb

mâtum (G, a-u, durative imât, perfect imtūt, preterite imūt, imperative mūt)

imât (durative)
imtūt (perfect)
imūt (preterite)
mūt (imperative)
mâtum (infinitive)
māitum (participle)
mītum (adjective)
amât (durative first-person singular)
amtūt (first-person perfect singular)
amūt (first-person preterite singular)
lumūt (first-person imperative singular)
tamât (durative masculine second-person singular)
tamtūt (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tamūt (masculine preterite second-person singular)
mūt (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tamuttī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tamtūtī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tamūtī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
mūtī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
imât (durative singular third-person)
imtūt (perfect singular third-person)
imūt (preterite singular third-person)
limūt (imperative singular third-person)
nimât (durative first-person plural)
nimtūt (first-person perfect plural)
nimūt (first-person plural preterite)
i nimūt (first-person imperative plural)
tamuttā (durative plural second-person)
tamtūtā (perfect plural second-person)
tamūtā (plural preterite second-person)
mūtā (imperative plural second-person)
imuttū (durative masculine plural third-person)
imtūtū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
imūtū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
limūtū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
imuttā (durative feminine plural third-person)
imtūtā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
imūtā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
limūtā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

From Proto-Semitic *mawut- (“to die”). Cognate with Arabic مَاتَ (māta) and Biblical Hebrew מֵת (meṯ).


ziqnum

From Proto-Semitic *ḏaḳan- (“beard”). Cognate with Arabic ذَقَن (ḏaqan), ذِقْن (ḏiqn, “chin”) and Biblical Hebrew זָקָן (zɔqɔn, “beard”).


mūtum

From Proto-Semitic *mawt- (“death”). Cognate with Arabic مَوْت (mawt) and Biblical Hebrew מָוֶת (mɔ́weṯ).


pagrum

akk-noun

pagrum m (construct state pagar, plural pagrū)

Compare Classical Syriac ܦܲܓܪܵܐ (paḡrā, “body; corpse”) and Biblical Hebrew פֶּגֶר (pɛ́ḡɛr, “corpse”).
Classical Mandaic ࡐࡀࡂࡓࡀ (pāġrā, “body; corpse”)
# body

cog

self, person (often used as a reflexive pronoun)


ḫīṭum

akk-noun

ḫīṭum m (construct state ḫīt or ḫīti, plural ḫīṭū)

ḫīt (construct)
ḫīti (construct)
ḫīṭū (plural)

Cognate with Arabic خِطْء (ḵiṭʔ, “sin”) and Biblical Hebrew חֵטְא (ḥeṭʾ, “sin”).


zarāqum

akk-verb

zarāqum (G, i, durative izarriq, perfect izzariq, preterite izriq, imperative ziriq)

izarriq (durative)
izzariq (perfect)
izriq (preterite)
ziriq (imperative)
Neo-Assyrian (Babylonian Standard)
zarāqum (infinitive)
zāriqum (participle)
zarqum (adjective)
azarriq (durative first-person singular)
azzariq (first-person perfect singular)
azriq (first-person preterite singular)
luzriq (first-person imperative singular)
tazarriq (durative masculine second-person singular)
tazzariq (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tazriq (masculine preterite second-person singular)
ziriq (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tazarriqī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tazzarqī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tazriqī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
zirqī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
izarriq (durative singular third-person)
izzariq (perfect singular third-person)
izriq (preterite singular third-person)
lizriq (imperative singular third-person)
nizarriq (durative first-person plural)
nizzariq (first-person perfect plural)
nizriq (first-person plural preterite)
i nizriq (first-person imperative plural)
tazarriqā (durative plural second-person)
tazzarqā (perfect plural second-person)
tazriqā (plural preterite second-person)
zirqā (imperative plural second-person)
izarriqū (durative masculine plural third-person)
izzarqū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
izriqū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lizriqū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
izarriqā (durative feminine plural third-person)
izzarqā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
izriqā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lizriqā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew זָרַק (zɔráq, “to throw, toss”). Compare also Arabic ذَرَقَ (ḏaraqa, “to dung”).


epûm

akk-adjective

epûm (feminine epītum, masculine plural epûtum, feminine plural epiātu, predicative epi)

epītum (feminine)
epûtum (masculine plural)
epiātu (feminine plural)
epi (predicative)


epûm

akk-verb

epûm (G, i, durative ippi, perfect ītepi, preterite īpi, imperative epi)

ippi (durative)
ītepi (perfect)
īpi (preterite)
epi (imperative)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew אָפָה (ʔɔp̄ɔ́, “to bake”).


ēpûm

akk-noun

ēpûm m (base ēpi, plural ēpû, feminine ēpītum)

From the verb 𒂊𒁍𒌝 (epûm, “to bake”). Cognate with Biblical Hebrew אֹפֶה (ʔop̄ɛ́, “baker”).


ēpītum

From 𒂊𒁍𒌝 (ēpûm, “baker”) + -𒌈 (-tum, feminine suffix).


esēpum

akk-verb

esēpum (G, i, durative issip, perfect ītesip, preterite īsip, imperative esip)

issip (durative)
ītesip (perfect)
īsip (preterite)
esip (imperative)
esēpum (infinitive)
ēsipum (participle)
espum (adjective)
essip (durative first-person singular)
ētesip (first-person perfect singular)
ēsip (first-person preterite singular)
lūsip (first-person imperative singular)
tessip (durative masculine second-person singular)
tētesip (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tēsip (masculine preterite second-person singular)
esip (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tessipī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tētespī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tēsipī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
espī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
issip (durative singular third-person)
ītesip (perfect singular third-person)
īsip (preterite singular third-person)
līsip (imperative singular third-person)
nissip (durative first-person plural)
nītesip (first-person perfect plural)
nīsip (first-person plural preterite)
i nīsip (first-person imperative plural)
tessipā (durative plural second-person)
tētespā (perfect plural second-person)
tēsipā (plural preterite second-person)
espā (imperative plural second-person)
issipū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ītespū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
īsipū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
līsipū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
issipā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ītespā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
īsipā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
līsipā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew אָסַף (ʔɔsáp̄, “to collect”).

cog

to gather up, collect, scrape together, decant


šattam

Adverbial accusative of 𒈬 (šattum, “year”).

adverbial accusative

𒈬𒈠 𒄿𒈠𒀜