argamannu

Neo-Babylonian (Babylonian Standard)
Neo-Assyrian (Babylonian Standard)
Boghazkeui (Babylonian Standard)

Neo-Babylonian: Neo-Assyrian: 𒋠𒍝𒆳𒋛𒀀 (argawannu)

→ Aramaic:

desc

Classical Syriac: ܐܪܓܘܢܐ (ʾargəwānā, “purple”)

אַרְגְּוָונָא

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אַרְגְּוָונָא (“purple”)

→ Hebrew: אַרְגְּוָן (ʾargǝwɔn, “purple”)

desctree

→ Arabic: أرجوان (ʾarjuwān, ʾurjuwān, “purple”)
Andalusian Arabic: أرجوان
→ Spanish: arjorán (“Judas tree”)
→ Middle Armenian: արճուան (arčuan)
→ Persian: ارجوان (orjovân)
→ Ottoman Turkish: ارجوان (ercüvân)
→ Serbo-Croatian: adžùvān / аџу̀ва̄н (“young man, lover”)

→ Proto-Iranian:

desc

Middle Persian: ʾlgwkʾn' (argawān, “purple”)

Persian: ارغوان (arğavân, arğovân, “purple; Judas tree”)

→ Georgian: არღავანი (arɣavani)

→ Gujarati: અરગવાની (aragvānī)

→ Urdu: ارغوان (arğawān, “red-purple; a plant”)

Kurdish:

→ Northern Kurdish: erxewan (“purple; Judas tree”)

→ Central Kurdish: ئەرخەوان (erxewan, “purple; Judas tree”)

→ Middle Armenian: եղրեւանի (eġrewani, “lilac”)

Armenian: եղրեւանի (eġrewani)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ارغوان (ergavân, erguvân)

Turkish: erguvan

→ Albanian: jargavan

→ Romanian: iergovan, iorgovan

→ Serbo-Croatian: jȍrgovān / јо̏ргова̄н (“lilac”)

→ Hungarian: orgovány

→ Slovak: orgován (“lilac”)

Pashto: ارغوان (arğawān, “red-purple; a plant”)

Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾrγwʾn /arγawān/, “purple”)

→ Hebrew: אַרְגָּמָן (ʾargɔmɔn, “purple, red-purple [of garment]”)

→ English: argaman

→ Hittite: 𒅈𒄰𒈠𒀸 (/arkammas/, “tribute”) (probably)

→ Ugaritic: 𐎀𐎗𐎂𐎎𐎐 (ảrgmn, “purple”)


ullu

Standard Babylonian and Neo-Babylonian form of ulla


gūdu

From Aramaic גּוֹד (gôḏ, “leather bottle”). Compare Classical Syriac ܓܘܕܐ (gawdā, “leather bottle”).


warad ēkallim

→ Aramaic:

desc

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: ארדיכלא (ʾardēḵlāʾ)

→ Hebrew: אַדְרִיכָל (ʾaḏriḵɔl)

→ Hebrew: אַדְרִיכָל (ʾaḏriḵɔl)

Classical Syriac: ܐܪܕܝܟܠܐ (ʾardēḵlāʾ)

(Neo-Babylonian) arad ekalli, a designation of a specific profession, probably a builder


kandum

→ Aramaic: 𐡊𐡃／כּדּא (kaddā), כַּנְדָּא (kandā)

→ Arabic: كَدّ (kadd)

→ Hebrew: כַּד (kad)

→ Phoenician: 𐤊𐤃 (kd)

Punic: 𐤊𐤃 (kd)

→ Ancient Greek: κάδος (kádos) (see there for further descendants)

→ Ancient Greek: κόνδυ (kóndu)

→⇒ Middle Persian: 𐫐𐫗𐫅𐫇𐫃 (kndwg), 𐫞𐫗𐫅𐫇𐫃 (qndwg /kandūg/)

Persian: کندو (kandu), کندوک (kanduk)

→ Arabic: كَنْدُوج (kandūj)

→ Chagatai: [script needed] (kündük)

→ Kipchak: [script needed] (kendük)

→ Ossetian: хӕндуг (xændug), хӕндыг (xændyg)

→ Parthian: 𐫐𐫗𐫅𐫇𐫃 (kndwg), 𐫞𐫗𐫅𐫇𐫃 (qndwg /kandūg/)

→ Old Armenian: քանդուկ (kʻanduk)

→ Classical Syriac: ܟܱܢܕܘܩܳܐ (kandūqā)

→ Ugaritic: 𐎋𐎄 (kd)

In view of the age of the word said to be borrowed from West Semitic in the form Aramaic כַּנְדָּא (kandā, “vessel, pot; specifically for wine”), apparently not considering origin in Sanskrit कन्दु (kandu, “pot”) and ultimately Proto-South Dravidian *kiṇṭV- (“pot”). Aramaic כּדּא (kaddā) could have been later dissimilated, as the other Northwest Semitic languages only have in Ugaritic 𐎋𐎄 (kd), Hebrew כַּד (kaḏ), Phoenician 𐤊𐤃 (kd).

cog

(Neo-Babylonian) a kandu jar, a container of earthenware or silver, mainly for wine


kabsum

kabsū (plural)
Neo-Babylonian (Babylonian Standard)
Neo-Assyrian (Babylonian Standard)

Borrowed from an Aramaic term cognate to Arabic كَبْش (kabš, “tup, wether”), Hebrew כֶּבֶשׂ (kɛ́ḇɛś, “sheep”), and Phoenician 𐤊𐤁𐤔 (kbš, “sheep”).


bīt ṭuppim

bīt ṭuppātim (plural)
Neo-Assyrian (Babylonian Standard)
Neo-Babylonian (Babylonian Standard)

From 𒂍 (bīt, “house”) + 𒁾𒁀 (ṭuppim, “of the tablet”), literally “tablet house”. Compare Biblical Hebrew בַּיִת (báyiṯ, “house; school”) and Mishnaic Hebrew בֵּית סֵפֶר (beṯ séfɛr, “school”, literally “book house”). Compare the formation Persian دبستان (dabestân).


andurārum

Neo-Assyrian (Babylonian Standard)
Neo-Babylonian (Babylonian Standard)

Compare Biblical Hebrew דְּרוֹר (dərór, “freedom”).

cog

freedom, exemption
remission of commercial debts


Šabāṭum

desc

→ Hebrew: שְׁבָט (šə̆ḇɔ́ṭ, “Shevat”)

→ Hebrew: שְׁבָט (šə̆ḇɔ́ṭ, “Shevat”)

→ Aramaic: שְׁבָט (šəḇāṭ)

→ Aramaic: שְׁבָט (šəḇāṭ)

Classical Syriac: ܫܒܛ

→ Arabic: شُبَاط (šubāṭ)

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܫܒ݂ܵܛ (šḇāṭ)

Unknown. Spelt with 𒌚 (ITI, “month”) and 𒀾 (ZIZ₂, “emmer”).

𒌚𒀾 𒌚 𒁕𒀀𒁍𒌝 𒋗𒌑
ITI.ZIZ₂ ITI ṭa-a-bu-um šu-u₂
/Šabāṭum warḫum ṭābum šū/
Šabāṭum is a favorable month

Šabāṭu Šabāṭu

Šabāṭu, the eleventh month of the Babylonian calendar


kašdum

akk-adj

kašdum (feminine kašittum, masculine plural kašdūtum, feminine plural kašdātum, predicative kašid)

kašittum (feminine)
kašdūtum (masculine plural)
kašdātum (feminine plural)
kašid (predicative)
Neo-Babylonian (Babylonian Standard)

successful, achieved, accomplished, attained, conquered


ḫarrānum

→ Sumerian: 𒄯𒊏𒀭 (ḫar-ra-an /ḫarran/)

Unknown. Compare Biblical Hebrew הָרָן (ḥɔrɔ́n, “Haran, a Biblical place name”).

cog

journey, trip, travel
(Neo-Babylonian) trading capital


inūmīšu

From 𒄿𒈾 (ina, “in”) + 𒌓𒈪 (ūmī, “days”) + 𒋗 (šu, “its”), literally “in those days”.


kīrum

kīrātum (plural)
Neo-Babylonian (Babylonian Standard)

From Sumerian 𒌋𒀜 (gir₄ /gir/, “oven”). Cognate with Arabic جِير (jīr, “chalk, lime”) and Hebrew גִּיר (gir, “chalk, lime”).

oven, kiln (especially for lime and bitumen)


Igigū

(plural only, Middle Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian) Igigi, the gods of heaven (as opposed to the Anunnakkū, the gods of the netherworld)


narûm

akk-noun

narûm m (base naru or narā, plural narû)

From Sumerian 𒈾𒆕𒀀 (na-ru₂-a /narua/, “stela”).

bor

(Middle Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian) boundary stone


miḫiṣtum

miḫṣātum (plural)
Neo-Babylonian (Babylonian Middle)

From 𒈠𒄩𒍮 (maḫāṣum, “to beat; to weave”).


ḫamṭu

From the verb 𒄩𒈠𒌅𒌝 (ḫamāṭum, “to be quick”).

(Middle Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian) quick, swift, sudden


egertu

From agāru (“to write down”). Compare Biblical Hebrew אִגֶּרֶת (ʔiggɛ́rɛṯ, “letter”).


mušḫuššum

akk-noun

mušḫuššum m (construct state mušḫuš, pronominal state mušḫušša, plural mušḫuššū)

mušḫuš (construct)
mušḫušša (pronominal-state)
mušḫuššū (plural)
Neo-Assyrian (Babylonian Standard)
Neo-Babylonian (Babylonian Standard)

From Sumerian 𒈲𒍽 (muš-ḫuš /mušḫuš/, “a mythical serpent”).

bor

(Old Babylonian, astronomy) the name of a constellation


amēlu

Middle Babylonian, Standard Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian, and Late Babylonian form of awīlum


gulgullum

akk-noun

gulgullum m (construct state gulgul, plural gulgullū or gulgullātum f)

gulgul (construct)
gulgullū (plural)
gulgullātum (feminine plural)

Cognate with Arabic جُمْجُمَة (jumjuma) and Biblical Hebrew גֻּלְגֹּ֫לֶת (gulgólɛṯ). Compare also Egyptian DA-DA-D1:Z1 (ḏꜣḏꜣ, “head”).

cog

גֻּלְגֹּ֫לֶת

(Neo-Babylonian) container shaped like a human skull


ṣimdatum

From 𒇲 (ṣamādum, “to harness, to yoke”).

(Neo-Babylonian, only) temple regulation


bānûm

akk-noun

bānûm m (base bāni, plural bānû, feminine bānītum)

(Middle Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian) builder


sikkatum

desc

→ Aramaic: סִכָּא (sikkā), סִכְּתָא (sikkəṯā)

→ Arabic: سَكّ (sakk), سَكِّيّ (sakkiyy), سِكَّة (sikka)

→ Mishnaic Hebrew: סִכָּה (sikkɔ́)

→ Israeli Hebrew: סִכָּה (siká)


sikkānum

sikkānātum (feminine plural)
Neo-Babylonian (Babylonian Standard)

desctree

→ Arabic: سُكَّان (sukkān)
→ Azerbaijani: sükan
→ Persian: سکان (sokân)
→ Swahili: usukani

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒄑𒍣𒃶 (^(g̃eš)zi-gan /zigan/, “rudder”).


šaṭārum

akk-verb

šaṭārum (G, a-u, durative išaṭṭar, perfect ištaṭar, preterite išṭur, imperative šuṭur)

išaṭṭar (durative)
ištaṭar (perfect)
išṭur (preterite)
šuṭur (imperative)
šaṭārum (infinitive)
šāṭirum (participle)
šaṭrum (adjective)
ašaṭṭar (durative first-person singular)
aštaṭar (first-person perfect singular)
ašṭur (first-person preterite singular)
lušṭur (first-person imperative singular)
tašaṭṭar (durative masculine second-person singular)
taštaṭar (masculine perfect second-person singular)
tašṭur (masculine preterite second-person singular)
šuṭur (imperative masculine second-person singular)
tašaṭṭarī (durative feminine second-person singular)
taštaṭrī (feminine perfect second-person singular)
tašṭurī (feminine preterite second-person singular)
šuṭrī (feminine imperative second-person singular)
išaṭṭar (durative singular third-person)
ištaṭar (perfect singular third-person)
išṭur (preterite singular third-person)
lišṭur (imperative singular third-person)
nišaṭṭar (durative first-person plural)
ništaṭar (first-person perfect plural)
nišṭur (first-person plural preterite)
i nišṭur (first-person imperative plural)
tašaṭṭarā (durative plural second-person)
taštaṭrā (perfect plural second-person)
tašṭurā (plural preterite second-person)
šuṭrā (imperative plural second-person)
išaṭṭarū (durative masculine plural third-person)
ištaṭrū (masculine perfect plural third-person)
išṭurū (masculine plural preterite third-person)
lišṭurū (imperative masculine plural third-person)
išaṭṭarā (durative feminine plural third-person)
ištaṭrā (feminine perfect plural third-person)
išṭurā (feminine plural preterite third-person)
lišṭurā (feminine imperative plural third-person)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܣܛܰܪ (sṭar, “to carve, write down”)

desctree

→ Old South Arabian: 𐩪𐩷𐩧 (s¹ṭr, “to write”)
→ Arabic: سَطَرَ (saṭara)

Unknown. The noun is derived from the infinitive of the verb.


siparrum

Possibly from Sumerian 𒌓𒅗𒁇 (zabar, “bronze”).


zibānītum

From Sumerian 𒍣𒁀𒈾 (zi-ba-na), the name of a part or a mechanism typical of this kind of scales, that distinguishes them from the 𒄑𒂟 (gišrinnum, “scale”).


tumrum

tumrū (plural)
Assyrian (Babylonian Middle Standard)
Neo-Babylonian (Babylonian Standard)

cinder, ashes, ember, (glowing) charcoal