aynu

アィヌ アィヌ#Ainu

human, man (as opposed to animals or gods)

アィヌ アィヌ#Ainu

Latin spelling of アィヌ
man (adult male human)

アィヌ アィヌ#Ainu

クコㇿ アイヌ。
Ku=kor ainu.
My father.

アィヌ アィヌ#Ainu

Latin spelling of アィヌ
(with possessives) father, husband


ラッパ

From Japanese らっぱ (rappa), from Chinese 喇叭 (lǎba), from Mongolian ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ (labai), from Middle Chinese 螺貝 (MC lwa pajH).


レプンカムイ

Compound of レㇷ゚ (rep, “the sea, the ocean”) + ウン (un, “of, in”) + カムイ (kamuy, “spirit, god”).


アペ

Compare Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy (“fire”).


チャシ

From Classical Ainu チャシ (casi). Possibly cognate with, or derived from, Old Korean 城叱 (*CAs).


チロンヌㇷ゚

Compound of チ (ci, “people”, as a general indicator) + ロンヌ (ronnu, “to kill”) + ㇷ゚ (-p, nominalizing suffix), basically meaning “the thing that people kill”.

フレㇷ゚

red thing; furep, more specifically, a red fox

ウパㇲ チロンヌㇷ゚

upas cironnup, literally + in reference to the white coat

ウォロ チロンヌㇷ゚

river otter; interior; thing people kill; interior

woro cironnup, literally + in reference to inland rivers


エツ゚

head

エツ゚ • (’etu)

エトゥ エトゥ#Ainu

obsolete spelling of エトゥ (etu, “nose, snout; spout; handle”)


トペ

Probably from ト (to, “breast”) + ペッ (pet, “water”).


コタン

→⇒ Japanese: 鶏 (kutakake, kudakake)


モシㇼ

アィヌモシㇼ

Hokkaido, the world of humans; Ainu land, people land


レハムㇱ

Cornus canadensis
Cornus canadensis#Translingual


カムイフㇺベ

カムイ (kamui, “god”) + フㇺベ (humbe, “whale”)


イタㇰ

From Classical Ainu イタㇰ (itak, “language; to speak”).


カㇺビソㇱ

Compound of カㇺビ (kambi, “paper”) + ソㇱ (sosh, “a layer, as of bark or strata; a page of a book”).


ア-

From Classical Ainu アン-, of the same meaning.


サパ

ユㇰ　サパ


カムイチェㇷ゚

Compound of カムイ (kamuy, “bear; god”) + チェㇷ゚ (cep, “fish”).


チェㇷ゚

Possibly cognate with Nivkh чо (ț’o, “fish”).


カムィ

Likely related to Proto-Japonic *kamuy (“god”). The exact relationship between the two terms is unclear.
John Batchelor analyses kamuy as being made up of the root ka ("above"), which is then kamu ("to cover") and finally, through the addition of nominalising particle y, kamuy ("he who covers or overshadows"). In this case, Proto-Japonic *kamuy or Old Japanese 神 (kami₂, kamu-) would be, in fact, a borrowing from Ainu.

(by extension from the god sense) a bear (large mammal of family Ursidae)


フンチ・ヌプリ

Mount Fuji (the highest mountain in Japan)


ㇲ

Halfwidth katakana characters ｱｧ ｲｨ ｳｩ ｴｪ ｵｫ ｶ ｷ ｸ ｹ ｺ ｻ ｼ ｽ ｾ ｿ ﾀ ﾁ ﾂｯ ﾃ ﾄ ﾅ ﾆ ﾇ ﾈ ﾉ ﾊ ﾋ ﾌ ﾍ ﾎ ﾏ ﾐ ﾑ ﾒ ﾓ ﾔｬ ﾕｭ ﾖｮ ﾗ ﾘ ﾙ ﾚ ﾛ ﾜ ｦ ﾝ

Taiwanese kana tone signs 𚿰 𚿱 𚿲 𚿳 𚿵 𚿶 𚿷 𚿸 𚿹 𚿺 𚿻 𚿽 𚿾


イワ

Possibly related to Japanese 岩 (iwa, “crag, rock”).


アエㇷ゚

head

アエㇷ゚ • (aep)


イサ チセ

イサ (isa, “doctor?”) + チセ (cise, “house”)


ウンマ

Borrowed from Japanese 馬 (uma). The geminate nasal may reflect an emphasized nasal in older Japanese pronunciation; see the etymology at Japanese 馬 for more.


シサㇺ

→ Nivkh: сисам (sisam)


ヌチャ

Borrowed from a language of the Sakhalin Island. Compare Orok луча (luča), Nivkh нуча (nuț’a), etc.

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


アイヌイタㇰ

Compound of アイヌ (aynu, “Ainu, person”) + イタㇰ (itak, “speech, language”).


イサㇺ

to die, to be gone, not to be there anymore


アィヌ

アイヌ アイヌ#Ainu


ナイ

→ Japanese: 奈井江


エムシイ

エムシ エムシ#Ainu


プクサ

A wild edible plant which tastes similar to garlic (Allium ochotense).


パシユイ

パスイ パスイ#Ainu

Alternative spelling of パスイ (“chopsticks”)


アチャ

used to show respect when addressing older men


パスイ

Borrowed from Japanese 箸 (hashi), possibly Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pasui.


カムイモシㇼ

[kàꜛmúj mò̞ꜛɕíɾ]

Compound of カムイ (kamuy, “god”) + モシㇼ (mosir, “land”).

アィヌモシㇼ

the world of humans; Hokkaido, the Ainu homeland


カムイモシリ

カムイモシㇼ カムイモシㇼ#Ainu


アイヌモシㇼ

[ʔájꜜnù mò̞ꜛɕír]

From アイヌ (“human”) + モシㇼ (“land”). First attested in a 1591 Latin manuscript titled "De yezorum insula" as "Aino moxori" or "Aino mosir" as the name of Hokkaido, meaning "land of the Aino [Ainu]".

the land of the Ainu people: Hokkaidō, southern Sakhalin, or the Kuril Islands, northern Honshu


アンケㇲ

From Ainu アン (an, “night”) + Ainu ケス (kes, “end”).


アチポ

アチャポ アチャポ#Ainu


アムシペ

アムㇱペ アムㇱペ#Ainu


アママ

アㇺアㇺ アㇺアㇺ#Ainu


アマㇺ

アㇺアㇺ アㇺアㇺ#Ainu


アプトアㇱパ

アプトアㇱ アプトアㇱ#Ainu


アㇷ゚カシ

アㇷ゚カㇱ アㇷ゚カㇱ#Ainu


イナオ

イナウ イナウ#Ainu


アッツ゚ㇱ

アットゥㇱ アットゥㇱ#Ainu


ウタラ

ウタリ ウタリ#Ainu


ウタレ

ウタリ ウタリ#Ainu


アットゥㇱ

Cloth made from the inner bark of elm trees


ハㇲカプ

→ English: haskap

→ Japanese: ハスカップ (hasukappu)

From ハㇱ (has) + カ (ka) + オㇷ゚ (op), meaning "something that grows abundantly on branches"

the blue honeysuckle or honeyberry (Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx). A deciduous shrub native to East Asia.


イナゥ

→ Nivkh: инау (inau), нау (nau)

→ Oroch: илау (ilau)

desc

→ Orok: и̇лау̇ (ïlaü)

→ Orok: и̇лау̇ (ïlaü)

A sacred shaved stick, symbolizing a bird, used for prayer


カㇺビ

Borrowed from Old Japanese 紙 (*KAMI₁, “paper”). See the Old Japanese entry for more information.

a letter (written to someone), an epistle


シㇼ

→ Japanese: 尻 (shiri) (in place names)

mountain (as a living entity, as a spirit)


ツ゚ㇷ゚

head

ツ゚ㇷ゚ • (tup)

Possibly cognate with Korean 둘 (dul, “two”).


ホシピ

(intransitive) to return, to go back to a place


ホシピレ

(transitive) to return something, to send back something


コッ

dip (in the ground), small valley, ditch, grave, hole, dyke


シネペサン

[ɕìꜛnépésán]


チュㇷ゚

チュㇷ゚ • (cup)

チュㇷ゚カリ

a place in the sunshine, where the sun is shining


オゥペカ

オウペカレ

to make something straight or accurate, to adjust, to mend, to put to rights


トゥナカィ

Japanese: トナカイ (tonakai)


ハポ

クコㇿ ハポ アン。


コㇿ

From Classical Ainu コㇿ (kor, “to have, possess”).


セ゚

The character セ (se) with a handakuten (ﾟ).


エト゚ピㇼカ

Japanese: エトピリカ (etopirika)


オンネㇷ゚

→? Middle Chinese: 膃肭 (MC 'wot nrjuwk)

⇒ Middle Chinese: 膃肭臍 (MC 'wot nrjuwk dzej)

→ Japanese: 膃肭臍(おっとせい) (ottosei)


エルㇺ

エルㇺ キナ

Plantago major: broadleaf plaintain, greater plantain; rat grass


アㇵチ

アㇵチ (Latin spelling ahci, possessed form アㇵチヒ)

ahci (romanization)
アㇵチヒ (possessed-form)

Borrowed from Nivkh ытик (əțik), атик (ațik).


ウフイヌプリ

From ウフイ (“to burn”) + ヌプリ (“mountain”). Compare 火山 (huǒshān) in Chinese, Japanese or Korean.


シネ イカシマ ワン

シネ イカシマ ワン (Latin spelling sine ikasima wan)

From シネ (“one”) + イカシマ (“to exceed”) + ワン (“ten”).


トゥ イカシマ ワン

head

トゥ イカシマ ワン (Latin spelling tu ikasima wan)

From トゥ (“two”) + イカシマ (“to exceed”) + ワン (“ten”).


イネ イカシマ ワン

head

イネ イカシマ ワン (Latin spelling ine ikasima wan)

From イネ (“four”) + イカシマ (“to exceed”) + ワン (“ten”).


レ イカシマ ワン

head

レ イカシマ ワン (Latin spelling re ikasima wan)

From レ (“three”) + イカシマ (“to exceed”) + ワン (“ten”).


アラワン イカシマ ワン

head

アラワン イカシマ ワン (Latin spelling arawan ikasima wan)

From アラワン (“seven”) + イカシマ (“to exceed”) + ワン (“ten”).


イワン イカシマ ワン

head

イワン イカシマ ワン (Latin spelling iwan ikasima wan)

From イワン (“six”) + イカシマ (“to exceed”) + ワン (“ten”).


シネペサン イカシマ ワン

head

シネペサン イカシマ ワン (Latin spelling sinepesan ikasima wan)

From シネペサン (“nine”) + イカシマ (“to exceed”) + ワン (“ten”).


トゥペサン イカシマ ワン

head

トゥペサン イカシマ ワン (Latin spelling tupesan ikasima wan)

From トゥペサン (“eight”) + イカシマ (“to exceed”) + ワン (“ten”).


アシㇰネ イカシマ ワン

head

アシㇰネ イカシマ ワン (Latin spelling asikne ikasima wan)

From アシㇰネ (“five”) + イカシマ (“to exceed”) + ワン (“ten”).


コンガネ

Borrowing from Japanese 金 (kogane) with a complementary typical Ainu nasalisation, hence the n.


クンギ

Borrowing from Old Japanese 釘 (kugi₁) with a complementary typical Ainu nasalization from Old Japanese prenasalization, hence the n.

nail (spike made of metal or hard material used to stick something)


ニマキシルシルㇷ゚

ニマキ (nimaki, “tooth”) + シルシル (shiru-shiru, “to brush”) + ㇷ゚ (-p, “suffix to create concrete items”)


レㇷ゚

From レ (re, “three”) + -ㇷ゚ (-p, noun-forming suffix, reduction of ペ (pe), “thing”).

suffix

noun-forming suffix, reduction of <i class="Kana mention" lang="ain">ペ</i> (pe), “thing”


イネㇷ゚

Possibly cognate with Korean 넷 (net, “four”).


ト゚ㇷ゚

head

ト゚ㇷ゚ • (tup)

Possibly cognate with Korean 둘 (dul, “two”).


コレヤ

Borrowed from Russian Корея (Koreja),
Sino-Korean 고려(高麗) (Goryeo).


レㇲプビリカ

Borrowed from Russian респу́блика (respúblika), from Latin rēspūblica.


レㇰラマ

Borrowed from Russian реклама (reklama), in turn from French réclame.


ウㇰライナ

From Russian Украи́на (Ukraína) or Ukrainian Украї́на (Ukrajína).


デウシカ

Borrowed from Russian девушка (devuška).


リュキュ

ja-r

琉球(りゅうきゅう) (ryūkyū)


フレ

head

フレ (Latin spelling hure, Cyrillic spelling хурэ)


サマㇺベ

サマンペ サマンペ#Ainu


i=

one, someone (impersonal object pronoun, both singular and plural)

(inclusive) us (first-person plural object pronoun)

(polite) you (second-person object pronoun, both singular and plural)


シネㇷ゚

From シネ (sine, “one”) + -ㇷ゚ (-p, noun-forming suffix, reduction of ペ (pe), “thing”).


sinepesan

[ɕìꜛnépésán]


sine ikasima wan

head

sine ikasima wan (Kana spelling シネ イカシマ ワン)

From sine (“one”) + ikasima (“to exceed”) + wan (“ten”).


tu ikasima wan

head

tu ikasima wan (Kana spelling トゥ イカシマ ワン)

From tu (“two”) + ikasima (“to exceed”) + wan (“ten”).


asikne ikasima wan

head

アシㇰネ イカシマ ワン

asikne ikasima wan (Kana spelling アシㇰネ イカシマ ワン)

ain-numeral

アシㇰネ イカシマ ワン

From asikne (“five”) + ikasima (“to exceed”) + wan (“ten”).


re ikasima wan

head

re ikasima wan (Kana spelling レ イカシマ ワン)

From re (“three”) + ikasima (“to exceed”) + wan (“ten”).


ine ikasma wan

head

ine ikasma wan (Kana spelling イネ イカㇱマ ワン)

From ine (“four”) + ikasma (“to exceed”) + wan (“ten”).


iwan ikasima wan

head

iwan ikasima wan (Kana spelling イワン イカシマ ワン)

From iwan (“six”) + ikasima (“to exceed”) + wan (“ten”).


tupesan ikasima wan

head

トゥペサン イカシマ ワン

tupesan ikasima wan (Kana spelling トゥペサン イカシマ ワン)

ain-numeral

トゥペサン イカシマ ワン

From tupesan (“eight”) + ikasima (“to exceed”) + wan (“ten”).


sinepesan ikasima wan

head

シネペサン イカシマ ワン

sinepesan ikasima wan (Kana spelling シネペサン イカシマ ワン)

ain-numeral

シネペサン イカシマ ワン

From sinepesan (“nine”) + ikasima (“to exceed”) + wan (“ten”).


arawan ikasma wan

head

アラワン イカㇱマ ワン

arawan ikasma wan (Kana spelling アラワン イカㇱマ ワン)

ain-numeral

アラワン イカㇱマ ワン

From arawan (“seven”) + ikasma (“to exceed”) + wan (“ten”).


aynumosir

[ʔájꜜnù mò̞ꜛɕír]

the land of the Ainu people: Hokkaidō, southern Sakhalin, or the Kuril Islands


kamuymosir

[kàꜛmúj mò̞ꜛɕíɾ]


aoka

(Saru dialect) one, some people (impersonal plural pronoun)


sinuma

he, she, it (third-person singular pronoun)


ecioka

[è̞t͡ɕìò̞ꜛká]

(Saru dialect) you, ye (second-person plural pronoun)


kuani

From ku (“1st-person singular prefix”) + an (“is”) + i (“nominalising suffix”), literally “that which is me”.

I (first-person singular subject pronoun)


eani

From e (“2nd-person singular prefix”) + an (“is”) + i (“nominalising suffix”), literally “that which is you”.

you, thou (second-person singular pronoun)


eciokay

[è̞t͡ɕìò̞ꜛkáj]

From eci (“2nd-person plural prefix”) + oka (“are”) + i (“nominalising suffix”), literally “those which are you”.


asinuma

one, oneself, someone (impersonal singular pronoun)


anokay

From a (“impersonal prefix”) + oka (“is”) + i (“nominalising suffix”), literally “those which are (someone)”.


anihi

From an (“is”) + i (“nominalising suffix”), literally “that which is”, with the final vowel doubled.


ciokay

[t͡ɕìꜛó̞káj]

From ci (“1st-person plural prefix”) + oka (“are”) + i (“nominalising suffix”), literally “those which are us”.

(exclusive) we (first-person plural subject pronoun)


ciutari

[t͡ɕìùꜛtárí]

From a (“impersonal prefix”) + utar (“plural suffix”) + i (“nominalising suffix”), literally “those which (are) someone”.


anutari

one, some people (impersonal plural subject pronoun)


un=

(exclusive) us (first-person plural object pronoun)


e=

you, thou (first-person singular subject pronoun)

you, thee (first-person singular object pronoun)


a=

(inclusive) we (first-person plural subject pronoun)


eci=

you, ye (first-person plural subject pronoun)

you (first-person plural object pronoun)


eciutari

[èt͡ɕìùꜛtárí]

From eci (“2nd-person plural prefix”) + utar (“plural suffix”) + i (“nominalising suffix”), literally “those which (are) you”.

you, ye (second-person plural subject pronoun)


neya

From ney (“that”) + a (“to sit”), literally “(the thing) that sits there”.

(demonstrative) that (close to the speaker and listener)


neyan

head

neyan (Kana spelling ネヤン, plural neyokay)

From ney (“that”) + an (“is”), literally “that being”.


makanak

[mà̠ꜛká̠ná̠k]


henpara

From hen (“interrogatory root”). See henpak, hemanta.


henpak

From hen (“interrogatory root”) + pak (“until”). See hemanta, henpara.


nekon

From ne (“interrogatory root”) + kon (“adverbial particle”). See nep, nen.


hekaci

From hekatu (“to be born”) + -i (“nominalising suffix”), literally “born person”.


cikoykip

/t͡ɕìkòjꜛkʲíp/

From ci- (“passive prefix”) + koyki (“to attack, catch”) + -p (“thing”), literally “thing that is caught”.


matkaci

/mátꜜkàt͡ɕì/


cikuni

/t͡ɕìꜛkúnʲi/

From ni (“tree”). The first part is probably related to Nivkh тиғр (țiγr), чӽар̌ (ț’ẋař, “tree”).


kinasut

Shortening of kinasutunkur or kinasutkamuy (literally “person in the grass”).


reyep

From reye (“to crawl, walk on four feet”) + -p (“thing”), literally “thing that walks on four feet”.


cikiri

/t͡ɕìꜛkʲíɾí/

From ci + kiri (“root morpheme for foot”).


parunpe

From paro (“mouth”) + un (“locative particle”) + pe (“thing”), literally “thing in mouth”.


nimaki

From ni (“root morpheme for tooth”) + maki.


yayrayke

From yay- (“reflexive prefix”) + rayke (“to kill”).

prefix

(intransitive) to kill oneself, commit suicide


rayke

From ray (“to die”) + -ke (“causative suffix”).


eramuan

head

eramuan (Kana spelling エラムアン, plural eramuoka)

From e (“directional prefix”) + ramu (“mind”) + an (“to be”), literally “to have understanding towards”.


hopuni

head

hopuni (Kana spelling ホプニ, plural hopunpa)


yaynu

From yay- (“reflexive prefix”) + nu (“to hear, feel”).


kusu ne

Ku ek gusu ne, "I shall come."

1905, John Bachelor, An Ainu-English-Japanese Dictionary (Including a Grammar of the Ainu Language):


イサ

Borrowed from Japanese 医者 (isha), in turn from Chinese 醫者／医者 (yīzhě).


noype

head

noype (Kana spelling ノィペ, possessed form noypehe)

From noy (“to twist, wind”) + -p (“thing”), literally “the twisting thing”. Sakhalin varieties have keyoroh (“brain”).


シントコ

Possibly related Nivkh сидух (sidux), синдух (sindux, “barrel”).


hapah

head

hapah (Kana spelling ハパㇵ, possessed form hapapuhu)


マキリ

→ Japanese: まぎり (magiri)

→ Oroch: магири (magiri)


arakke

Either from Nivkh арак (arak), or directly from Proto-Tungusic *arakïï. Compare Manchu ᠠᡵᡴᡳ (arki), Evenki аракӣ (arakī), and Mongolian архи (arxi).


カㇷ゚

Possibly related to Old Japanese 皮 (kapa, “skin”), from Proto-Japonic *kapa.


patoy

patoy (Kana spelling パトィ, possessed form patoye)


ユプ

ユプ (Latin spelling yupu, plural ユㇷ゚パ, causative ユㇷ゚ケ)

yupu (romanization)
ユㇷ゚パ (plural)
ユㇷ゚ケ (causative)

Borrowed from Nivkh юпть (jupț, “to tie”).


サマンペ

Probably derived from Ainu サマ (sama, “to stretch out, lie flat”).


キプツ゚ㇽ

head

キプツ゚ㇽ (Latin spelling kiputur, possessed form キプツ゚ル)

kiputur (romanization)
キプツ゚ル (possessed-form)

From キㇷ゚ (kip, “hairline”) + ウツ゚ㇽ (utur, “between”).


モセ

Possibly from Japanese 苧(むし) (mushi, “ramie plant”), likely from Middle Korean 모시 (mwòsì, “ramie plant or cloth”).


アッテ

(transitive) to suspend, to hang, to hang up


ケメコッ

ケㇺ (“famine”) + エ (“from it”) + コッ (“die”)


テㇱマニ

Compound of テㇱマ (tesma, “snowshoe”) + ニ (ni, “tree”), in possible reference to the shape of the leaves.


ツレㇷ゚ニ

Compound of ツレㇷ゚ (turep, “a type of lily with an edible bulb, Lilium glehnii”) + ニ (ni, “tree”), likely in reference to the similarity of the leaves.


トント

→ Japanese: 胡獱

→ Nivkh: туӈ (tuŋ)


ト゚ナカィ

Japanese: 馴鹿

Related to Sakhalin Nivkh тʼлаӈи (tʰlaŋi) (which bears the same meaning)


kinasutunkur

Compound of kina (“grass”) + sut (“root”) + un (“live in”) + kur (“man”, used equally to postfix -pe)


コンカニ

Borrowed from Japanese 黄金 (kogane, “gold”)


リクンモシㇼ

Compound of リクン (rikun, “above”) + モシㇼ (mosir, “land”).


ホユプ

クホユプ ワ クシンキ。
Ku=hoyupu wa ku=sinki.
I ran and got tired.


hoyupu

ホユプ ホユプ#Ainu


スパ

(transitive) to simmer, to braise, to boil


メンヨ

From Japanese 綿羊 (men'yō), in turn from Chinese 綿羊／绵羊 (miányáng)


pokna

ポㇰナ ポㇰナ#Ainu


ポㇰナ

ポㇰ (pok, “down”) + ナ (na, “facing, in the direction of”)


ウェンカムイ

ウェン (“evil, bad”) + カムイ (“a kamuy, a god”)

テイネポㇰナモシㇼ

Teyne Pokna Mosir; damp underworld; the a hellish realm where evil gods and people are sent to


ポㇰナモシㇼ

テイネポㇰナモシㇼ

teyne pokna mosir, the "damp underworld", a hellish realm where evil kamuy and people are banished into


テイネポㇰナモシㇼ

テイネ (“wet, damp”) + ポㇰナモシㇼ (“underworld, world of the dead”)

the "damp underworld", a hellish realm where the spirits of evil kamuy and people are banished into.


ユカㇻ

→ English: yukar

→ Japanese: ユーカラ

any one of the many long sagas that make up traditional Ainu oral literature; an epic.