パン

Borrowed from Japanese パン, from Portuguese pão (“bread”), from Latin pānem, accusative singular form of pānis (“bread”). Compare French pain, Italian pane, Romanian pâine, Spanish pan.


ラッパ

From Japanese らっぱ (rappa), from Chinese 喇叭 (lǎba), from Mongolian ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ (labai), from Middle Chinese 螺貝 (MC lwa pajH).


ト

Possibly related to Nivkh ту (tu, “lake”).


ak

Possibly related to Nivkh ыкын (əkən), аӄанд (aqand, “elder brother”).


アイヌ

→ Japanese: アイヌ

→ English: Ainu

ウタリ

comrade, fellow; Ainu people; senses for and

アイヌモシㇼ

Aynu mosir, land of humans; the world; Hokkaido as the Ainu homeland

(more specifically) Ainu person; the Ainu people


aca

used to show respect when addressing older men


ahci

head

ahci (Kana spelling アㇵチ, possessed form ahcihi)

Borrowed from Nivkh ытик (əțik), атик (ațik).


トンコリ

A stringed musical instrument from Sakhalin.


ムックリ

→ Japanese: ムックリ (mukkuri)

Perhaps from Proto-Tungusic *muk(k)änä (“mouth harp”), especially if one takes into account Sakhalin Ainu ムㇷクㇴ (muhkun) and ムㇷクㇴ (muhkuna), with final /n/ instead of /r/. Compare Negidal мухэнэ (muxənə), Ulch мухэлэ (muxələ), Orok мухане̄ (muxan'ē), мухэнэ (muxənə), Nanai муэнэ̄ (muenē) and Manchu ᠮᡝᡴᡝᠨᡳ (mekeni).

cog

A traditional Ainu musical instrument similar to a Jew's harp.


モシㇼ

アィヌモシㇼ

Hokkaido, the world of humans; Ainu land, people land


イタㇰ

From Classical Ainu イタㇰ (itak, “language; to speak”).


カㇺビソㇱ

Compound of カㇺビ (kambi, “paper”) + ソㇱ (sosh, “a layer, as of bark or strata; a page of a book”).


サパ

ユㇰ　サパ


カムィ

Likely related to Proto-Japonic *kamuy (“god”). The exact relationship between the two terms is unclear.
John Batchelor analyses kamuy as being made up of the root ka ("above"), which is then kamu ("to cover") and finally, through the addition of nominalising particle y, kamuy ("he who covers or overshadows"). In this case, Proto-Japonic *kamuy or Old Japanese 神 (kami₂, kamu-) would be, in fact, a borrowing from Ainu.

アペ カムイ


イワ

Possibly related to Japanese 岩 (iwa, “crag, rock”).


シサㇺ

→ Nivkh: сисам (sisam)

シ (“true”) + サㇺ (“side”) meaning "immediate side", referring to the Japanese island of Honshu being right next to Hokkaido, the Ainu homeland.


numa

head

numa (Kana spelling ヌマ, possessed form numaha)


アイヌイタㇰ

Compound of アイヌ (aynu, “Ainu, person”) + イタㇰ (itak, “speech, language”).


ナイ

→ Japanese: 奈井江


カムイモシㇼ

[kàꜛmúj mò̞ꜛɕíɾ]

Compound of カムイ (kamuy, “god”) + モシㇼ (mosir, “land”).

アィヌモシㇼ

the world of humans; Hokkaido, the Ainu homeland


パスイ

Borrowed from Japanese 箸 (hashi), possibly Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pasui.


パシユイ

パスイ パスイ#Ainu

Alternative spelling of パスイ (“chopsticks”)


ペッ

→ Japanese: 別 (betsu)

チュㇷ゚ ペッ

sun river, supposed origin of Asahikawa's name


アットゥㇱ

Traditional Ainu coat, kimono made from such cloth


イナゥ

→ English: inau

→ Japanese: イナウ

→ Nivkh: инау (inau), нау (nau)

→ Oroch: илау (ilau)

desc

→ Orok: и̇лау̇ (ïlaü)

→ Orok: и̇лау̇ (ïlaü)

Possibly related to Manchu ᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (ilambi, “to blossom”) and Manchu ᡳᠯᡥᠠ (ilha, “a flower”).

A sacred shaved stick, symbolizing a bird, used for prayer


シㇼ

→ Japanese: 尻 (shiri) (in place names)


コッ

dip (in the ground), small valley, ditch, grave, hole, dyke


チュㇷ゚

head

チュㇷ゚ • (cup)

チュㇷ゚カリ

a place in the sunshine, where the sun is shining


ハポ

クコㇿ ハポ アン。


アㇵチ

アㇵチ (Latin spelling ahci, possessed form アㇵチヒ)

ahci (romanization)
アㇵチヒ (possessed-form)


kamuy

Likely related to Old Japanese 神 (kamu, “god”). The exact relationship between the two terms is unclear. Modern Japanese 神 (kami) may have derived from kamu + i (Old Japanese emphatic nominal particle), producing *kamui, and then being borrowed into Ainu as kamuy.
John Batchelor, however, analyses kamuy as being made up of the root ka (“above”), which is then kamu (“to cover”) and finally, through the addition of nominalising particle y, kamuy (“he who covers or overshadows”). In this case, Japanese 神 (kami) would be, in fact, a borrowing from Ainu.

ape kamuy


ウフイヌプリ

From ウフイ (“to burn”) + ヌプリ (“mountain”). Compare 火山 (huǒshān) in Chinese, Japanese or Korean.


レㇲプビリカ

Borrowed from Russian респу́блика (respúblika), from Latin rēspūblica.


デウシカ

Borrowed from Russian девушка (devuška).


フレ

フレ (Latin spelling hure, Cyrillic spelling хурэ)


kamuymosir

[kàꜛmúj mò̞ꜛɕíɾ]


hekaci

From hekatu (“to be born”) + -i (“nominalising suffix”), literally “born person”.


nimaki

From ni (“root morpheme for tooth”) + maki.


parunpe

From paro (“mouth”) + un (“locative particle”) + pe (“thing”), literally “thing in mouth”.


cikiri

/t͡ɕìꜛkʲíɾí/

From ci + kiri (“root morpheme for foot”).


noype

head

noype (Kana spelling ノィペ, possessed form noypehe)

From noy (“to twist, wind”) + -p (“thing”), literally “the twisting thing”. Sakhalin varieties have keyoroh (“brain”).


hapah

head

hapah (Kana spelling ハパㇵ, possessed form hapapuhu)


patoy

patoy (Kana spelling パトィ, possessed form patoye)


キプツ゚ㇽ

キプツ゚ㇽ (Latin spelling kiputur, possessed form キプツ゚ル)

kiputur (romanization)
キプツ゚ル (possessed-form)

From キㇷ゚ (kip, “hairline”) + ウツ゚ㇽ (utur, “between”).


ケメコッ

ケㇺ (“famine”) + エ (“from it”) + コッ (“die”)


コンカニ

Borrowed from Japanese 黄金 (kogane, “gold”)


リクンモシㇼ

Compound of リクン (rikun, “above”) + モシㇼ (mosir, “land”).


ポㇰナモシㇼ

テイネポㇰナモシㇼ

teyne pokna mosir, the "damp underworld", a hellish realm where evil kamuy and people are banished into


テイネポㇰナモシㇼ

テイネ (“wet, damp”) + ポㇰナモシㇼ (“underworld, world of the dead”)

af

the "damp underworld", a hellish realm where the spirits of evil kamuy and people are banished into.


ウェンカムイ

ウェン (“evil, bad”) + カムィ (“a kamuy, a god”)

テイネポㇰナモシㇼ

Teyne Pokna Mosir; damp underworld; the a hellish realm where evil gods and people are sent to


ユカㇻ

→ English: yukar

→ Japanese: ユーカラ

any one of the many long sagas that make up traditional Ainu oral literature; an epic.


アフンルパㇽ

アフン (“enter”) + ル (“road”) + パㇽ (“mouth”).

(religion, mythology) in Ainu mythology, an entrance to the underworld.