patrum

akk-noun

patrum m or f (construct state patar, plural patrū)


ilum

ilum m (construct state il or ili, dual ilān, plural ilū or ilānū, feminine iltum)

il (construct)
ili (construct)
ilān (dual)
ilū (plural)
ilānū (plural)
iltum (feminine)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔil- (“deity”). Cognate with Arabic إِلٰه (ʔilāh) and Biblical Hebrew אֵל (ʔel).


iltum

iltum f (construct state ilat, plural ilātum, masculine ilum)

ilat (construct)
ilātum (plural)
ilum (masculine)

From 𒀭 (ilum, “god”) + -𒌈 (-tum, feminine suffix). Akin to Arabic إِلَاهَة (ʔilāha) and Biblical Hebrew אֵלָה (ʔelɔ́).


ēkallum

akk-noun

ēkallum f (construct state ēkal, pronominal state ēkalla, plural ēkallātum)

ēkal (construct)
ēkalla (pronominal-state)
ēkallātum (plural)

→ Proto-West Semitic: *haykal- (probably)

desctree

Arabic: هَيْكَل (haykal)
→ English: haikal
→ Azerbaijani: həykəl
→ Ge'ez: ሀይከል (häykäl)
→ Classical Persian: هَیکَل (haykal)
Tajik: ҳайкал (haykal)
→ Uzbek: haykal
→ Azerbaijani: heykəl
→ Bashkir: һәйкәл (həykəl)
→ English: heykel
→ Northern Kurdish: heykel
→ Tatar: һәйкәл (häykäl)
→ Ottoman Turkish: هیکل (heykel)
Turkish: heykel
→ Zazaki: heykel
→ Swahili: hekalu
→ Turkmen: heýkel
→ Uyghur: ھەيكەل (heykel)
→ Uzbek: haykal

Aramaic:

Biblical Aramaic: הֵיכְלָא (hēḵəlā)

Classical Syriac: ܗܝܟܠܐ (haykəlā)
→ Sogdian: 𐼳𐼷𐼸𐽄𐼰 (hyklʾ /heykala/, “nave”)

Imperial Aramaic: 𐡄𐡉𐡊𐡋𐡀 (hyklʾ)

→ Ancient Greek: ἀειχάλας (aeikhálas)

Biblical Hebrew: הֵיכָל (heḵɔ́l)

→ Israeli Hebrew: היכל (heikhál)

Old South Arabian: 𐩠𐩺𐩫𐩡 (hykl)

→ Ugaritic: 𐎅𐎋𐎍 (hkl /hêkal/)

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒂍𒃲 (e₂-gal /ēgal/).

bor+

ši-ka-ar e-ka-al-li-im u₂-ul ni-iš-ti

𒅆𒅗𒅈 𒂊𒅗𒀠𒇷𒉎 𒌑𒌌 𒉌𒅖𒋾 [šikar ēkallim ul ništi]


walādum

walādum (infinitive)
wālidum (participle)
waldum (adjective)
ullid (durative first-person singular)
attalad (first-person perfect singular)
ulid (first-person preterite singular)
lulid (first-person imperative singular)
tullid (durative masculine second-person singular)
tattalad (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tulid (masculine preterite second-person singular)
lid (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tullidī (durative feminine second-person singular)
tattaldī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tuldī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
lidī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
ullid (durative singular third-person)
ittalad (perfect singular third-person)
ulid (preterite singular third-person)
lilid (imperative singular third-person)
nullid (durative first-person plural)
nittalad (first-person perfect plural)
nulid (first-person plural preterite)
i nilid (first-person imperative plural)
tullidā (durative plural second-person)
tattaldā (perfect plural second-person)
tuldā (plural preterite second-person)
lidā (imperative plural second-person)
ullidū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ittaldū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
uldū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lildū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
ullidā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ittaldā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
uldā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lildā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

from Proto-Semitic *walad-. Cognate with Arabic وَلَدَ (walada) and Biblical Hebrew יָלַד (yɔlaḏ).


muškēnum

→ Biblical Hebrew: מִסְכֵּן (miskēn)

→ Classical Syriac: ܡܶܣܟܸܝܢܳܐ (meskēnā)

→ Arabic: مِسْكِين (miskīn) (see there for further descendants)

Derived from the participle of 𒆠𒍝𒍝 (šukênum, “to prostrate oneself”).


amtum

akk-noun

amtum f (construct state amat, plural amātum)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔamat- (“maidservant”). Cognate with Arabic أَمَة (ʔama, “female slave”) and Biblical Hebrew אָמָה (ʔɔmɔ́, “female servant”).

cog

am-tum ša-am-tum iḫ-li-iq

the female slave that was purchased escaped


abum

akk-noun

abum m (construct state abi, pronominal state abū or abā or abī, plural abbū)

abi (construct)
abū (pronominal-state)
abā (pronominal-state)
abī (pronominal-state)
abbū (plural)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔabw- (“father”). Cognate with Arabic أَب (ʔab) and Biblical Hebrew אָב (ʔɔḇ).


mārtum

mārtum f (construct state mārat or mārti, plural mārātum, masculine mārum)

mārat (construct)
mārti (construct)
mārātum (plural)
mārum (masculine)

From 𒌉 (mārum, “son”) + -𒌈 (-tum, feminine suffix). Akin to Arabic مَرْأَة (marʔa).

af

wa-ar-ka-at si-ni-iš-tim šu-a-ti ša DUMU.MUNUS.MEŠ-ša u₃-ul ša mu-ti-ša ši-i

𒉿𒅈𒅗𒀜 𒋛𒉌𒅖𒁴 𒋗𒀀𒋾 𒊭 𒌉𒊩𒎌𒊭 𒌑𒌌 𒊭 𒈬𒋾𒊭 𒅆𒄿 [warkat sinništim šuāti ša mārātīša; ul ša mutīša šī]

That woman's estate (inheritance) belongs to her daughters; it doesn't belong to her husband.


mārum

akk-noun

mārum m (construct state mār or māri, plural mārū, feminine mārtum)

mār (construct)
māri (construct)
mārū (plural)
mārtum (feminine)

Compare Arabic الْمَرْء (al-marʔ, “the man”).


qaqqadum

→ Old Armenian: գագաթն (gagatʻn)

From Proto-Semitic *qadqad-. Compare Biblical Hebrew קָדְקֹד (qɔḏqóḏ, “the top of the head”) and Ugaritic 𐎖𐎄𐎖𐎄 (qdqd, “the top of the head”).


wardum

akk-noun

wardum m (construct state warad, plural wardū)

From Proto-Semitic *w-r-d- (“to be led, to descend, to be taken down from a place”), possibly corroborated by the logogram used to write this word, originally containing the sign 𒆳 (kur, “highland, foreign country”) (compare 𒀴 and 𒀵), the Sumerian term being likely derived from an Akkadian borrowing; compare Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (yarden).

urdu

Old Assyrian, Middle Assyrian, Neo-Assyrian

follower, subject of a king, worshiper of a deity


kirûm

akk-noun

kirûm m (base kiri, plural kirû m or kiriātum f)

kirû (masculine plural)
kiriātum (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒊬 (kiri₆ /kiri/).


ummum

ummum f (construct state ummi, pronominal state umma, plural ummātum)

ummi (construct)
umma (pronominal-state)
ummātum (plural)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔimm- (“mother”). Cognate with Arabic أُمّ (ʔumm) and Biblical Hebrew אֵם (ʾem).

𒌝𒈨𒉌 𒀜𒋾 [ummīni atti]


qanûm

head

qanûm m (base qana or qanu, plural qanû m or qanâtum f)

qanû (masculine plural)
qanâtum (feminine plural)

→ Eblaite: 𒄀 (qanuwum, qanûm)

desc

→ Aramaic: קַנְיָא

→ Aramaic: קַנְיָא / ܩܢܝܐ (qanyā)

→ Arabic: قَنَاة (qanāh)

→ Ethiopian:

Ge'ez: ኵናት (kʷənat), ኲናት (kʷinat)

Tigre: ኮናት (konat)

Tigrinya: ኵናት (kʷənat)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: κᾰ́ννᾱ (kánnā), κᾰ́ννη (kánnē) — Ionic
Greek: κάννη (kánni)
→ Latin: canna (see there for further descendants)
⇒ Latin: *cannālis, canālis (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Mycenaean Greek: 𐀒𐀜𐀛𐀠 (ko-no-ni-pi /konōni-pʰi/)

desctree

→ Hebrew: קָנֶה (qɔnɛ́, “stem, reed, cane”)
→ English: kaneh

→ Phoenician: *𐤒𐤍𐤀 (*qnʾ /qanā/)

Punic: 𐤒𐤍𐤀 (qnʾ /qanā/)
→ Kabyle: aɣanim (“reeds”)
→ Tashelhit: aɣanim (“reeds”)

→ Ugaritic: 𐎖𐎐 (qn, “cane; arrow”)


ṣeḫērum

From Proto-Semitic *ṣaɣir-. Cognate with Arabic صَغُرَ (ṣaḡura, “to be(come) small, young”) and Biblical Hebrew צָעַר (ṣɔʿar, “to be small, insignificant”).


aḫum

akk-noun

aḫum m (construct state aḫi, pronominal state aḫū or aḫā or aḫī, plural aḫḫū)

aḫi (construct)
aḫū (pronominal-state)
aḫā (pronominal-state)
aḫī (pronominal-state)
aḫḫū (plural)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔaḫw- (“brother”). Cognate with Arabic أَخ (ʔaḵ) and Biblical Hebrew אָח (ʔɔḥ).


dayyānum

Cognate with Arabic دَيَّان (dayyān) and Biblical Hebrew דַּיָּן (dayyɔ́n, “judge”).


aḫātum

From Proto-Semitic *ʔaḫwat- (“sister”). Equivalent to 𒋀 (aḫum, “brother”) + -𒀀𒌈 (-atum, feminine suffix). Cognate with Arabic أُخْت (ʔuḵt) and Biblical Hebrew אָחוֹת (ʔɔḥóṯ).


išarum

Cognate with Ugaritic 𐎜𐎌𐎗 (ủšr, “penis”).


bābum

bābū (masculine plural)
bābātum (feminine plural)

Aramaic: 𐡁𐡁𐡀 (bbʾ /bāḇāʾ/) / בבא (bāḇāʾ)

Arabic: بَاب (bāb)

Egyptian Arabic: بَاب (bāb)

Maltese: bieb

Middle Persian: 𐭡𐭡𐭠 (dar [BBA])

Cognate with Arabic بَاب (bāb, “gate”) and Aramaic בָּבָא (bāḇā, “gate”).


ziqqurratum

→ Arabic: زِقُّورَة (ziqqūra)

Hijazi Arabic: زِقُّورة (ziggūra)

→ Assamese: জিগুৰাত (zigurat)

→ Chinese:

Mandarin: 金字形神塔

→ Dutch: ziggoerat

→ English: ziggurat

→ Finnish: zikkurat

→ French: ziggourat, ziggurat

→ German: Zikkurat

→ Hebrew: זיקורת (zikurat)

→ Japanese: ジッグラト

→ Korean: 지구라트 (jigurateu)

→ Macedonian: зигура́т (zigurát)

→ Persian: زیگورات, ذیققورات (ziqqurat)

→ Polish: ziggurat

→ Russian: зиккура́т (zikkurát)

→ Spanish: zigurat

→ Turkish: ziggurat

From the verb zaqārum (“to build high”). Calque of Sumerian 𒅆𒂍𒉪 (u₆-nir /unir/).


biṣṣūrum

Cognate with Arabic بَظْر (baẓr, “clitoris”). Compare also the etymology of بَصَل (baṣal, “onion”).


dīnum

akk-noun

dīnum m (construct state dīn or dīni, plural dīnātum f)

dīn (construct)
dīni (construct)
dīnātum (feminine plural)

From Proto-Semitic *dVn- (“obligated conduct, moral or ethical decision, judgement, ruling”). Cognate with Arabic دِين (dīn, “religion; law”) and Biblical Hebrew דִּין (din, “law”).

inh

𒁲𒁁𒆷 [dīnum gamrum]

a-wi-lam di-na-am šu-ḫu-zu-um

𒀀𒉿𒇴 𒁲𒈾𒄠 𒋗𒄷𒍪𒌝 [awīlam dīnam šūḫuzum]


qaštum

akk-noun

qaštum f (construct state qašat, plural qašātum)

Cognate with Arabic قَوْس (qaws, “bow”) and Biblical Hebrew קֶשֶׁת (qɛ́šɛṯ, “bow”).

(design, mathematics) bow (geometrical figure)


purussûm

purussûm m (base purussā, plural purussû)

From parāsum (“to separate; to decide a legal case”).


rubûm

From 𒃲 (rabûm, “to be big”). Cognate with Arabic رَبَا (rabā, “to grow, increase”) and Biblical Hebrew רָבָה (rɔḇɔ́, “to be great, increase”).


Utnapištim

(Mesopotamian mythology) Utnapishtim (last antediluvian king of Šuruppak, hero of the Mesopotamian flood story, corresponding to Biblical Noah)


igārum

igārātum (feminine plural)
igārū (masculine plural)

desc

→ Aramaic: 𐡀𐡂𐡓𐡀 (ʾgrʾ), אִיגָּרָא, ܐܶܓܳܪܳܐ (ʾeggārā)

desctree

→ Arabic: إِجَّار (ʔijjār), إِنْجَار (ʔinjār), إِجَّارَة (ʔijjāra)
→ Sicilian: anzara, anźara, anzaru, azzaru, aźara (“roof”)

From earlier Sumerian 𒂍𒋞 (e₂-gar₈ /egar/, “wall of a building”).


warkatum

Cognate with Arabic وَرِك (warik, “hip, buttock”) and Biblical Hebrew יָרֵךְ (yɔreḵ, “thigh, side”).


ebbūbum

→ Biblical Hebrew: אַבּוּב (ʔabbúḇ)

desc

→ Aramaic: אַבּוּבָא (ʾabbūḇā)

→ Aramaic: אַבּוּבָא (ʾabbūḇā)

→ Arabic: أُنْبُوب (ʔunbūb)


ḫamṭu

From the verb 𒄩𒈠𒌅𒌝 (ḫamāṭum, “to be quick”).

(Standard Babylonian, grammar) ḫamṭu ("quick (pronunciation)", used in the description of Sumerian verbs to refer to the perfective form)


marûm

akk-adjective

marûm (feminine marītum, predicative mari)

marītum (feminine)
mari (predicative)
Nuzi (Babylonian)

From the verb 𒈠𒊒𒌑𒌝 (marûm, “to fatten”).

(Standard Babylonian, grammar) marû ("slow (pronunciation)", used in the description of Sumerian verbs to refer to the imperfective form)


eršum

akk-noun

eršum f (construct state ereš, plural eršētum)

Cognate with Biblical Hebrew עֶרֶשׂ (ʕɛ́rɛś, “couch, bed”) and with a secondary meaning derived from that of "bedfellow" the Arabic عِرْس (ʕirs, “husband, whife”).


šumēlum

From Proto-Semitic *šamʔāl- (“left hand/side”). Cognate with Arabic شِمَال (šimāl) and Biblical Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (śəmoʔl).

inh

the left
(military) left wing (of an army)


abullum

akk-noun

abullum f (construct state abul, pronominal state abulla, plural abullātum)

abul (construct)
abulla (pronominal-state)
abullātum (plural)

desc

→ Aramaic: אַבּוּלָא (ʾabbûlā, “city gate; portico, entryway”)

→ Biblical Hebrew: אַבּוּל (ʔabbúl, “arcade, gateway”)

→ Israeli Hebrew: אַבּוּל (abúl, “arcade, gateway”)

entrance gate (of a city, building or building complex)


abūbum

Compare Arabic أُبَاب (ʔubāb, “billow”) and the developments under the root ح ب ب (ḥ-b-b).

(mythology) the Deluge, the Flood (a monster with definite features)


sikkatum

→ Aramaic: סִכָּא (sikkā), סִכְּתָא (sikkəṯā)

→ Arabic: سَكّ (sakk), سَكِّيّ (sakkiyy), سِكَّة (sikka)

→ Mishnaic Hebrew: סִכָּה (sikkɔ́)

→ Israeli Hebrew: סִכָּה (siká)


tiāmtum

From Proto-Semitic *tihām-at- (sea). Cognate with Arabic تِهَامَة (tihāma) and Biblical Hebrew תְּהוֹם (təhóm).

(mythology) a mythological or deified locality


izuzzum

akk-verb

izuzzum (G, a-i, durative izzaz, perfect ittaziz, preterite izziz, imperative iziz)

izzaz (durative)
ittaziz (perfect)
izziz (preterite)
iziz (imperative)

From the N stem of an original II-w verb *zâzum.

(astrology) to be present, visible, in position


ḫūdum

From 𒄾 (ḫadûm, “to be happy, rejoice”). Compare Biblical Hebrew חֶדְוָה (ḥɛḏwɔ́, “joy”).

𒄿𒈾 𒄷𒌓 𒊮𒋗𒉡 [ina ḫūd libbīšunu]


qinnum

akk-noun

qinnum m or f (plural qinnū or qinnātum f)

qinnū (plural)
qinnātum (feminine plural)

Resultative to qanûm (“to keep, to acquire etc”). Compare with Arabic قُنّ (qunn) and Biblical Hebrew קֵן (qen).