aynu

アィヌ アィヌ#Ainu

human, man (as opposed to animals or gods)

アィヌ アィヌ#Ainu

Latin spelling of アィヌ
man (adult male human)

アィヌ アィヌ#Ainu

クコㇿ アイヌ。

アィヌ アィヌ#Ainu

Latin spelling of アィヌ
(with possessives) father, husband


pis

pis un ota

pis ta san.


pe

arawan

arawanpe

wen

wenpe


pe

water, especially in reference to a water body


パン

Borrowed from Japanese パン, from Portuguese pão (“bread”), from Latin pānem, accusative singular form of pānis (“bread”). Compare French pain, Italian pane, Romanian pâine, Spanish pan.


kim

Western Old Japanese: [script needed] (kî)


nuca

Borrowed from a language of the Sakhalin Island. Compare Orok луча (luča), Nivkh нуча (nuț’a). See also Daur luaaq, Manchu ᠯᠣᠴᠠ (loca), Yakut нуучча (nuucca), Nanai лоча (loca), Evenki лӯча (lūça), Even ню̄чи (ņūci), etc.


kam

unma kam hure.


mat

mat etun


paro

par (alternative)
para (alternative)
paroho (alternative)


pone

Possibly cognate to Japanese 骨(ほね) (hone), Korean 뼈 (ppyeo, “bone”).


ラッパ

From Japanese らっぱ (rappa), from Chinese 喇叭 (lǎba), from Mongolian ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ (labai), from Middle Chinese 螺貝 (MC lwa pajH).


ka

Likely a loan word from Nivkh ӿа (ha) (bearing the same meaning), given that the traps were of the same type and that sable hunting was taken up on Sakhalin for export to Qing China, to whom the Nivkh were nearer.


ラッコ

→ Japanese: ラッコ (rakko)


カ

Proto-Ainu *kaa HL (“cord”, “thread”, “yarn”).


ケ

Proto-Ainu *kEE (“oil (as food)”, “fat”).


ス

su (romanization)
スー (alternative Sakhalin)


チ

(Kuril, South Kuril, vulgar) male genitals, dick


ト

to (romanization)
トー (alternative Sakhalin)

Possibly related to Nivkh ту (tu, “lake”).


ル

ru (romanization)
ルー (alternative)
トゥー (alternative)


レ

ree (romanization)
レー (alternative Sakhalin)
テー (alternative)


nanna

Borrowed from Nivkh нанӽ (nanẋ), нанак (nanak). Compare Korean 누이 (nu'i, “sister”).


アイ

Proto-Ainu *agi LL (“arrow”).
Proto-Ainu *ay L ( < *agi LL if related to *agi “arrow”) (“thorn”).


cep

From ci- (“mediopassive prefix”) + e (“to eat”) + -p (“thing”), literally “thing that is eaten”.

suf

ネア メノコポ カ ネア チ アエㇷ゚ カ フ チェㇷ゚ カ アコレ

1969, 貝澤とぅるしの, “2-2 ウエペケㇾ「ランコ カッケマッ」（桂の木の女神）”, in 第2年次調査研究報告書1/3, 文化庁 アイヌ語の保存・継承に必要なアーカイブ化に関する調査研究事業, published 2015年3月:

I also gave the girl cooked food and raw fish.

nea menokopo ka nea ci aep ka hu cep ka a=kore


kuru

utara (plural)
kuh (alternative)
kur (alternative)


ak

Possibly related to Nivkh ыкын (əkən), аӄанд (aqand, “elder brother”).


kur

utar (plural)
kuru (alternative)
kuh (alternative)

repunkur

tan kur


utara

tan utara


アイヌ

→ Japanese: アイヌ

→ English: Ainu

→ Russian: айн (ajn), а́йну (ájnu)

Proto-Ainu *aynu HL (< *a(n)=inu ?) (“person”, “man (in general)”).
Proto-Ainu *aynu HL (“person”).

ウタリ

comrade, fellow; Ainu people; senses for and

アイヌモシㇼ

Aynu mosir, land of humans; the world; Hokkaido as the Ainu homeland

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril, South Kuril) person, human being

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin) (more specifically) Ainu person; the Ainu people

クコロ アイヌ


aca

used to show respect when addressing older men


パ

pa (romanization)
パー (alternative Sakhalin)


ahci

head

ahci (Kana spelling アㇵチ, possessed form ahcihi)

Borrowed from Nivkh ытик (əțik), атик (ațik).


チリ

chiri (romanization)
チカㇷ゚ (alternative)
チカㇵ (alternative)
チㇼ (alternative)
チㇼプ (alternative)


レプンカムイ

Compound of レㇷ゚ (rep, “the sea, the ocean”) + ウン (un, “of, in”) + カムイ (kamuy, “spirit, god”).


ニ

ni (romanization)
ニー (alternative)
チクニ (alternative)


アペ

ape (romanization)
アベ (alternative)
ウンチ (alternative)

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril, South Kuril) fire


チャシ

From Classical Ainu チャシ (casi). Possibly cognate with, or derived from, Old Korean 城叱 (*CAs).


チロンヌㇷ゚

Compound of チ (ci, “people”, as a general indicator) + ロンヌ (ronnu, “to kill”) + ㇷ゚ (-p, nominalizing suffix), basically meaning “the thing that people kill”.

フレㇷ゚

red thing; furep, more specifically, a red fox

ウパㇲ チロンヌㇷ゚

upas cironnup, literally + in reference to the white coat

ウォロ チロンヌㇷ゚

river otter; interior; thing people kill; interior

woro cironnup, literally + in reference to inland rivers


ペ

pe (romanization)
ワッカ (alternative)
ワㇰカ (alternative)
ワㇵカ (alternative)


トンコリ

(Sakhalin) A stringed musical instrument from Sakhalin.


ムックリ

mukkuri (romanization)
ムㇰクリ (alternative)
ムㇰクㇽ (alternative)
ムㇷクㇴ (alternative)
ムㇷクナ (alternative)

→ Japanese: ムックリ (mukkuri)

Perhaps from Proto-Tungusic *muk(k)änä (“mouth harp”), especially if one takes into account Sakhalin Ainu ムㇷクㇴ (muhkun) and ムㇷクㇴ (muhkuna), with final /n/ instead of /r/. Compare Negidal мухэнэ (muxənə), Ulch мухэлэ (muxələ), Orok мухане̄ (muxan'ē), мухэнэ (muxənə), Nanai муэнэ̄ (muenē) and Manchu ᠮᡝᡴᡝᠨᡳ (mekeni).

cog

A traditional Ainu musical instrument similar to a Jew's harp.


セタ

→ Japanese: ヘダ, セダ, セタ, セッタ (Matagi dialect)

Proto-Ainu *gita LH (“dog”) ( < *LL ? cf. accent in KK ).
Proto-Ainu *seta LH (“dog”).


エツ゚

head

エツ゚ • (’etu)

エトゥ エトゥ#Ainu

obsolete spelling of エトゥ (etu, “nose, snout; spout; handle”)


sara

Possibly cognate to Proto-Japonic *siri, *sari (“buttocks”).

sar (alternative)
サㇻ (alternative)
saraha (alternative)
サラハ (alternative)


コタン

→⇒ Japanese: 鶏 (kutakake, kudakake)


モシㇼ

First attested in a 1591 Latin manuscript titled "De yezorum insula" as part of アイヌモシㇼ, transcribed as "Aino moxori" or "Aino mosir" as the name of Hokkaido, meaning "land of the Aino [Ainu]".

アィヌモシㇼ

Hokkaido, the world of humans; Ainu land, people land


チン

John Batchelor
w:John Batchelor (missionary)


レハムㇱ

Cornus canadensis
Cornus canadensis#Translingual


イタㇰ

Proto-Ainu *ita(=)k LL (“language”, “word”, “to speak”, “to talk”).
From Classical Ainu イタㇰ (itak, “language; to speak”).


カㇺビソㇱ

Compound of カㇺビ (kambi, “paper”) + ソㇱ (sosh, “a layer, as of bark or strata; a page of a book”).


カムイフㇺベ

カムイ (kamui, “god”) + フㇺベ (humbe, “whale”)


マシン

Ultimately from English machine, probably via Japanese マシン (mashin).


モシリ

モシㇼ モシㇼ#Ainu

combining form of モシㇼ (mosir, “land; country; island”)


アベ

(Hokkaido, Kuril) alternative form of アペ (ape): fire


サパ

ユㇰ　サパ


カムイチェㇷ゚

Compound of カムイ (kamuy, “bear; god”) + チェㇷ゚ (cep, “fish”).


カムイ

Proto-Ainu *kamuy LH (“god”) ( < OJ kamiy or PJ *kamu=i “god”).
Likely related to Proto-Japonic *kamuy (“god”). The exact relationship between the two terms is unclear.
John Batchelor analyses kamuy as being made up of the root ka ("above"), which is then kamu ("to cover") and finally, through the addition of nominalising particle y, kamuy ("he who covers or overshadows"). In this case, Proto-Japonic *kamuy or Old Japanese 神 (kami₂, kamu-) would be, in fact, a borrowing from Ainu.

アペ カムイ

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril) a god (deity)

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril) (by extension from the god sense) a bear (large mammal of family Ursidae)


チェㇷ゚

cep (romanization)
チェㇸ (alternative)
チエㇷ゚ (alternative)

Proto-Ainu *tiqEp LL (“fish”).
Possibly cognate with Nivkh чо (ț’o, “fish”).


ウパㇱ

upas (romanization)
オパㇱ (alternative Sakhalin)
ヲバス (alternative)


ruwe

used to indicate judgement, confirmation


カン

on (Appears as a post-synthetic element in the “on” sense)


айну

アイヌ アイヌ#Ainu

アイヌ アイヌ#Ainu

Cyrillic spelling of アイヌ (aynu)
man, usually respectable man

アイヌ アイヌ#Ainu

Cyrillic spelling of アイヌ (aynu)
Ainu people

クコロアイヌ
Ку коро айну.
My father.

アイヌ アイヌ#Ainu

Cyrillic spelling of アイヌ (aynu)
(with possessives) father


ウンマ

Borrowed from Japanese 馬 (uma). The geminate nasal may reflect an emphasized nasal in older Japanese pronunciation; see the etymology at Japanese 馬 for more.


オㇰカヨ

okkayo (romanization)
オㇰカイ (alternative)
オㇰカイアイヌ (alternative)


フチ

Proto-Ainu *gurti HL (“old woman”, “grandmother”).


メノコ

(Hokkaido, Kuril, South Kuril) woman (adult human female)


ワッカ

wakka (romanization)
ワㇰカ (alternative)
ワㇵカ (alternative)


キキㇼ

kikir (romanization)
キキリ (alternative Sakhalin)


イワ

Possibly related to Japanese 岩 (iwa, “crag, rock”).


イサ チセ

isa cise (romanization)
イサ・チセイ (alternative)

イサ (isa, “doctor?”) + チセ (cise, “house”)


アエㇷ゚

head

アエㇷ゚ • (aep)


siki

sik (alternative)
シㇰ (alternative)
sikihi (alternative)
シキヒ (alternative)


シサㇺ

シ (“true”) + サㇺ (“side”) meaning "immediate side", referring to the Japanese island of Honshu being right next to Hokkaido, the Ainu homeland.

Japanese (native or inhabitant of Japan)


ヌチャ

Borrowed from a language of the Sakhalin Island. Compare Orok луча (luča), Nivkh нуча (nuț’a), etc.


numa

numa (Kana spelling ヌマ, possessed form numaha)


アイヌイタㇰ

aynu itak (romanization)
アイヌイタㇵ (alternative)

Compound of アイヌ (aynu, “Ainu, person”) + イタㇰ (itak, “speech, language”).


アィヌ

アイヌ アイヌ#Ainu


ナイ

→ Japanese: 奈井江


エムシ

emushi (romanization)
エムシイ (alternative)
エムㇱ (alternative)


エムシイ

エムシ エムシ#Ainu


エサマン

オタスト゚ンクㇽ

Otastunkur, legendary hero who fought against an otter

(Hokkaido) People who often forget things


カムイモシㇼ

[kàꜛmúj mò̞ꜛɕíɾ]

Compound of カムイ (kamuy, “god”) + モシㇼ (mosir, “land”).

アィヌモシㇼ

the world of humans; Hokkaido, the Ainu homeland


ケㇺ

Proto-Ainu *kEm L (“blood”).
Compare sense 1 to Turkish kan (“blood”), Chuvash юн (jun); Nganasan кам (kam, “blood”), Northern Selkup кэм (kem, “blood”), Tundra Nenets хэмʼ (xem, “blood”).


パスイ

pasui (romanization)
パシユイ (alternative)
パスィ (alternative)

Borrowed from Japanese 箸 (hashi), possibly Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pasui.


パシユイ

パスイ パスイ#Ainu

Alternative spelling of パスイ (“chopsticks”)


ペッ

→ Japanese: 別 (betsu)

シㇼペッ

mountains and rivers, Shiribetsu; sir pet

チュㇷ゚ ペッ

sun river, supposed origin of Asahikawa's name


プクサ

A wild edible plant which tastes similar to garlic (Allium ochotense).


カムイモシリ

カムイモシㇼ カムイモシㇼ#Ainu


アイヌモシㇼ

[ʔájꜜnù mò̞ꜛɕír]

From アイヌ (“human”) + モシㇼ (“land”). First attested in a 1591 Latin manuscript titled "De yezorum insula" as "Aino moxori" or "Aino mosir" as the name of Hokkaido, meaning "land of the Aino [Ainu]".

the land of the Ainu people: Hokkaidō, southern Sakhalin, or the Kuril Islands, northern Honshu


アンケㇲ

From Ainu アン (an, “night”) + Ainu ケス (kes, “end”).


エトゥ

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril, South Kuril) nose


アチポ

アチャポ アチャポ#Ainu


アㇺ

am (romanization)
アミ (alternative)
アミヒ (alternative)


アムㇱペ

amuspe (romanization)
アムシペ (alternative)


アムシペ

アムㇱペ アムㇱペ#Ainu


アㇺアㇺ

amam (romanization)
アマㇺ (alternative)
アママ (alternative)


アママ

アㇺアㇺ アㇺアㇺ#Ainu


アマㇺ

アㇺアㇺ アㇺアㇺ#Ainu


アㇷ゚カシ

アㇷ゚カㇱ アㇷ゚カㇱ#Ainu


アットゥㇱ

attus (romanization)
アッツ゚ㇱ (alternative)
アット゚ㇱ (alternative)
アㇵルㇱ (alternative)

Cloth made from the inner bark of elm trees

Traditional Ainu coat, kimono made from such cloth


アッツ゚ㇱ

アットゥㇱ アットゥㇱ#Ainu


イナオ

イナウ イナウ#Ainu


ウタリ

utari (romanization)
ウタラ (alternative)
ウタレ (alternative)

→ Japanese: ウタリ


ウタレ

ウタリ ウタリ#Ainu


ウタラ

ウタリ ウタリ#Ainu


ルー

ruu (romanization)
ル (alternative)
トゥー (alternative)


ハㇲカプ

haskap (romanization)
ハㇲカオプ (alternative)
ハㇱカプ (alternative)

→ English: haskap

→ Japanese: ハスカップ (hasukappu)

From ハㇱ (has) + カ (ka) + オㇷ゚ (op), meaning "something that grows abundantly on branches"

the blue honeysuckle or honeyberry (Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx). A deciduous shrub native to East Asia.


イナゥ

inaw (romanization)
イナオ (alternative)
イナウ (alternative)

→ English: inau

→ Japanese: イナウ

→ Nivkh: инау (inau), нау (nau)

→ Oroch: илау (ilau)

desc

→ Orok: и̇лау̇ (ïlaü)

→ Orok: и̇лау̇ (ïlaü)

Proto-Ainu *inaqu LL (“to perform inau ritual”).
Possibly related to Manchu ᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (ilambi, “to blossom”) and Manchu ᡳᠯᡥᠠ (ilha, “a flower”).

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril) A sacred shaved stick, symbolizing a bird, used for prayer


キサㇻ

kisar (romanization)
キサラ (alternative)
キサル (alternative)


キト

(Sakhalin) Allium victorialis subsp. platyphyllum


カㇺビ

Borrowed from Old Japanese 紙 (*KAMI₁, “paper”). See the Old Japanese entry for more information.

a letter (written to someone), an epistle


シㇼ

→ Japanese: 尻 (shiri) (in place names)

イクㇱウンシㇼ

island on the other side; Okushiri Island

シㇼペッ

mountains and rivers; Shiribetsu, Hokkaido; sir pet

mountain (as a living entity, as a spirit)


コッ

dip (in the ground), small valley, ditch, grave, hole, dyke


チュㇷ゚

head

チュㇷ゚ • (cup)

cup (romanization)
チュㇷ (alternative)
シㇼクンネチュㇷ゚ (alternative)

チュㇷ゚カリ

a place in the sunshine, where the sun is shining

(Hokkaido, Kuril) luminary (Sun or Moon)


カニ

Proto-Ainu *kaani HHH (“metal”) ( < OJ kane HH “metal”).
Borrowed from Japanese 金 (kane, “gold, metal”)


トゥナカィ

Japanese: トナカイ (tonakai)


ハポ

クコㇿ ハポ アン。


エカシ

Proto-Ainu *Ekasi (*Ekagi/*Ekahi ?) LLH (“old man”, “grandfather”).


トゥレㇱ

tures (romanization)
ツ゚レㇱ (alternative)
ト゚レㇱ (alternative)
ツ゚レㇲ (alternative)
ト゚レㇲ (alternative)
トゥレㇲ (alternative)


ノン

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril, South Kuril) saliva


エト゚ピㇼカ

etupirka (romanization)
エトゥピㇼカ (alternative)

Japanese: エトピリカ (etopirika)

エト゚ (etu, “nose”) + ピリカ (pirika, “good”)


オンネㇷ゚

→? Middle Chinese: 膃肭 (MC 'wot nrjuwk)

⇒ Middle Chinese: 膃肭臍 (MC 'wot nrjuwk dzej)

→ Japanese: 膃肭臍(おっとせい) (ottosei)


チェ

ce (romanization)
che (romanization)
チセ (alternative)


チッ

(Kuril, South Kuril, vulgar) female genitals, cunt


カヤ

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril, South Kuril) sail


エルㇺ

エルㇺ キナ

Plantago major: broadleaf plaintain, greater plantain; rat grass


アㇵチ

head

アㇵチ (Latin spelling ahci, possessed form アㇵチヒ)

ahci (romanization)
アㇵチヒ (possessed-form)

Borrowed from Nivkh ытик (əțik), атик (ațik).


kamuy

Likely related to Old Japanese 神 (kamu, “god”). The exact relationship between the two terms is unclear. Modern Japanese 神 (kami) may have derived from kamu + i (Old Japanese emphatic nominal particle), producing *kamui, and then being borrowed into Ainu as kamuy.
John Batchelor, however, analyses kamuy as being made up of the root ka (“above”), which is then kamu (“to cover”) and finally, through the addition of nominalising particle y, kamuy (“he who covers or overshadows”). In this case, Japanese 神 (kami) would be, in fact, a borrowing from Ainu.

ape kamuy

(by extension from the god sense) a bear (large mammal of family Ursidae)


ケー

Proto-Ainu *kEE (“oil (as food)”, “fat”).


アル

(Kuril, South Kuril) Kamchatka lily or wild rice


ウフイヌプリ

From ウフイ (“to burn”) + ヌプリ (“mountain”). Compare 火山 (huǒshān) in Chinese, Japanese or Korean.


イサ・チセイ

isa chisei (romanization)
イサ チセ (alternative)


コンガネ

Borrowing from Japanese 金 (kogane) with a complementary typical Ainu nasalisation, hence the n.


クンギ

Borrowing from Old Japanese 釘 (kugi₁) with a complementary typical Ainu nasalization from Old Japanese prenasalization, hence the n.

nail (spike made of metal or hard material used to stick something)


ニマキシルシルㇷ゚

ニマキ (nimaki, “tooth”) + シルシル (shiru-shiru, “to brush”) + ㇷ゚ (-p, “suffix to create concrete items”)


コレヤ

Borrowed from Russian Корея (Koreja),
Sino-Korean 고려(高麗) (Goryeo).


レㇲプビリカ

Borrowed from Russian респу́блика (respúblika), from Latin rēspūblica.


ウㇰライナ

From Russian Украи́на (Ukraína) or Ukrainian Украї́на (Ukrajína).


レㇰラマ

Borrowed from Russian реклама (reklama), in turn from French réclame.


デウシカ

Borrowed from Russian девушка (devuška).


リュキュ

ja-r

琉球(りゅうきゅう) (ryūkyū)


サマㇺベ

サマンペ サマンペ#Ainu


ライイ

Proto-Ainu *day H (“to die”).
Related to ライ (rai, “to die”).


オシリ

Related to シㇼ (“an island”) and モシㇼ (“land, country”)


ワタラ

Proto-Ainu *hdatara LLH (“stone”, “cliff”).


シネㇷ゚

sinep (romanization)
シネㇸ (alternative Sakhalin)

(Hokkaido, Kuril, South Kuril) one, one thing


イワンペ

(Sakhalin)(Kuril) six (number of pieces)


aynumosir

[ʔájꜜnù mò̞ꜛɕír]

the land of the Ainu people: Hokkaidō, southern Sakhalin, or the Kuril Islands


kamuymosir

[kàꜛmúj mò̞ꜛɕíɾ]


チャラ

cara (romanization)
チャロ (alternative)
チャル (alternative)
チャㇻ (alternative)


hekaci

From hekatu (“to be born”) + -i (“nominalising suffix”), literally “born person”.


matkaci

/mátꜜkàt͡ɕì/


cikoykip

/t͡ɕìkòjꜛkʲíp/

From ci- (“passive prefix”) + koyki (“to attack, catch”) + -p (“thing”), literally “thing that is caught”.


reyep

From reye (“to crawl, walk on four feet”) + -p (“thing”), literally “thing that walks on four feet”.


kinasut

Shortening of kinasutunkur or kinasutkamuy (literally “person in the grass”).


cikuni

/t͡ɕìꜛkúnʲi/

From ni (“tree”). The first part is probably related to Nivkh тиғр (țiγr), чӽар̌ (ț’ẋař, “tree”).


otop

head

otop (Kana spelling オトㇷ゚, possessed form otopi)

otopi (possessed-form)
etop (alternative)

The Yakumo Ainu エトㇷ゚ (etop) form seems to preserve the original vocalism of the first syllable. In Sakhalin dialectal varieties, ruusis (“hair”) is used instead.


nimaki

From ni (“root morpheme for tooth”) + maki.


parunpe

From paro (“mouth”) + un (“locative particle”) + pe (“thing”), literally “thing in mouth”.

compound

carunpe (alternative Sakhalin)
チャルンペ (alternative Sakhalin)


cikiri

/t͡ɕìꜛkʲíɾí/

From ci + kiri (“root morpheme for foot”).


yaynu

From yay- (“reflexive prefix”) + nu (“to hear, feel”).


ノンノ

Likely related to Hokkaidō Ainu ウヌ (unu, “mother”).


エンカ

(Sakhalin) faraway up the road (location)


アト゚ィ

atuy (romanization)
アトゥイカ (alternative)
アトゥイ (alternative)


イマㇰ

imak (romanization)
ミマㇰ (alternative)
ニマㇰ (alternative)
イマㇵ (alternative)


エト゚

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril, anatomy) nose


イサ

Borrowed from Japanese 医者 (isha), in turn from Chinese 醫者 /医者 (yīzhě).


カムイフㇺ

kamuyhum (romanization)
カモイホム (alternative)

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril, South Kuril) thunder


チカㇷ゚

cikap (romanization)
チカㇵ (alternative)
チリ (alternative)
チㇼ (alternative)
チㇼプ (alternative)


noype

head

noype (Kana spelling ノィペ, possessed form noypehe)

noypehe (possessed-form)
noybe (alternative)

From noy (“to twist, wind”) + pe (“thing”), literally “the twisting thing”. Sakhalin varieties have keyoroh (“brain”).


hapah

head

hapah (Kana spelling ハパㇵ, possessed form hapapuhu)


シントコ

Possibly related Nivkh сидух (sidux), синдух (sindux, “barrel”).


マキリ

→ Japanese: まぎり (magiri)

→ Oroch: магири (magiri)


arakke

Either from Nivkh арак (arak), or directly from Proto-Tungusic *arakïï. Compare Manchu ᠠᡵᡴᡳ (arki), Evenki аракӣ (arakī), and Mongolian архи (arxi).


プタ

Proto-Ainu *puta LH (< Old Japanese Futa “lid”) (“cover”, “lid”).
From Japanese 蓋(ふた) (futa, “cover”).


patoy

patoy (Kana spelling パトィ, possessed form patoye)

patoye (possessed-form)
catoy (alternative)


サマンペ

samanpe (romanization)
サマㇺベ (alternative)

Probably derived from Ainu サマ (sama, “to stretch out, lie flat”).


ペツ

archaic spelling of ペッ (“water; river; a piece (of anything)”)


キプツ゚ㇽ

head

キプツ゚ㇽ (Latin spelling kiputur, possessed form キプツ゚ル)

kiputur (romanization)
キプツ゚ル (possessed-form)

From キㇷ゚ (kip, “hairline”) + ウツ゚ㇽ (utur, “between”).


モセ

mose (romanization)
ムセ (alternative)
モサ (alternative)

Possibly from Japanese 苧(むし) (mushi, “ramie plant”), likely from Middle Korean 모시 (mwòsì, “ramie plant or cloth”).


ヘカチ

(Hokkaido, Kuril, South Kuril) boy (male child)


アサㇺ

asam (romanization)
アサマ (alternative dialectal)


アッテ

(transitive) to suspend, to hang, to hang up


アトゥイ

atuy (romanization)
アトゥイカ (alternative)
アト゚ィ (alternative)


ケメコッ

ケㇺ (“famine”) + エ (“from it”) + コッ (“die”)


ツレㇷ゚ニ

Compound of ツレㇷ゚ (turep, “a type of lily with an edible bulb, Lilium glehnii”) + ニ (ni, “tree”), likely in reference to the similarity of the leaves.


テㇱマニ

Compound of テㇱマ (tesma, “snowshoe”) + ニ (ni, “tree”), in possible reference to the shape of the leaves.


トント

→ Japanese: 胡獱

→ Nivkh: туӈ (tuŋ)


ト゚ナカィ

Japanese: 馴鹿

Related to Sakhalin Nivkh тʼлаӈи (tʼlaŋi).


ヤウンモシㇼ

Hokkaido, the homeland of the Ainu people


kinasutunkur

Compound of kina (“grass”) + sut (“root”) + un (“live in”) + kur (“man”, used equally to postfix -pe)


シト

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin) oval-shaped dumpling


コンカニ

Borrowed from Japanese 黄金 (kogane, “gold”)


ニㇲ イロ

Related to ニソロ (nisoro, “sky”) or ニㇱ (nis, “a cloud”).


レタㇻ

retar (romanization)
テタラ (alternative Sakhalin)


リクンモシㇼ

Compound of リクン (rikun, “above”) + モシㇼ (mosir, “land”).


カムイノミ

カムイ (“a god”) + ノミ

af

カムイ (“a god”) + ノミ

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin) traditional Ainu prayer


ニンカリ

ninkari (romanization)
ニンカーリ (alternative Sakhalin)


ウラㇻ

urar (romanization)
ウーラル (alternative)
ウララ (alternative Sakhalin)
ウーララ (alternative Sakhalin)

(Hokkaido, Ishikari, Kuril, South Kuril) fog, mist


キサラ

kisara (romanization)
キサㇻ (alternative)
キサル (alternative)


エペッペッケ

epetpetke (romanization)
アウ (alternative)


メンヨ

From Japanese 綿羊 (men'yō), in turn from Chinese 綿羊 /绵羊 (miányáng)


ポㇰナモシㇼ

テイネポㇰナモシㇼ

teyne pokna mosir, the "damp underworld", a hellish realm where evil kamuy and people are banished into


テイネポㇰナモシㇼ

テイネ (“wet, damp”) + ポㇰナモシㇼ (“underworld, world of the dead”)

the "damp underworld", a hellish realm where the spirits of evil kamuy and people are banished into.


ウェンカムイ

ウェン (“evil, bad”) + カムィ (“a kamuy, a god”)

テイネポㇰナモシㇼ

Teyne Pokna Mosir; damp underworld; the a hellish realm where evil gods and people are sent to


ユカㇻ

→ English: yukar

→ Japanese: ユーカラ

any one of the many long sagas that make up traditional Ainu oral literature; an epic.


クワ

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin) cane, walking stick


シサㇺモシㇼ

シサㇺ (“foreign, Japanese”) + モシㇼ (“island, world”)


シサㇺイタㇰ

シサㇺ (“foreign, Japanese”) + イタㇰ (“language”)


アフンルパㇽ

ahunrupar (romanization)
アフンパㇻ (alternative)
アフンポㇿ (alternative)
アフンチャㇽ (alternative)
アフンルチャㇽ (alternative)

アフン (“enter”) + ル (“road”) + パㇽ (“mouth”).

(religion, mythology) in Ainu mythology, an entrance to the underworld.


アㇰケテㇰ

Japanese scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis)


アット゚ㇱ

アットゥㇱ アットゥㇱ#Ainu


アペフチカムイ

アペ (“fire”) + フチ (“grandmother”) + カムィ (“a god”)


イクㇱペ

Proto-Ainu *ikus(=)pE LH(-)L (“pillar”).


イクパスイ

wooden ritual utensils used in ceremonies


イマキ

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril, South Kuril) tooth


イメル

(Hokkaido, Kuril, South Kuril) lightning


ウナ

una (romanization)
ウイナ (alternative)
ウーナ (alternative)


ウリㇼ

Japanese cormorant (Phalacrocorax capillatus)


キセリ

Borrowed from Japanese 煙管, in turn Khmer ខ្សៀរ (khsiěrô) or ខ្សៀ (khsiě, “a pipe for smoking”).

(Kuril, North Kuril, South Kuril) tobacco-pipe

North Kuril; South Kuril; North Kuril; South Kuril


エタㇱペ

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril, South Kuril) Steller's sea lion (Hokkaido Sorachi area, Hokkaido Chikabumi area)

(Hokkaido) killer whale (Hokkaido Chikabumi area)


オㇰカイ

okkay (romanization)
オㇰカヨ (alternative)
オㇰカイアイヌ (alternative)


オㇱカㇺペ

albatross (esp. the short-tailed albatross, Phoebastria albatrus)


オイナ

(Hokkaido)(Sakhalin) chanting of a deity


オタストゥンクㇽ

(mythology) Otasutunkur, a heroic figure in Ainu legends, or yukars (ユカㇻ).


カニッ

wooden stick with a thread wound around it


カパッチㇼ

(Hokkaido, Kuril, South Kuril) Steller's sea eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus)


キムンカムイ

キムン + カムィ (“a god”)

キムン + カムィ (“a god”)

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril, South Kuril) bear (animal)


クㇽ

ペッサムンクㇽ

someone from the village across the river


クッチ

Actinidia arguta (hardy kiwi, kiwiberry)


ケネ

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin) Alnus japonica (Japanese alder)


コタヌ

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin) village of (location)


コタンコㇿカムイ

コタン (“village, island”) + コㇿ (“to possess”) + カムイ (“a god”), literally "village god".

Blakiston's fish owl (Ketupa blakistoni)


サㇷ゚ポロ

sapporo (romanization)
サッ・ポロ・ペッ (alternative)


シㇼコㇿカムイ

シㇼ (“earth”) + コㇿ (“to possess”) + カムイ (“god”), literally "earth god".


シケㇾペ

head

シケㇾペ • (sum)

sum (romanization)
シケレペ (alternative Sakhalin)

(Hokkaido) Phellodendron amurense (Amur cork tree) nut


シタ

Proto-Ainu *gita LH (“dog”) ( < *LL ? cf. accent in KK ).
Proto-Ainu *seta LH (“dog”).


シネペサㇺペ

sinepesampe (romanization)
シネピサンペ (alternative Sakhalin)


シンリッ

sinrit (romanization)
ニーシンリッ (alternative)
シンリㇱ (alternative)
チンケウ (alternative)
ニーチンケウ (alternative)
ニーオーシケヘ (alternative)


スプヤ

supuya (romanization)
シプヤ (alternative)
パ (alternative)
パー (alternative)


スプン

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin) Big-scaled redfin (Pseudaspius hakonensis, Japanese dace)


スンク

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin) Picea jezoensis (dark-bark spruce, Ezo spruce, Yezo spruce, Jezo spruce)


ソㇿマ

Matteuccia (Matteuccia struthiopteris, ostrich fern, fiddlehead fern, shuttlecock fern)


タㇺパク

Borrowed from Japanese タバコ, ultimately from Portuguese tabaco


チㇷ゚

cip (romanization)
チㇶ (alternative Sakhalin)


チクペニ

Styphnolobium japonicum (Japanese pagoda tree)


チサカンケㇷ゚

Boiled and dried food (sugarcane, salmon, animal entrails, etc.)


チャロ

caro (romanization)
チャラ (alternative Sakhalin)
チャル (alternative)
チャㇻ (alternative)


チュㇰ

cuk (romanization)
チュキータ (alternative Sakhalin)
チュカㇺ (alternative)


チロㇱ

beautifully carved ceremonial arrows (hanaya)


トゥㇷ゚

トゥㇷ゚ • (tup)

tup (romanization)
トゥㇷ (alternative Sakhalin)


トゥカㇻ

(Hokkaido, Kuril, North Kuril, South Kuril) earless seal


トペニ

Acer pictum subsp. mono (painted maple, mono maple)


ニペㇱ

Tilia japonica (Japanese lime, Japanese linden) tree bark


ニペㇱニ

Tilia japonica (Japanese lime, Japanese linden)


ニマㇰ

nimak (romanization)
ミマㇰ (alternative)
イマㇰ (alternative)
イマㇵ (alternative)


ノヤ

(Hokkaido)(Sakhalin)(Kuril) Artemisia princeps (yomogi, Japanese mugwort, Korean wormwood, Korean mugwort, wormwood)


ハㇺペ

dad (More informal than “ona” and more polite than “mici”)


パイカㇻ

paykar (romanization)
パイガルアン (alternative)


フㇷ゚

Proto-Ainu *hrup H (“white fir”, “coniferous tree”).

(Hokkaido) Abies sachalinensis (Sakhalin fir) stem

(Kuril) Picea jezoensis var. jesoensis (dark-bark spruce, Ezo spruce, Yezo spruce, Jezo spruce)


フイペ

meat and internal organs to be eaten raw


ホㇱキアンヌマン

day before yesterday
day before yesterday


マタ

mata (romanization)
マタイタ (alternative Sakhalin)
マタㇺ (alternative)


マチヤ

Possibly influenced by Japanese 町 (machi).


ヤㇺ

(Hokkaido) Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata)


ラタㇱケㇷ゚

a feast of wild vegetables and other plants boiled together


ルアンペアㇱテカムイ

ルアンペ (“rain”) + アㇱテ (“to make something stand”) + カムイ (“a god”).


ワㇰカ

wakka (romanization)
ワッカ (alternative)
ワㇵカ (alternative)


ワㇵカ

wahka (romanization)
ワッカ (alternative)
ワㇰカ (alternative)


アㇱネヘ

Proto-Ainu *aski HL (“five”).
Proto-Ainu *asik LH (“five”).


アㇵカポ

ahkapo (romanization)
アㇰ (alternative)
アキプ (alternative)
アキボ (alternative)


アㇵニ

(Sakhalin) Ulmus laciniata (Manchurian, cut-leaf, lobed elm) tree


アㇵルㇱ

ahrus (romanization)
アッツ゚ㇱ (alternative)
アット゚ㇱ (alternative)
アットゥㇱ (alternative)


アーフンカ

(Sakhalin) Long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis, coween)


アウ

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril, South Kuril) tongue


イクーニㇶ

(Sakhalin) wooden ritual utensils used in ceremonies (ikupasuy)


イタラ

(Sakhalin, dialect) garden (East Coast dialect)


イモカ

Proto-Ainu *imOka LLH (“present”, “gift”).


ウーナ

uuna (romanization)
ウイナ (alternative)
ウナ (alternative)


ウララ

urara (romanization)
ウラㇻ (alternative)
ウーラル (alternative)


ウレヘ

(Sakhalin) from the ankle to the tip of the foot


クイ

(Sakhalin)(Kuril) Larix gmelinii var. japonica stem


エトーニンカーリ

(Sakhalin) ear decorations with lowered ornaments


エレクㇱ

Proto-Ainu *ErEkus (*erekus ?) LLH (“cod fish”).

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril) Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)


エンカシケ

(Sakhalin) faraway up the road (location)


エンチウ

蝦夷

Ezo, name for a historical tribe in eastern Japan possibly related to ancient Ainu people; Ezo


オㇹチケㇸ

(Sakhalin) meal serving tray (with legs)


オタロㇹ

(Sakhalin) Rosa rugosa (rugosa rose, beach rose, Japanese rose, Ramanas rose, letchberry)


オパㇱ

opas (romanization)
ウパㇱ (alternative)
ヲバス (alternative)


オパㇵタラ

(Sakhalin) Aralia cordata (spikenard, herbal aralia, udo, Japanese spikenard, mountain asparagus)


オンネウ

(Sakhalin) white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla)


フレシサㇺ

フレ (“red”) + シサㇺ (“foreign, Japanese”), literally meaning "red foreigners", referring to the Russians' coloured hair.


シロウエン

sirowen (romanization)
sir-wen? (romanization)
シㇼウェン (alternative)


ヲバス

wobasu (romanization)
up-as? (romanization)
ウパㇱ (alternative)
オパㇱ (alternative Sakhalin)


カモイホム

kamoyhum (romanization)
カムイフㇺ (alternative)


イミロ

imiro (romanization)
i-mer-u? (romanization)
イメル (alternative)


ウーラル

urar (romanization)
ウラㇻ (alternative)
ウララ (alternative Sakhalin)


シルスムイ

sirusumui (romanization)
sir-si-moye? (romanization)


チツボチヱゴレ

head

チツボチヱゴレ • (cicubociwegore, cuppo-ciwekore?)

cicubociwegore (romanization)
cuppo-ciwekore? (romanization)


カンド

kanto (romanization)
カント (alternative)
ガンド (alternative)


シルピルガン

sirupirugan (romanization)
sirpirka-an? (romanization)


ウエンニソロ

Most likely ウェン (“evil, bad”) + ニソロ (“sky”).


シルルクスラマト

sirurkusramatu (romanization)
シルㇽ (alternative)


ヲヤウンシヤンロコ

oyaunsiyankor (romanization)
マカンルㇽケㇱオヤ (alternative)


コタンシルルクソヲヤベ

kotansirurkusoyanpe (romanization)
オヤウェンレラ (alternative)


コタンマカロコソラト

kotanmakarokosorat (romanization)
シサㇺシアンルル (alternative)


ラマド

ramatu (romanization)
モシㇼパ (alternative)


ウヱンレーラ

wenrera (romanization)
ウェンレラ (alternative)


ヲヤンベ

oyanpe (romanization)
モシㇼケㇱ (alternative)


アレシヤンコロ

arsiyankor (romanization)
マカンルㇽ (alternative)


ニソロ

ニㇱ (“a cloud”) + オロ. Related to ニㇲ イロ (nis iro, “blue”).


ガンド

kanto (romanization)
カント (alternative)
カンド (alternative)


アトイカ

atuyka (romanization)
アトゥイ (alternative)
アトゥイカ (alternative)


ペイヌハツカ

Second element is from ワッカ (wakka, “water”)


ペツテ

petute (romanization)
pette? (romanization)
pettek? (romanization)
ペッ (alternative)


ストコイ

sutokoi (romanization)
sutkoy? (romanization)


パイガルアン

paykar-an (romanization)
パイカㇻ (alternative)


チヨガン

cuk-an (romanization)
チュㇰ (alternative)
チュキータ (alternative Sakhalin)
チュカㇺ (alternative)
チュㇷ゚ (alternative)


マタアン

mata-an (romanization)
マタ (alternative)
マタイタ (alternative Sakhalin)
マタㇺ (alternative)


バイガンジレチツポ

Ultimately derived from パイガルアン (paykar-an, “spring”).


カーニ

Proto-Ainu *kaani HHH (“metal”) ( < OJ kane HH “metal”).
Borrowed from Japanese 金 (kane, “gold, metal”)


カパリウ

(Sakhalin) Pleuronectidae (righteye flounders)


カムイチカㇵ

カムィ (“a god”) + チカㇵ (“a bird”). Second part is related to チカㇷ゚ (“a bird”).


カムイプヤラ

カムィ (“a god”) + プヤラ

af

カムィ (“a god”) + プヤラ


カムイヘンケ

カムィ (“a god”) + ヘンケ

カムィ (“a god”) + ヘンケ


アトゥイカ

atuika (romanization)
atuyka (romanization)
アトゥイ (alternative)
アトイカ (alternative)


ハシテキ

hashiteki (romanization)
hasiteki (romanization)


チャル

caru (romanization)
charu (romanization)
チャラ (alternative Sakhalin)
チャロ (alternative)
チャㇻ (alternative)


チュカㇺ

cukam (romanization)
chukam (romanization)
チュㇰ (alternative)
チュキータ (alternative Sakhalin)


チュキータ

cukiita (romanization)
チュㇰ (alternative)
チュカㇺ (alternative)


マタイタ

matayta (romanization)
マタ (alternative)
マタㇺ (alternative)


マタㇺ

matam (romanization)
マタ (alternative)
マタイタ (alternative Sakhalin)


チャプㇱ

capus (romanization)
チャートイ (alternative)
チャトイ (alternative)


チャートイ

caatoi (romanization)
chaatoi (romanization)
chātoi (romanization)
チャプㇱ (alternative)
チャトイ (alternative)


エトゥピㇼカ

etupirka (romanization)
エト゚ピㇼカ (alternative)

tufted puffin (Fratercula cirrhata, crested puffin)


アキプ

akipu (romanization)
アㇰ (alternative)
アㇵカポ (alternative)
アキボ (alternative)


アキボ

akibo (romanization)
アㇰ (alternative)
アㇵカポ (alternative)
アキプ (alternative)


ケマ

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril, North Kuril) foot, leg


ケマハ

(Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril) foot of, leg of


サㇵカ

From Nivkh чафӄ (ț’afq), from Manchu ᠰᠠᠪᡴᠠ (sabka), ultimately from Proto-Tungusic *sarpukī (“chopsticks”).


サㇵペ

(Sakhalin) dried fish with the flesh left on the skin


サキータ

sakiita (romanization)
サカン (alternative)


シケレペ

sikerepe (romanization)
シケㇾペ (alternative)

(Sakhalin) Phellodendron amurense (Amur cork tree) nut


シネピサンペ

sinepisanpe (romanization)
シネペサㇺペ (alternative)


タㇵ

(Sakhalin) Betula platyphylla (Asian white birch, Japanese white birch)


タカㇵカ

(Sakhalin) red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus)


チェㇸ

ceh (romanization)
チェㇷ゚ (alternative)
チエㇷ゚ (alternative)


チカㇵ

cikah (romanization)
チカㇷ゚ (alternative)
チリ (alternative)
チㇼ (alternative)
チㇼプ (alternative)


チㇼプ

cirpu (romanization)
チカㇷ゚ (alternative)
チカㇵ (alternative)
チリ (alternative)
チㇼ (alternative)


チトキ

(Sakhalin) necklace with decorative plate


トーペンニー

(Sakhalin) Painted maple (Acer mono Maxim)


カント

kanto (romanization)
カンド (alternative)
ガンド (alternative)


ケタ

(Hokkaido, Soya, Sakhalin, Kuril, South Kuril) star


シㇼウェン

sir-wen (romanization)
シロウエン (alternative)


オㇰカイアイヌ

okkay aynu (romanization)
オㇰカイ (alternative)
オㇰカヨ (alternative)


チャトイ

catoy (romanization)
チャプㇱ (alternative)
チャートイ (alternative)


チャㇻ

car (romanization)
チャラ (alternative Sakhalin)
チャロ (alternative)
チャル (alternative)


チンケウ

cinkew (romanization)
シンリッ (alternative)
ニーシンリッ (alternative)
シンリㇱ (alternative)
ニーチンケウ (alternative)
ニーオーシケヘ (alternative)


レㇰ

(Hokkaido, Kuril, North Kuril) beard (hair)


ノキ

(Kuril, South Kuril, vulgar) loins, testicles, balls


オソㇿカㇺ

(Kuril, South Kuril, vulgar) buttocks, ass


エタカスレ

(Kuril, South Kuril) hybrid between the silver and the red (foxes)


シペ

(Kuril, South Kuril) Siberian salmon, dog salmon


チㇼ

cir (romanization)
チカㇷ゚ (alternative)
チカㇵ (alternative)
チリ (alternative)
チㇼプ (alternative)


サラナ

(Kuril, North Kuril) Kamchatka lily or wild rice


コㇺパㇱ

Borrowed from Japanese コンパス, in turn from Dutch kompas.


シサㇺシアンルル

sisam si-anruru (romanization)
コタンマカロコソラト (alternative)


モシㇼパ

mosir-pa (romanization)
ラマド (alternative)


シルㇽ

sirur (romanization)
シルルクスラマト (alternative)


ウェンレラ

wen rera (romanization)
ウヱンレーラ (alternative)


オヤウェンレラ

oya wen rera (romanization)
コタンシルルクソヲヤベ (alternative)


モシㇼケㇱ

mosir kes (romanization)
ヲヤンベ (alternative)


マカンルㇽケㇱオヤ

makan-rur-kes oya? (romanization)
ヲヤウンシヤンロコ (alternative)


マカンルㇽ

makan-rur (romanization)
アレシヤンコロ (alternative)


トゥㇷ゚ピㇱ

(Hokkaido, Yakumo, Kuril, North Kuril) two


レㇷ゚ピㇱ

(Hokkaido, Yakumo, Kuril, North Kuril) three


トゥㇷ

tuh (romanization)
トゥㇷ (alternative)
two (alternative)


トゥマンテスカーニ

(Sakhalin) belt with decorative hardware


トゥンニ

(Sakhalin) Quercus dentata (Japanese emperor oak, daimyo oak, Korean oak)


トマ

(Sakhalin) Corydalis fumariifolia subsp. azurea (ezo engosaku)


ナイコロカムイ

ナイ (“river, water”) + コㇿ (“to possess”) + カムイ (“a god”), literally "river god".


ナンナ

(Sakhalin, Raichishka, Usoro) older sister


ニー

nii (romanization)
ニ (alternative)
チクニ (alternative)


ニートㇹトキ

(Sakhalin, Tarantomari) black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius)


ニサㇵタ

nisahta (romanization)
クンネイワ (alternative)
ニサッ (alternative)


ニンカーリ

ninkaari (romanization)
ニンカリ (alternative)


サッ・ポロ・ペッ

head

サッ・ポロ・ペッ • (sapporo)

sapporo (romanization)
サㇷ゚ポロ (alternative)

→ Japanese: 札幌

→ English: Sapporo

→ Russian: Са́ппоро m (Sápporo)


キサル

kisaru (romanization)
キサㇻ (alternative)
キサラ (alternative)


レー

ree (romanization)
レ (alternative)
テー (alternative)


ミマㇰ

mimak (romanization)
ニマㇰ (alternative)
イマㇰ (alternative)
イマㇵ (alternative)


イマㇵ

imah (romanization)
ミマㇰ (alternative)
ニマㇰ (alternative)
イマㇰ (alternative)


チクニ

cikuni (romanization)
ニ (alternative)
ニー (alternative)


ウーララ

uurara (romanization)
ウーラル (alternative)
ウラㇻ (alternative)


カㇵ

Proto-Ainu *kAp L (“skin”, “fir”) ( ? < OJ kaFa or PJ *kapa ).


ラㇵコ

→ Japanese: ラッコ (rakko)


ウネウ

ウネウ • (unéw)


ヤットゥイ

ヤットゥイ • (yáttuy)


エトゥペ

エトゥペ • (etúpe)


シㇰラㇷ゚

シㇰラㇷ゚ • (síkrap)


シーマ

Compare Proto-Tungusic *tima (“tomorrow; morning”).