besetting

besetting (plural besettings or besettinge (dated))

besettings (plural)
besettinge (dated plural)

From Dutch bezetting, from Middle Dutch besettinge. Equivalent to beset + -ing.


reeks

head

reeks (plural reekse, diminutive reeksie)

From Dutch reeks, from Middle Dutch raecs, reecs (“chain”), from Old Dutch *rakis, of uncertain origin.

Dit is 'n reeks letters, 'n reeks woorde, maar het dit betekenis, ek dink nie so nie...

This is a sequence of letters, a sequence of words, but does it have any meaning, I don't think so...

Die uitgewer het al 'n nuwe reeks boeke aangekondig.

The publisher has already announced a new series of books.

Daardie komiese reeks op televisie oor 'n dwelmbende in 'n bewaarskool is baie populêr.

That comedic series on television about a drug gang operating in a kindergarten is very popular.

A series of video media, e.g. a television or internet series.


Australië

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire; capital: Canberra)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands; capital: Canberra)


nommer

From Dutch nummer, from Middle Dutch nommer, from Old French nombre, from Latin numerus.

(Cape Afrikaans, chiefly plural) prison gang


kaal

af-adj

kaal (attributive kaal, comparative kaler, superlative kaalste)

kaal (attributive)
kaler (comparative)
kaalste (superlative)
kaal (attributive positive predicative)
kale (attributive independent positive singular)
kales (attributive independent plural positive)
kaals (partitive positive)
kaler (attributive comparative predicative)
kalere (attributive comparative independent singular)
kaleres (attributive comparative independent plural)
kalers (comparative partitive)
kaalste (attributive predicative superlative)
kaalste (singular superlative)
kaalstes (attributive independent plural superlative)

From Dutch kaal, from Middle Dutch cale, from Old Dutch *kalo, from Proto-Germanic *kalwaz (“naked, bald”), from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“naked, bald”).


moskee

From Dutch moskee, from Middle French mosquee, from Italian moschea, from Medieval Latin meschita, from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid).


wilg

From Dutch wilg, from Middle Dutch wilge, from Old Dutch *wilga, from Proto-West Germanic *wiligijā.


Pretoria

Named after Andries Pretorius (1798–1853).

Pretoria (the administrative capital of South Africa)


myne

Daardie is jou hemp en hierdie is myne.

That is your shirt and this one is mine.


pous

From Dutch paus, from Middle Dutch paus.


snoek

→ English: snoek

From Dutch snoek, from Middle Dutch snoec, from Old Dutch *snuoc.


dié

Orthographic variant of stressed die (“the”).

this; these; that; those (unspecific with regard to distance or number, unlike 'dit' which is exclusively singular.)


Tadjikistan

Tajikistan (a country in Central Asia; capital: Doesjanbe)


voel

af-verb

voel (present voel, present participle voelende, past participle gevoel)

voel (present)
voelende (participle present)
gevoel (participle past)

From Dutch voelen, from Middle Dutch voelen, from Old Dutch *fuolen, from Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”).


derm

intestine, gut; e.g. in anatomy, the term "slukderm" (literally "swallowing gut") is a technically established term for "oesophagus".


vind

af-verb

vind (present vind, present participle vindende, past participle gevind)

vind (present)
vindende (participle present)
gevind (participle past)

From Dutch vinden, from Middle Dutch vinden, from Old Dutch findan, from Proto-Germanic *finþaną, from Proto-Indo-European *pent-.


Freetown

Freetown (the capital city of Sierra Leone)


Majuro

Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands#English

Majuro (an atoll and capital city of the Marshall Islands)


salto

From Dutch salto, from Italian salto, from Latin saltus.

somersault, flip (jump where one makes a 360° rotation)


stam

From Dutch stam, from Middle Dutch stam, from Old Dutch *stam, from Proto-West Germanic [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *stamniz.


lieg

lieg (present lieg, present participle liegende, past participle gelieg)

lieg (present)
liegende (participle present)
gelieg (participle past)

From Dutch liegen, from Middle Dutch liegen, from Old Dutch liegan, from Proto-Germanic *leuganą, from Proto-Indo-European *lewgʰ-.


weet

weet (present weet, present participle wetende, past wis, past participle geweet)

weet (present)
wetende (participle present)
wis (past)
geweet (participle past)

From Dutch weten (“to know”), from Middle Dutch weten, from Old Dutch witan, from Proto-Germanic *witaną, from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“see, know”). Related to English wit.


hy

From Dutch hij, from Middle Dutch hi, from Old Dutch hie, hē, from Proto-Germanic *hiz.

1. The forms jul and hul are unstressed variants. They are used mostly in possessive function

chiefly when the pronoun is repeated within the same sentence

Hy sien my nie.

third-person singular subject pronoun
he (referring to a male person)

Ek het die boek gelees, maar hy is baie moeilik om te volg.

I’ve read the book, but it is very difficult to follow.

third-person singular subject pronoun
it (referring to a non-personal noun)


roos

From Dutch roos, from Middle Dutch rose, from Old French rose, from Latin rosa.


graag

Ek wil graag saamkom!

gladly, eagerly (meaning that the subject is eager to perform the action of the verb)


wil

af-verb

wil (present wil, past wou, past participle gewil)

wil (present)
wou (past)
gewil (participle past)

From Dutch willen, from Middle Dutch willen, from Old Dutch willen, from Proto-Germanic *wiljaną, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-.


hoor

hoor (present hoor, present participle horende, past participle gehoor)

hoor (present)
horende (participle present)
gehoor (participle past)

From Dutch horen, from Middle Dutch horen, from Old Dutch *hōren, from Proto-West Germanic *hauʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti.


mossel

head

mossel (plural mossels, diminutive mosseltjie)

mossels (plural)
mosseltjie (diminutive)

From Dutch mossel, from Middle Dutch mosscele.


werkwoord

From Dutch werkwoord. Equivalent to werk + woord.


kers

From dialectal Dutch kers (“candle”), variant of kaars, from Middle Dutch kerse. The Dutch development -er- → -aar- before a dental consonant is absent in a number of Afrikaans words (compare lantern, perd, stert, werd).


leef

af-verb

leef (present leef, present participle lewende, past participle geleef)

leef (present)
lewende (participle present)
geleef (participle past)

From Dutch leven, from Middle Dutch leven, from Old Dutch *livon, from Proto-Germanic *libjaną.


bestaan

bestaan (present bestaan, present participle bestaande, past participle bestaan)

bestaan (present)
bestaande (participle present)
bestaan (participle past)

From Dutch bestaan, from Middle Dutch bestaen.


skelet

head

skelet (plural skelette, diminutive skeletjie)

skelette (plural)
skeletjie (diminutive)

Inherited from Dutch skelet, from German Skelett, from Ancient Greek σκελετός (skeletós, “dried up, withered, dried body, parched, mummy”), from σκελλώ (skellṓ, “to dry, dry up, to make dry, to parch”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to parch, wither”).


geraamte

head

geraamte (plural geraamtes, diminutive geraamtetjie)

geraamtes (plural)
geraamtetjie (diminutive)

From Dutch geraamte, from Middle Dutch geraemte.


boekwinkel

boekwinkel (plural boekwinkels, diminutive boekwinkeltjie)

boekwinkels (plural)
boekwinkeltjie (diminutive)


oorbel

oorbel (plural oorbelle, diminutive oorbelletjie)

oorbelle (plural)
oorbelletjie (diminutive)


sondares

sondares (plural sondaresse, diminutive sondaressie, masculine sondaar)

sondaresse (plural)
sondaressie (diminutive)
sondaar (masculine)

From Dutch zondares. Equivalent to sondaar + -es.


subsidie

From Dutch subsidie, from Middle Dutch subsidie, from Latin subsidium.


rol

rol (plural rolle, diminutive rolletjie)


rol

af-verb

rol (present rol, present participle rollende, past participle gerol)

rol (present)
rollende (participle present)
gerol (participle past)


vriendin

head

vriendin (plural vriendinne, diminutive vriendinnetjie)

vriendinne (plural)
vriendinnetjie (diminutive)

From Dutch vriendin, from Middle Dutch vriendinne. Equivalent to vriend + -in.

Die vriendinne swem vaak in die dam, maar vandag vlug hulle weg, omdat iemand klippe daarin gooi.

The female friends often swim in the pond, but today they fled away because someone threw stones into it.

Baie mense wat WikiWoordeboek bewerk, sowel mans as vroue, het geen vriendin nie.

Many people who edit Wiktionary, both men and women, do not have a girlfriend.

girlfriend (unmarried female romantic partner)


gewoond

af-adj

gewoond (used only predicatively, not comparable)

From Dutch gewend, influenced by gewoon (“usual”), probably after or reinforced by German gewohnt, gewöhnt.

Ons het die hond nou eers drie weke, maar ek het al baie aan hom gewoond geraak.

We've only had the dog for three weeks now, but I've already grown very accustomed to him.


platteland

English: platteland


manier

From Middle Dutch maniere, from Old French maniere.


skare

From Dutch schare, from Middle Dutch schare, from Old Dutch skara, from Proto-Germanic *skarō.


rower

head

rower (plural rowers, diminutive rowertjie)

From Dutch rover, from Middle Dutch rôvere. Equivalent to roof + -er.


fiets

Borrowed from Dutch fiets, of uncertain origin.


dief

From Dutch dief, from Middle Dutch dief, from Old Dutch *thiof, from Proto-Germanic *þeubaz.


omdat

From Dutch omdat. Equivalent to univerbation of om + dat.

Sy was laat, omdat die treine nie gery het nie.

She was late, because the trains weren't driving.


letterkunde

From Dutch letterkunde. Equivalent to letter + -kunde.


novelle

/ˌnʊə̯ˈfɛ.lə/

From Dutch novelle, either from Italian novella or French nouvelle, itself from Italian.


poot

From Dutch poot, from Middle Dutch pôte.


dra

af-verb

dra (present dra, present participle draende, past participle gedra)

dra (present)
draende (participle present)
gedra (participle past)

Fjodor is die eerste Russiese tsaar wat Westerse klere dra.

Fjodor is the first Russian tsar that wears western clothes.


politiek

From Dutch politiek, from French politique.


verstaan

verstaan (present verstaan, present participle verstanende or verstaande, past participle verstaan)

verstaan (present)
verstanende (participle present)
verstaande (participle present)
verstaan (participle past)

From Dutch verstaan, from Middle Dutch verstaen, from Old Dutch farstān, from Proto-Germanic *fura + *stāną.


-ere

From Dutch -eren. Compare also the more native Afrikaans -ers.

been (“leg; bone”) + -ere → beendere (“bones”)

gelid (“rank”) + -ere → geledere (“ranks”)

gemoed (“mind”) + -ere → gemoedere (“minds”)

goed (“good”) + -ere → goedere (“goods”)

lied (“song; hymn”) + -ere → liedere (“hymns”)

volk (“people”) + -ere → volkere (“peoples”)


muf

af-adj

muf (attributive muwwe, comparative muwwer, superlative mufste)

muwwe (attributive)
muwwer (comparative)
mufste (superlative)

From Dutch muf, from muffen, from Middle Dutch muffen.

stale, musty (having lost its freshness)


luister

af-verb

luister (present luister, present participle luisterende, past participle geluister)

luister (present)
luisterende (participle present)
geluister (participle past)

From Dutch luisteren, from Middle Dutch luusteren, from Old Dutch *lūsteron, from Proto-Germanic *hlūstrōną, frequentative of *hlūstaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”).


aktinium

From Dutch actinium, from French actinium, equivalent to aktin- + -ium.


nè

right? isn't it? (used to ask for confirmation that a statement is true)


tou

From Dutch touw, from Middle Dutch touwe, from Old Dutch *tou, from Proto-Germanic *tawwą.


plek

From Dutch plek, from Middle Dutch plecke, from Old Dutch *plekka (“mark, spot, place”), from Proto-Germanic *plakjō (“spot, stain”).


spreek

gespreek </b>or (adjectivally)<b> gesproke

spreek (present spreek, present participle sprekende, past participle gespreek or (adjectivally) gesproke)

spreek (present)
sprekende (participle present)
gespreek (participle past)
gesproke (participle past)


koop

koop (present koop, present participle kopende, past participle gekoop)

koop (present)
kopende (participle present)
gekoop (participle past)


aanbieding

head

aanbieding (plural aanbiedings or aanbiedinge (dated), diminutive aanbiedinkie)

aanbiedings (plural)
aanbiedinge (dated plural)
aanbiedinkie (diminutive)


belasting

belasting (plural belastings or belastinge (dated))

belastings (plural)
belastinge (dated plural)

From Dutch belasting, from Middle Dutch belastinge (“burden, accusation”).


daarna

From Dutch daarna, from Middle Dutch dâerna. Equivalent to daar + na.


eenvoudig

af-adj

eenvoudig (attributive eenvoudige, comparative eenvoudiger, superlative eenvoudigste)

eenvoudige (attributive)
eenvoudiger (comparative)
eenvoudigste (superlative)

/ˌɪə̯nˈfœu̯.dəχ/

From Dutch eenvoudig, from Middle Dutch êenvoudich. Equivalent to een (“one”) + -voudig (“fold”).


neul

af-verb

neul (present neul, present participle neulende, past participle geneul)

neul (present)
neulende (participle present)
geneul (participle past)

Maar hy bly neul oor stinkhout. Sê die bos moet oorgeplant word met stinkhout waar dit uitgekap is.

2003, Dalene Matthee, Toorbos, Tafelberg, page 104:

But he continues whining for black stinkwood. Says the forest has to be replanted with black stinkwood wherever it's been cut down.


begroting

head

begroting (plural begrotings or begrotinge (dated))

begrotings (plural)
begrotinge (dated plural)

/bəˈχrʊə̯.təŋ/

From Dutch begroting, from Middle Dutch begrotinge. Equivalent to begroot + -ing.


gesprek

From Dutch gesprek (“conversation”), from Middle Dutch gesprec (“speaking, speech”), from Old Dutch *gisprekki, from Proto-Germanic *gasprakją. Equivalent to ge- + spreek.


beweging

head

beweging (plural bewegings or beweginge (dated))

bewegings (plural)
beweginge (dated plural)


vreemdeling

vreemdeling (plural vreemdelinge, diminutive vreemdelinkie or vreemdelingetje)

vreemdelinge (plural)
vreemdelinkie (diminutive)
vreemdelingetje (diminutive)

/ˈfrɪə̯m.dəˌləŋ/

From Dutch vreemdeling, from German Fremdling. Equivalent to vreemd + -e- + -ling.

stranger (unfamiliar person hailing from elsewhere)


ministerie

From Dutch ministerie, from French ministère and influenced by Latin ministerium.

ministry (government department under the authority of a minister)


storie

storie (plural stories, diminutive storietjie)

stories (plural)
storietjie (diminutive)

Borrowed from English story. Doublet of histori.


donder

af-verb

donder (present donder, present participle donderende, past participle gedonder)

donder (present)
donderende (participle present)
gedonder (participle past)

Die ou verloor sy balaans en donder agteroor van sy stoel af.

The guy lost his balance and tumbled backwards off his chair.


bliksem

From Dutch bliksem, from Middle Dutch blexeme, from Old Dutch blikisni (“lightning bolts”), ultimately from a Proto-Germanic derivation of Proto-Indo-European *bʰleyǵ-.


bliksem

head

bliksem (plural bliksems, diminutive bliksempie)

bliksems (plural)
bliksempie (diminutive)


bliksem

af-verb

bliksem (present bliksem, present participle bliksemende, past participle gebliksem)

bliksem (present)
bliksemende (participle present)
gebliksem (participle past)

Ek sal jou bliksem!


vlei

vlei (present vlei, present participle vleiende, past participle gevlei)

vlei (present)
vleiende (participle present)
gevlei (participle past)


proses

From Dutch proces, from Middle Dutch proces, from Old French procés (“journey”), from Latin processus, past participle of procedo.


grondslag

From Dutch grondslag. Equivalent to grond + slag.


brandweer

From Dutch brandweer, from German Feuerwehr. Equivalent to brand (“fire”) + weer (“defence”).


voorkom

voorkom (present kom voor, present participle voorkomende, past participle voorgekom)

kom voor (present)
voorkomende (participle present)
voorgekom (participle past)


voorkom

voorkom (present voorkom, present participle voorkomende, past participle voorkom)

voorkom (present)
voorkomende (participle present)
voorkom (participle past)


visser

From Dutch visser, from Middle Dutch vischer, visscher, from Old Dutch *fiskar, from Proto-Germanic *fiskārijaz. Equivalent to vis + -er.


slaat

slaat (present slaat, present participle slatende, past participle geslaat)

slaat (present)
slatende (participle present)
geslaat (participle past)

From Dutch slaat, third-person singular present of slaan, whence Afrikaans slaan.


mee

From Dutch mee, from older mede with the frequent loss of intervocalic -d-.


magie

From Dutch magie, from French magie, from Middle French magie, from Latin magīa, from Ancient Greek μαγεία (mageía). The stress difference with Dutch might be due to English influence (magic) or influence from derived terms such as magies.


asma

From Dutch astma, from Latin āsthma, from Ancient Greek ἆσθμα (âsthma).


baar

baar (present baar, present participle barende, past participle gebaar)

baar (present)
barende (participle present)
gebaar (participle past)

From Dutch baren, from Middle Dutch baren, beren, from Old Dutch beran, baran, from Proto-Germanic *beraną. Cognate with German gebären, English to bear.


baar

From Dutch baar, from Middle Dutch bâre, from Old Dutch *bāra, from Proto-Germanic *bērō, derived from etymology 1. Cognate with German Bahre, English bier.


baar

From Dutch baar, from Middle Dutch bâre. Possibly identical with etymology 2.


baar

From Dutch baar, from Middle Dutch bare, from Old French barre. Cognate with German Barren, English bar.


baar

af-adj

baar (attributive bare, comparative baarder, superlative baarste)

bare (attributive)
baarder (comparative)
baarste (superlative)

From Malay baru (“new”), in part directly, in part through the Dutch nominalisation baar (“newcomer”).


slaap

From Dutch slaap, from Middle Dutch slâep, from Old Dutch *slāp, from Proto-West Germanic *slāp.


slaap

af-verb

slaap (present slaap, present participle slapende, past participle geslaap)

slaap (present)
slapende (participle present)
geslaap (participle past)


kwaad

af-adj

kwaad (attributive kwaai, comparative kwaaier or kwater, superlative kwaadste)

kwaai (attributive)
kwaaier (comparative)
kwater (comparative)
kwaadste (superlative)
kwaad (positive predicative)
kwaai (attributive positive)
{{{indep}}} (attributive independent positive singular)
{{{indep}}}s (attributive independent plural positive)
kwaads (partitive positive)
kwaaier (attributive comparative predicative)
kwaaiere (attributive comparative independent singular)
kwaaieres (attributive comparative independent plural)
kwaaiers (comparative partitive)
kwaadste (attributive predicative superlative)
kwaadste (singular superlative)
kwaadstes (attributive independent plural superlative)

From Dutch kwaad, from Middle Dutch quaet, from Old Dutch *kwāt, from Proto-West Germanic *kwād.


sfeer

head

sfeer (plural sfere, diminutive sfeertjie)


fabriek

fabriek (plural fabrieke, diminutive fabriekie)

fabrieke (plural)
fabriekie (diminutive)

→ Sotho: faboriki

From Dutch fabriek, from Latin fabrica or French fabrique.


kandidaat

From Dutch kandidaat, from French candidat, from Latin candidātus.


advies

From Dutch advies, from Middle Dutch avijs, from Old French avis.


sluit

af-verb

sluit (present sluit, present participle sluitende, past participle gesluit)

sluit (present)
sluitende (participle present)
gesluit (participle past)

From Dutch sluiten, from Middle Dutch sluten, from Old Dutch *slūtan, from Proto-Germanic *slūtaną, *sleutaną (“to lock, shut”).


klant

From Dutch klant, from Middle Dutch calant (“person, friend”), from Old Northern French calant (compare regular Old French chalant), from Old French chaloir (“to heat, to care about”), from Latin calēre (“to be hot”).


inhoud

From Dutch inhoud, from Middle Dutch inhout. Equivalent to a deverbal from inhou.


bekend

af-adj

bekend (attributive bekende, comparative bekender, superlative bekendste)

bekende (attributive)
bekender (comparative)
bekendste (superlative)

From Dutch bekend, from Middle Dutch bekent.


moord

From Dutch moord, from Middle Dutch mort, from Old Dutch morth, from Proto-Germanic *murþą, from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”).


uitspraak

From Dutch uitspraak, from Middle Dutch utesprâke.


spraak

From Dutch spraak, from Middle Dutch sprâke, from Old Dutch *sprāka, from Proto-West Germanic *sprākkijā, *sprāku.

hy het sy spraak verloor

breinskade kan spraak aantas

hierdie is tipies van die Kaapse spraak

(uncountable) speech; parlance (act and manner of speaking)

ons het gesukkel om spraak en geraas van mekaar te skei

we struggled to separate speech and noise from each other

(uncountable) utterance, discourse, speech


waterval

head

waterval (plural watervalle, diminutive watervalletjie)

watervalle (plural)
watervalletjie (diminutive)

From Dutch waterval. Equivalent to water + val.


reptiel

reptiel (plural reptiele, diminutive reptieltjie)

reptiele (plural)
reptieltjie (diminutive)

From Dutch reptiel, from French reptile, from Middle French reptile, from Old French reptile, from Late Latin rēptile, neuter of reptilis (“creeping”).

reptile, any member of the class Reptilia


praat

af-verb

praat (present praat, present participle pratende, past participle gepraat)

praat (present)
pratende (participle present)
gepraat (participle past)

From Dutch praten, from Middle Dutch praten.

Praat julle albei Duits?

Kan jy praat?


aanbieder

head

aanbieder (plural aanbieders, diminutive aanbiedertjie)

aanbieders (plural)
aanbiedertjie (diminutive)


kunstenaar

kunstenaar (plural kunstenaars or kunstenare)

kunstenaars (plural)
kunstenare (plural)


eer

From Dutch eer, from Middle Dutch ere, from Old Dutch ēra, from Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aizō.


vlak

af-adj

vlak (attributive vlak, comparative vlaker, superlative vlakste)

vlak (attributive)
vlaker (comparative)
vlakste (superlative)

From Dutch vlak, from Middle Dutch vlac, from Old Dutch *flak, from Proto-Germanic *flakaz.


vlak

(figurative) domain, area, sphere of interest


bedoeling

head

bedoeling (plural bedoelings or bedoelinge (dated))

bedoelings (plural)
bedoelinge (dated plural)

From Dutch bedoeling. Equivalent to bedoel + -ing.


pan

From Dutch pan, from Middle Dutch panne, from Old Dutch *panna, from Latin panna, contraction of patina. The sense “lake, pond” is likely borrowed from or influenced by English pan.


heer

From Dutch heer, from Middle Dutch hêre, from Old Dutch hērro, hēro, from Old High German hēriro, hērro, the comparative form of hēr (“noble, venerable”).


heer

From Dutch heer, from Middle Dutch here, from Old Dutch heri, from Proto-West Germanic *hari, from Proto-Germanic *harjaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kóryos.


Port Louis

Port Louis (the capital city of Mauritius)


koek

→ Sotho: kuku


herinnering

herinnering (plural herinnerings or herinneringe (dated), diminutive herinnerinkie)

herinnerings (plural)
herinneringe (dated plural)
herinnerinkie (diminutive)

/ˌɦɛˈrən(ə).rəŋ/

/ˌɦɛrˈən(ə).rəŋ/

From Dutch herinnering. Equivalent to herinner (“to remember”) + -ing (“-ation”).


uitgaan

af-verb

uitgaan (present gaan uit, present participle uitgaande, past participle uitgegaan)

gaan uit (present)
uitgaande (participle present)
uitgegaan (participle past)

From Dutch uitgaan, from Middle Dutch ûtegâen, from Old Dutch ūtgān.


daad

From Dutch daad, from Old Dutch *dād, from Proto-Germanic *dēdiz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁tis.


gewild

af-adj

gewild (attributive gewilde, comparative gewilder, superlative gewildste)

gewilde (attributive)
gewilder (comparative)
gewildste (superlative)


omstandigheid

From Dutch omstandigheid, from French circonstance or Latin circumstantia. Equivalent to om + stand + -ig + -heid.


-ief

Inherited from Dutch -ief, from French -if.


tsaar

From Dutch tsaar, from Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.


gehoor

head

gehoor (plural gehore, diminutive gehoortjie)

(uncountable) hearing (the ability to hear)


getal

getal (plural getalle, diminutive getalletjie)

getalle (plural)
getalletjie (diminutive)


Afghaans

af-adj

Afghaans (attributive Afghaanse, not comparable)

Afghan (of, from, or pertaining to Afghanistan or the Afghan people)


wond

From Dutch wond, from Middle Dutch wonde, wunde, from Old Dutch wunda, from Proto-Germanic *wundō.


missie

From Dutch missie, from French mission, Old French mission, from Latin missiō. Cognate to Indonesian misi.


kamp

From Dutch kamp, from Middle French camp, from Latin campus (“open space; field”).


kamp

af-verb

kamp (present kamp, present participle kampende, past participle gekamp)

kamp (present)
kampende (participle present)
gekamp (participle past)

From Dutch kampen, from Middle Dutch kempen.

(intransitive) to suffer (from a problem), to deal with


ontploffing

head

ontploffing (plural ontploffings or ontploffinge (dated), diminutive ontploffinkie)

ontploffings (plural)
ontploffinge (dated plural)
ontploffinkie (diminutive)

From Dutch ontploffing. Equivalent to ontplof + -ing.


buik

From Dutch buik, from Middle Dutch buuc, from Old Dutch būc, from Proto-Germanic *būkaz.


hospitaal

From Dutch hospitaal, from Middle Dutch hospitael, Old French hospital, from Latin hospitālis.


halogeen

(chemistry) halogen (any element of group 17 of the periodic table)


verveling

/fərˈfɪə̯.ləŋ/

From Dutch verveling. Equivalent to verveel + -ing.


vangs

catch, haul (that which has been caught)


vleis

From dialectal Dutch vleis (standard vlees), from Middle Dutch vleisch, vlêesch, from Old Dutch fleisc, flēsc, from Proto-West Germanic *flaiski.


loopbaan

From Dutch loopbaan. Compound of loop + baan.


lastig

af-adj

lastig (attributive lastige, comparative lastiger, superlative lastigste)

lastige (attributive)
lastiger (comparative)
lastigste (superlative)

From Dutch lastig, from Middle Dutch lastich. Equivalent to las + -ig.


uitdrukking

head

uitdrukking (plural uitdrukkings or uitdrukkinge (dated))

uitdrukkings (plural)
uitdrukkinge (dated plural)

From Dutch uitdrukking, from Middle Dutch utedrukkinge. Equivalent to uitdruk + -ing.


graad

graad (plural grade, diminutive graadjie)

From Dutch graad, from Middle Dutch graet, from Latin gradus.

degree, stage of qualification or proficiency in a course of study

(physics) degree, unit of measurement of temperature

(mathematics) degree, order of a polynomial


vlam

vlam (plural vlamme, diminutive vlammetjie)

From Dutch vlam, from Middle Dutch vlamme, from Old Dutch flamma, from Old French flamme, from Latin flamma.

(informal, metonymically) love interest, partner


walvis

walvis (plural walvisse, diminutive walvissie)

walvisse (plural)
walvissie (diminutive)

From Dutch walvis, from Middle Dutch walvisch, from Old Dutch walvisk, a compound of *wal (“whale”) + fisk (“fish”), presumably to clarify the meaning.


ruit

From Dutch ruit, from Middle Dutch rute.

(geometry) The shape rhombus, an equilateral parallelogram

A glass panel (as) in a window; hence, the whole window


meetkunde

From Dutch meetkunde. Equivalent to meet + -kunde.


buffel

From Dutch buffel (“buffalo”), from Middle Dutch buffel, from Old French buffle, from Italian bufalo (archaic buffalo), from Latin bubalus, from Ancient Greek βούβαλος (boúbalos).


kameel

From Dutch kameel, from Middle Dutch camêel, from Latin camēlus, from Ancient Greek κάμηλος (kámēlos), from a Semitic language.


krokodil

From Dutch krokodil, from Middle Dutch crocodil, from Latin crocodīlus, from Ancient Greek κροκόδειλος (krokódeilos).


loper

loper (plural lopers, diminutive lopertjie)

From Dutch loper (“walker, runner, messenger, bishop (chess piece), carpet, master key, offshoot”), from Middle Dutch lopere (“runner, messenger, walker”). Equivalent to loop + -er.

inh

(chess) bishop; chess piece that moves diagonally

(archaic) runner; someone who runs or moves quickly

(historical) messenger, that delivers messages by foot

(botany) shoot or sprout that forms at the end of roots from which new shoots or sprouts develop

(botany, uncommon) tendrils of creepers and vines used for support


kleinkind

head

kleinkind (plural kleinkinders, diminutive kleinkindjie)

kleinkinders (plural)
kleinkindjie (diminutive)

From Dutch kleinkind. Equivalent to klein + kind.


agoeti

agoeti (plural agoeti's, diminutive agoeti'tjie)

agoeti's (plural)
agoeti'tjie (diminutive)

From Dutch agoeti, from French agouti or Spanish agutí, both from Old Tupi akuti.


kokkewiet

A southern African bird Telophorus zeylonus: a bokmakierie, a predominantly yellow and green shrike with a loud, musical, antiphonal song. A narrow black stripe extends from the eye and the base of the beak as a collar across the throat; the breast is a brilliant yellow. The back is a slightly olive green, the head grey.


-sel

From Dutch -sel, from Middle Dutch -sel, from Old Dutch -isli, from Proto-West Germanic *-islī.

-age, -ion; Creates nouns from verbs indicating something which performs or has undergone an action or is the result of the action.


verhouding

verhouding (plural verhoudings or verhoudinge, diminutive verhoudinkie)

verhoudings (plural)
verhoudinge (plural)
verhoudinkie (diminutive)

/fərˈɦœu̯.dəŋ/

From Dutch verhouding, often considered a calque of German Verhältnis.


mang

af-verb

mang (present mang, present participle mangende, past participle gemang)

mang (present)
mangende (participle present)
gemang (participle past)

(Cape Afrikaans, intransitive) to be in prison, to do time


besluit

besluit (present besluit, present participle besluitende, past participle besluit)

besluit (present)
besluitende (participle present)
besluit (participle past)

From Dutch besluiten (verb) and besluit (noun).


ont-

From Dutch ont-, from Middle Dutch ont-, from Old Dutch ant-, from Proto-Germanic *andi-, *anda-, *and-.

un-, de-; forms verbs meaning to negate, remove or separate.


ont-

From Dutch ont-, from Middle Dutch ont-, from Old Dutch int-, from Proto-Germanic *in-.

Forms inchoative verbs, indicating that a process is beginning.


onweer

From Dutch onweer, from Middle Dutch onweder, from Old Dutch *unwedar, from Proto-Germanic *unwedrą. Equivalent to on- + weer (literally “unweather”).


Antananarivo

Antananarivo (the capital city of Madagascar)


amper

Inconclusive. Whilst its current definition was long thought to have come from Indonesian hampir due to its exclusive presence in Dutch (and no other Germanic language), this would not explain its high and almost universal usage in Flemish. More likely would be if it originated on Dutch soil. In that case, the meaning would have changed somewhat from the earlier Middle Dutch amper (“sour”) – compare the semantic development of German sehr (“very”), Alemannic German rüüdig (“very”). This word, in turn, is Germanic, and a cognate to the Swedish amper, German Ampfer.

Jouself amper gekak!


verloor

verloor (present verloor, present participle (rare) verlorende, past participle verloor)

verloor (present)
verlorende (participle present rare)
verloor (participle past)

From Dutch verloren, past participle of verliezen. Afrikaans verb stems are usually derived from Dutch infinitives, but occasionally from other forms. In this case, the past participle is due to the fact that one speaks more often about something one has lost than something one is about to lose. Compare to this the Swedish verb förlora, which was similarly borrowed from the Middle Low German past participle rather than the present or infinitive. Also compare this to the English adjective forlorn, the past participle of the obsolete verb forlese.

Moenie jou sleutel verloor nie!


bedel

bedel (present bedel, present participle bedelende, past participle gebedel)

bedel (present)
bedelende (participle present)
gebedel (participle past)


baai

head

baai (plural baaie, diminutive baaitjie)

From Dutch baai, from Middle French baie.


baai

af-verb

baai (present baai, present participle baaiende, past participle gebaai)

baai (present)
baaiende (participle present)
gebaai (participle past)

From Dutch baaien, dialectal form of baden, from Middle Dutch bāden, from Old Dutch bathon, from Proto-Germanic *baþōną.


kraai

From Dutch kraai, from Middle Dutch crâye, from Old Dutch *krāia, from Proto-Germanic *krēǭ.


kraai

kraai (present kraai, present participle kraaiende, past participle gekraai)

kraai (present)
kraaiende (participle present)
gekraai (participle past)


capriccio

Either from Dutch capriccio or from English capriccio, ultimately from Italian capriccio.


Skotland

Inherited from Dutch Schotland, equivalent to Skot + land.


pols

From Dutch pols, from Middle Dutch pols, from Latin pulsus.


biologie

From Dutch biologie, from German Biologie.


ratel

→ Catalan: ratel

→ English: ratel
→ Italian: ratelo

A shortening of Dutch rateldas, formed (in South Africa) from (dialectal) ratel (“honeycomb”) + das (“badger”).


beek

From Dutch beek, from Middle Dutch bēke, from Old Dutch beki, from Proto-Germanic *bakiz.


stikstof

From Dutch stikstof, from stikken (“to suffocate”) + stof (“matter”), referring to the fact that an animal placed on pure nitrogen suffocates.


stok

head

stok (plural stokke, diminutive stokkie)

From Dutch stok, from Middle Dutch stoc, from Old Dutch stok, from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz.

Die kinders stut hul bouwerk met stokke.

The children support the construction they have built with sticks.

stick, whether natural (made of wood) or artificial


ê

af-verb

ê (present ê, present participle êende, past participle geê)

ê (present)
êende (participle present)
geê (participle past)


brander

breaker (wave near the shore or a shallow area)


Djakarta

Jakarta (a province and capital city of Indonesia)


narwal

Monodon monoceros
Monodon monoceros#Translingual


misdaad

From Dutch misdaad, from Middle Dutch misdaet, from Old Dutch *misdād (“misdeed”), from Proto-Germanic *missadēdiz.


boei

head

boei (plural boeie, diminutive boeitjie)


rou

af-adj

rou (attributive rou, comparative rouer, superlative rouste)

rou (attributive)
rouer (comparative)
rouste (superlative)


rou

af-verb

rou (present rou, present participle rouende, past participle gerou)

rou (present)
rouende (participle present)
gerou (participle past)


mou

From Dutch mouw, from Middle Dutch mouwe, from Old Dutch *mouwa, *mōwa, from Frankish *mauwa, from Proto-Germanic *mawwō.


kompas

From Dutch kompas, from Middle Dutch compas (“circle, pair of compasses, compass”), from Old French compas.


krans

From Dutch krans, from Middle Dutch crans, from Middle High German kranz, from Old High German kranz.


Palikir

Federated States of Micronesia
Federated States of Micronesia#English

Palikir (the capital city of the Federated States of Micronesia)


Nouakchott

Nouakchott (the capital city of Mauritania)


Nuku'alofa

From Tongan Nukuʻalofa (literally “abode of love”).


klem

af-verb

klem (present klem, present participle klemmende, past participle geklem)

klem (present)
klemmende (participle present)
geklem (participle past)

From Dutch klemmen, from Middle Dutch clemmen, from Old Dutch *klemmen, from Proto-Germanic *klammjan.


klem

head

klem (plural klemme, diminutive klemmetjie)

From Dutch klem, from Middle Dutch clemme.


seg

af-verb

seg (present seg, present participle seggende, past participle geseg)

seg (present)
seggende (participle present)
geseg (participle past)


anatomie

From Dutch anatomie, from Middle Dutch anatomye, from Latin anatomia, from Ancient Greek *ἀνατομία (*anatomía).


duik

duik (present duik, present participle duikende, past participle geduik)

duik (present)
duikende (participle present)
geduik (participle past)

From Dutch duiken, from Middle Dutch duken, from Old Dutch *dūcan, from Proto-West Germanic *dūkan, from Proto-Germanic *dūkaną.


duik

From Dutch duik. Equivalent to a deverbal from etymology 1.


hom

Ek sien hom nie.

third-person singular object pronoun
him (referring to a male person)

Sy het my die boek gegee, maar ek het hom nog nie gelees nie.

She gave me the book, but I haven’t read it yet.

third-person singular object pronoun
it (referring to a non-personal noun)


Numeri

(biblical) Numbers; the biblical book, Numbers


Saterdag

From Dutch zaterdag, from Middle Dutch saterdach, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Proto-West Germanic *Sāturnas dag, partial calque of Latin dies Saturni.


smid

From Dutch smid, from Middle Dutch smit, from Old Dutch *smith, from Proto-Germanic *smiþaz.


oubaas

head

oubaas (plural oubase, diminutive oubasie)


kleinbaas

/ˈkləɪ̯nˌbɑːs/


papegaai

papegaai (plural papegaaie, diminutive papegaaitjie)

papegaaie (plural)
papegaaitjie (diminutive)

From Dutch papegaai, from Middle Dutch papegay, from Old French papegai, ultimately from Arabic ببغاء, of onomatopoeic origin.

(figuratively) a person who parrots, or repeats uncritically, the words of others


etimologie

(uncountable) etymology (field of study)


faktor

factor (constituent contributing to a result or state)

factor (scalar variable or number that is multiplied)


antenne

From Dutch antenne, from French antenne, possibly from Italian antenna, from Latin antenna.


industrie

From Dutch industrie, from Middle French industrie, from Latin industria.


dinastie

dinastie (plural dinastieë or dinasties)

From Dutch dynastie, from French dynastie, from Middle French dynastie, from Late Latin dynastia, from Ancient Greek δυναστεία (dunasteía, “power, dominion”).


veras

af-verb

veras (present veras, present participle verassende, past participle veras)

veras (present)
verassende (participle present)
veras (participle past)

From Dutch verassen. Equivalent to ver- + as.


veras

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


sodat

From Dutch zodat, from Middle Dutch sodat. Equivalent to so + dat.


polities

af-adj

polities (attributive politiese, not comparable)


buit

From Dutch buit, from Middle Low German büte.


melodie

head

melodie (plural melodieë, diminutive melodietjie)

melodieë (plural)
melodietjie (diminutive)

From Dutch melodie, from Middle Dutch melodie, from Old French melodie, from Latin melōdia.


bediende

From Dutch bediende, from German Bedienter.


toestel

toestel (plural toestelle, diminutive toestelletjie)

toestelle (plural)
toestelletjie (diminutive)


de Klerk

English: de Klerk


Fins

af-adj

Fins (attributive Finse, not comparable)

Inherited from Dutch Fins, equivalent to Fin + -s.

Finnish (of, from, or pertaining to Finland, the Finnish people or the Finnish language)


Fins

Finnish (the language spoken by the Finnish people)


Grieks

Grieks (attributive Griekse, not comparable)

Inherited from Dutch Grieks, equivalent to Griek + -s.

Greek; Grecian (of, from, or pertaining to Greece, the Greeks or the Greek language)


Hongaars

Hongaars (attributive Hongaarse, not comparable)

Hungarian (of, from, or pertaining to Hungary, the Hungarian people or the Hungarian language)


Iers

Iers (attributive Ierse, not comparable)

Inherited from Dutch Iers, equivalent to Ier + -s.

Irish (of, from, or pertaining to Ireland, the Irish people or the Irish language)


Deens

Deens (attributive Deense, not comparable)

Inherited from Dutch Deens, equivalent to Deen + -s.

Danish (of, from, or pertaining to Denmark, the Danes or the Danish language)


Deens

Danish (the language spoken by the Danes)


Bulgaars

Bulgaars (attributive Bulgaarse, not comparable)

Inherited from Dutch Bulgaars, equivalent to Bulgaar + -s.

Bulgarian (of, from, or pertaining to Bulgaria, the Bulgarian people or the Bulgarian language)


Bulgaars

Bulgarian (the language spoken by the Bulgarian people)


Lets

Lets (attributive Letse, not comparable)

Inherited from Dutch Lets, equivalent to Let + -s.


Maltees

Maltees (attributive Maltese, not comparable)

Maltese (of, from, or pertaining to Malta, the Maltese people or the Maltese language)


Maltees

head

Maltees (plural Maltese, diminutive Maltesie)

Maltese; Maltese poodle (small breed of dog)

Maltese (person from Malta or of Maltese descent)


Portugees

af-adj

Portugees (attributive Portugese, not comparable)

Portuguese (of, from, or pertaining to Portugal, the Portuguese people or the Portuguese language)


Portugees

head

Portugees (plural Portugese, diminutive Portugesie)

Portugese (plural)
Portugesie (diminutive)

Portuguese (person from Portugal or of Portuguese descent)


Roemeens

af-adj

Roemeens (attributive Roemeense, not comparable)

Inherited from Dutch Roemeens, equivalent to Roemeen + -s.

Romanian (of, from, or pertaining to Romania, the Romanian people or the Romanian language)


Slowaaks

Slowaaks (attributive Slowaakse, not comparable)

Slovak, Slovakian (of, from, or pertaining to Slovakia, the Slovak people or the Slovak language)


sirkus

circus (company of performers; place where this company performs)


Wellingtons

Wellingtons (attributive Wellingtonse, not comparable)

of, from, or pertaining to any place named Wellington or their inhabitants


Brits

Brits (attributive Britse, not comparable)

Inherited from Dutch Brits, equivalent to Brit + -s.

British (of, from, or pertaining to the United Kingdom, the British Isles, the British Commonwealth or the British people)


Brits

Named after a train station of the same name, which was named after South African Johannes Nicolaas Brits.

named-after

Brits (a town in North West, South Africa)


diepte

Uit die diepte van my hart!

2008, “Uit Die Diepte Van My Hart”, in Uit Die Diepte Van My Hart, performed by Kurt Darren, South Africa: Select Musiek:


Rus

Russian (person from Russia or of Russian descent)


graaf

head

graaf (plural grawe, diminutive grafie, feminine gravin)

grawe (plural)
grafie (diminutive)
gravin (feminine)


moet

From Dutch moeten, from Middle Dutch moeten, from Old Dutch muotan, from Proto-Germanic *mōtaną. The noun sense is a calque of English must.


moet

(Cape Afrikaans) Alternative form of met


dosis

From Dutch dosis, from Late Latin dosis, from Ancient Greek δόσις (dósis, “a portion prescribed”, literally “a giving”), from Proto-Hellenic *dótis, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃tis.


volledig

af-adj

volledig (attributive volledig, comparative vollediger, superlative volledigste)

volledig (attributive)
vollediger (comparative)
volledigste (superlative)


vurk

→? Sotho: fereko

→ Xhosa: ifolokhwe

From Dutch vork, from Middle Dutch vorke, from Old Dutch furka, from Proto-West Germanic *furkō, from Latin furca.


mert

Borrowed from English mert, shortened from merchant.


betekenis

From Dutch betekenis, from Middle Dutch betêkenesse.


ooglid

From Dutch ooglid, from Middle Dutch ôgelit. Equivalent to oog (“eye”) + lid (“cover, lid”).


vloek

From Dutch vloek, from Middle Dutch vloec, from Old Dutch fluok.


vloek

af-verb

vloek (present vloek, present participle vloekende, past participle gevloek)

vloek (present)
vloekende (participle present)
gevloek (participle past)

From Dutch vloeken, from Middle Dutch vloeken, from Old Dutch fluokon.


klei

From Dutch klei, from Middle Dutch cleie, from Old Dutch *klei, from Proto-Germanic *klajjaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gley- (“to glue, stick together”).


drol

head

drol (plural drolle, diminutive drolletjie)


verslaan

af-verb

verslaan (present verslaan, present participle verslaande, past participle verslaan)

verslaan (present)
verslaande (participle present)
verslaan (participle past)


kolonel

/ˌkʊə̯.lʊə̯ˈnɛl/

From Dutch kolonel, from Middle French coronel, from Italian colonnello.


kak

kak (present kak, present participle kakkende, past participle gekak)

kak (present)
kakkende (participle present)
gekak (participle past)

From Dutch kakken (verb), from Middle Dutch cacken, and kak (noun), from Middle Dutch cac.


takbok

From tak (“branch, twig”) + bok (“buck; antelope”).

com

'n Platskietroer vir vlaktes en duine. En lyk dit my, vir die berge in die Alpe waar die takbokke en goed doer in die oneindigheid ver staan.

2007, Pienkes Du Plessis, Die perdekombers en ander stories uit die jagveld, Human & Rousseau, page 114:

Soos ene takbok wat smag na water


skoenlapper

head

skoenlapper (plural skoenlappers, diminutive skoenlappertjie)

skoenlappers (plural)
skoenlappertjie (diminutive)


vlinder

vlinder (plural vlinders, diminutive vlindertjie)

vlinders (plural)
vlindertjie (diminutive)


Maandag

Maandag (plural Maandae, diminutive Maandaggie)

Maandae (plural)
Maandaggie (diminutive)

Ek sal nie Maandag by die huis wees nie.


onbekend

af-adj

onbekend (attributive onbekende, comparative onbekender, superlative onbekendste)

onbekende (attributive)
onbekender (comparative)
onbekendste (superlative)

From Dutch onbekend, from Middle Dutch onbekent. Equivalent to on- + bekend.


vlooi

head

vlooi (plural vlooie, diminutive vlooitjie)

From dialectal Dutch vlooi, a backformation from vlooien, plural of vlo.


besef

af-verb

besef (present besef, present participle beseffende, past participle besef)

besef (present)
beseffende (participle present)
besef (participle past)


oes

From Southern Dutch oest (Flemish and Zeelandic form of oogst), from Middle Dutch oest, from Old French aoust, from Latin augustus.


wyn

From Dutch wijn, from Middle Dutch wijn, from Old Dutch wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn, from Latin vīnum.


duisternis

From Dutch duisternis, from Middle Dutch duusternesse, from Old Dutch thiusternussi. Equivalent to duister + -nis.


vaar

vaar (present vaar, present participle varende, past participle gevaar)

vaar (present)
varende (participle present)
gevaar (participle past)

Die leerders vaar uitstekend in die plaaslike kompetisie.

The learners are faring extremely well in the local competition.


noord

From Dutch noord, from Middle Dutch nort, from Old Dutch *nord, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą.


vaartuig

head

vaartuig (plural vaartuie, diminutive vaartuigie)

vaartuie (plural)
vaartuigie (diminutive)

From Dutch vaartuig. Equivalent to vaar + tuig.


aanvraag

/ˈɑːn.frɑːχ/


aanvraag

af-verb

aanvraag (present vraag aan, present participle aanvraende, past participle aangevraag)

vraag aan (present)
aanvraende (participle present)
aangevraag (participle past)

/ˈɑːn.frɑːχ/


ontsteking

head

ontsteking (plural ontstekings or ontstekinge (dated))

ontstekings (plural)
ontstekinge (dated plural)

/ˌɔntˈstɪə̯.kəŋ/

From Dutch ontsteking, from Middle Dutch ontstekinge. Equivalent to ontsteek + -ing.


snik

af-verb

snik (present snik, present participle snikkende, past participle gesnik)

snik (present)
snikkende (participle present)
gesnik (participle past)

From Dutch snikken, from Middle Dutch snicken (“to sob; gasp for breath”).


snik

From Dutch snik, from Middle Dutch snic. Equivalent to a deverbal from etymology 1.


staking

head

staking (plural stakings, diminutive stakinkie)

stakings (plural)
stakinkie (diminutive)

From Dutch staking. Equivalent to staak + -ing.

Daar is stakings in die mynbougebiede.

There are strikes in the mining regions.


flikker

af-verb

flikker (present flikker, present participle flikkerende, past participle geflikker)

flikker (present)
flikkerende (participle present)
geflikker (participle past)


wortel

From Dutch wortel, from Middle Dutch wortele, from Old Dutch *wurtala, from Proto-Germanic *wurt- (“root”) + *waluz (“stick”).

(mathematics) root, square root (if no power is specified, it is assumed to be 2)


watter

Contraction of wat vir, from Dutch wat voor (“what a, what kind of”).

Watter boeke lees jy?

Watter huis het hulle gekoop?


Jannie

a male given name: diminutive of Jan, Johan


stert

head

stert (plural sterte, diminutive stertjie)

From dialectal Dutch stert, variant of staart, from Middle Dutch stert.


Frederik

a male given name, equivalent to English Frederic


mummie

From Dutch mummie, from Middle French mommie, from Latin mumia, from Arabic مُومِيَاء (mūmiyāʔ).

der

Arabic مُومِيَاء (mūmiyāʔ)


hoer

From Middle Dutch hoere, hoer, from Old Dutch *huora, from Proto-Germanic *hōrǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ros (“dear, loved”). Cognate with German Hure, English whore, Danish hore.


waterstof

From Dutch waterstof. Equivalent to water + stof.


verdrag

From Dutch verdrag, from Middle Dutch verdrach.


eed

From Dutch eed, from Old Dutch *ēth, from Proto-Germanic *aiþaz, from Proto-Indo-European *oyt-.


klinker

head

klinker (plural klinkers, diminutive klinkertjie)

klinkers (plural)
klinkertjie (diminutive)


geleerde

/χəˈlɪə̯r.də/

academic or otherwise learned expert; scholar, scientist


geleerde

/χəˈlɪə̯r.də/


hys

af-verb

hys (present hys, present participle hysende, past participle gehys)

hys (present)
hysende (participle present)
gehys (participle past)

From Dutch hijsen, from Middle Dutch hisen.


hys

(Cape Afrikaans) Alternative form of huis


bul

head

bul (plural bulle, diminutive bulletjie)

From Dutch bul, from Middle Dutch bulle, from Old Dutch *bullo, from Proto-Germanic *bulô. Cognate with English bull.

(colloquial) a supporter of the Blue Bulls, a South African rugby team


Damaskus

Inherited from Dutch Damascus, from Middle Dutch damascus, from Latin Damascus, from Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from a Semitic language.


Indonesiër

Indonesiër (plural Indonesiërs, diminutive Indonesiërtjie)

Indonesiërs (plural)
Indonesiërtjie (diminutive)

Indonesian (person from Indonesia or of Indonesian descent)


baie dankie

/ˈbɑi̯ə ˈdɑŋki/


veiling

veiling (plural veilings or veilinge (dated))

veilings (plural)
veilinge (dated plural)

From Dutch veiling, from Middle Dutch veilinge. Equivalent to veil + -ing.


suur

af-adj

suur (attributive suur, comparative suurder, superlative suurste)

suur (attributive)
suurder (comparative)
suurste (superlative)
suur (attributive positive predicative)
sure (attributive independent positive singular)
sures (attributive independent plural positive)
suurs (partitive positive)
suurder (attributive comparative predicative)
suurdere (attributive comparative independent singular)
suurderes (attributive comparative independent plural)
suurders (comparative partitive)
suurste (attributive predicative superlative)
suurste (singular superlative)
suurstes (attributive independent plural superlative)

From Dutch zuur, from Middle Dutch suur, from Old Dutch sūr, from Proto-West Germanic *sūr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *súHros.


vulkaan

From Dutch vulkaan, from Middle Dutch vulcaen, from Latin Vulcānus.


maak

af-verb

maak (present maak, present participle makende, past participle gemaak)

maak (present)
makende (participle present)
gemaak (participle past)

From Dutch maken, from Middle Dutch maken, from Old Dutch macon, from Proto-West Germanic *makōn.


onnodig

af-adj

onnodig (attributive onnodige, comparative onnodiger, superlative onnodigste)

onnodige (attributive)
onnodiger (comparative)
onnodigste (superlative)

/ɔˈnʊə̯.dəx/

From Dutch onnodig. Equivalent to on- + nodig.


betoon

af-verb

betoon (present betoon, present participle betoonende, past participle gebetoon)

betoon (present)
betoonende (participle present)
gebetoon (participle past)

From Dutch betonen, from Middle Dutch betonen. Equivalent to be- + toon.


stroop

→ Sotho: seturupu

syrup, especially a viscous type of syrup


Kazakstan

Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe; capital: Astana)


Rudi

a diminutive of the male given name Rudolf, equivalent to English Rudy


feniks

(figuratively) a unique person; rara avis

(figuratively) a replacement for something that has been destroyed or perished somehow, especially by fire


spruit

head

spruit (plural spruite, diminutive spruitjie)

From Dutch spruit, from Middle Dutch sprute. Cognate with English sprite, sprout.

(geography) stream or small river; river branch


vuil

af-adj

vuil (attributive vuil or (seldom) vuile, comparative vuiler, superlative vuilste)

vuil (attributive)
vuile (attributive)
vuiler (comparative)
vuilste (superlative)

From Dutch vuil, from Middle Dutch vuul, from Old Dutch *fūl, from Proto-Germanic *fūlaz.

Deur die vuil venster kon ek niks sien nie.

I couldn’t see anything through the dirty window.

(figurative) obscene, indecent, dishonorable


Nederlander

head

Nederlander (plural Nederlanders, diminutive Nederlandertjie)

Nederlanders (plural)
Nederlandertjie (diminutive)

From Dutch Nederlander, equivalent to Nederland + -er.

Netherlander, Dutchman, Dutchwoman (person from The Netherlands or of Dutch descent)


be-

From Dutch be-, from Middle Dutch be-, from Old Dutch bi-, from Proto-Germanic *bi-.

Used to indicate that a verb is acting on a direct object (making an intransitive verb into a transitive verb). Always unstressed.

pyle op die diere skiet → die diere met pyle beskiet

Used to change the direct object of a transitive verb, so that what was previously expressed as an optional prepositional object becomes the direct object and vice versa. Always unstressed.


Kongo-Kinshasa

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Congo-Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa)


Deut.

(biblical) Abbreviation of Deuteronomium.


roofdier

roofdier (plural roofdiere, diminutive roofdiertjie)

roofdiere (plural)
roofdiertjie (diminutive)

From Dutch roofdier, which might be a calque of German Raubtier. Equivalent to roof (“to rob, to capture”) + dier (“animal”).


verdieping

head

verdieping (plural verdiepings or verdiepinge (dated))

verdiepings (plural)
verdiepinge (dated plural)

From Dutch verdieping, from Middle Dutch verdiepinge. Equivalent to verdiep + -ing.


skrif

skrif (plural skrifte, diminutive skriffie)

From Dutch schrift, from Proto-West Germanic *skrifti, from Latin scriptum.


wasbak

wasbak (plural wasbakke, diminutive wasbakkie)

wasbakke (plural)
wasbakkie (diminutive)

From Dutch wasbak. Equivalent to was + bak.


kombi

Borrowed from German Kombi, used in Volkswagen Kombi. Cf. English kombi, Dutch combi.


jags

af-adj

jags (attributive jagse, comparative jagser, superlative jagsste)

jagse (attributive)
jagser (comparative)
jagsste (superlative)

on heat, ruttish when referring to animals


kerkhof

head

kerkhof (plural kerkhowe, diminutive kerkhoffie)

kerkhowe (plural)
kerkhoffie (diminutive)

From Dutch kerkhof, from Middle Dutch kerchof. Equivalent to kerk (“church”) + hof (“court, garden, yard”).


pateet

Jou pateet, hoe het jy hom dit toegelaat?

You pathetic person, how did you allow him that?

a pathetic person or a person deemed as such


viool

head

viool (plural viole, diminutive viooltjie)

From Dutch viool, from Middle French viole, from Medieval Latin vitula.


komeet

/kʊə̯ˈmɪə̯t/

From Dutch komeet, from Middle Dutch comete, from Old French comete, from Latin comēta, from Ancient Greek κομήτης (komḗtēs).


roep

af-verb

roep (present roep, present participle roepende, past participle geroep)

roep (present)
roepende (participle present)
geroep (participle past)

From Dutch roepen, from Middle Dutch roepen, from Old Dutch ruopan, from Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną.

(transitive or intransitive) to cry, shout


roep

From Dutch roep, from Middle Dutch roep.


kwas

head

kwas (plural kwaste, diminutive kwassie)

From Dutch kwast, from Middle Dutch quast, from Old Dutch *kwast, from Proto-Germanic *kwastuz.


Tsjaad

Dated spelling of Tsjad: Chad (a country in Central Africa)


kalkoen

kalkoen (plural kalkoene, diminutive kalkoentjie)

kalkoene (plural)
kalkoentjie (diminutive)

→ English: kalkoentjie

→ Swazi: ingalukhuni

→ Xhosa: ikarukwini

→ Zulu: ikalikuni

→ Shona: Garukuni

Meleagris gallopavo
Meleagris gallopavo#Translingual


Afghaan

Afghaan (plural Afghane, diminutive Afghaantjie)

Afghane (plural)
Afghaantjie (diminutive)

Afghan (person from Afghanistan or of Afghan descent)


Albanees

af-adj

Albanees (attributive Albanese, not comparable)

Albanian (of, from, or pertaining to Albania, the Albanian people or the Albanian language)


Albanees

head

Albanees (plural Albanese, diminutive Albanesie)

Albanese (plural)
Albanesie (diminutive)

Albanian (person from Albania or of Albanian descent)


Albanees

Albanian (the language spoken by the Albanian people)


karakter

From Dutch karakter, from Middle Dutch caracter, from Middle French caractère, from Old French caractere, from Latin character, from Ancient Greek χαρακτήρ (kharaktḗr).


Kasakstan

Alternative form of Kazakstan: Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


Kongo-Brazzaville

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

Congo-Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa)


priemgetal

priemgetal (plural priemgetallen, diminutive priemgetalletjie)

priemgetallen (plural)
priemgetalletjie (diminutive)


kakkerlak

kakkerlak (plural kakkerlakke, diminutive kakkerlakkie)

kakkerlakke (plural)
kakkerlakkie (diminutive)


meid

From English maid (“female domestic servant”).

bor

(now offensive) A domestic servant, usually non-white.


verpleegster

head

verpleegster (plural verpleegsters, diminutive verpleegstertjie, masculine verpleër)

verpleegsters (plural)
verpleegstertjie (diminutive)
verpleër (masculine)

Inherited from Dutch verpleegster, equivalent to verpleeg + -ster.


temperatuur

From Dutch temperatuur, probably from French température, from Latin temperātūra.


sosialisme

Affixed sosial + -isme, from Dutch socialisme, from French socialisme.


kruid

From Dutch kruid, from Middle Dutch cruut, from Old Dutch krūd, from Proto-West Germanic *krūd.


spek

From Dutch spek, from Middle Dutch spec, from Old Dutch spek, from Proto-Germanic *spiką.


verrassing

verrassing (plural verrassings or verrassinge (dated))

verrassings (plural)
verrassinge (dated plural)


verwant

af-adj

verwant (attributive verwante, not comparable)

From Dutch verwant, from Middle Dutch verwant, either a perfect participle of the verb verwenden, or a borrowing from either Middle Low German or Middle High German.


verwant

relative, family member, including distant relatives


galop

af-verb

galop (present galop, present participle galoppende, past participle galop)

galop (present)
galoppende (participle present)
galop (participle past)


parra

head

parra (plural parras, diminutive parratjie)


parra

af-verb

parra (present parra, present participle parraende, past participle geparra)

parra (present)
parraende (participle present)
geparra (participle past)

Borrowed from Portuguese parar (“to halt, to stop”).

(fishing) to stop a fishing boat and wait; to keep a boat in a certain position


kopie

From Dutch kopie, from Middle Dutch copie, from Old French copie, from Latin copia.


gemsbok

→ English: gemsbok

From Dutch gemsbok, from gems (“chamois”) + bok (“buck”).


toonbank

head

toonbank (plural toonbanke, diminutive toonbankie)

toonbanke (plural)
toonbankie (diminutive)

From Dutch toonbank. Equivalent to toon (“to show”) + bank (“bench”).

Sy sit 'n sak op die toonbank en trek haar rewolwer.

She puts a bag on the counter and draws her revolver.

counter, a furniture surface on which wares are put and transacted


literatuur

From Dutch literatuur, from French littérature, from Latin litteratura.


byt

af-verb

byt (present byt, present participle bytende, past participle gebyt)

byt (present)
bytende (participle present)
gebyt (participle past)

From Dutch bijten, from Middle Dutch biten, from Old Dutch *bītan, from Proto-Germanic *bītaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydt (“to split”).

inh

Die kat byt my


byt

byte van insekte kan gevaarlik wees

bite (the wound left behind after having been bitten)


Azerbaidjan

Alternative spelling of Azerbeidjan: Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


steenkool

From Middle Dutch steencōle. Equivalent to steen + kool.


nader

From Dutch nader, comparative of dated na.

comparative degree of naby: nearer, closer


nader

af-verb

nader (present nader, present participle naderende, past participle genader)

nader (present)
naderende (participle present)
genader (participle past)

From Dutch naderen, derived from etymology 1 above.

(intransitive, transitive) to approach, to come near


koelie

(offensive) A coolie (a person from India or of Indian ancestry)


atmosfeer

From Dutch atmosfeer, from French atmosphère.

In jou atmosfeer.

2016, “In Jou Atmosfeer”, in Sal Jy Met My Dans?, performed by Kurt Darren, South Africa:


maagd

(astrology) a Virgo; someone born with the star sign Virgo


biskop

head

biskop (plural biskoppe, diminutive biskoppie)

biskoppe (plural)
biskoppie (diminutive)

From Dutch bisschop, from Middle Dutch bischop, from Old Dutch biskop, from Latin episcopus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos).

(Christianity) bishop; high-ranking priest of the Roman-Catholic and Anglican churches

(chess) bishop; chess piece that moves diagonally

one of two types of fish from the family Sparidae


distrik

From Dutch district, from Middle Dutch district, from Middle French district, from Medieval Latin districtus (“a district within which the lord may distrain, also jurisdiction”), from Latin districtus, past participle of distringō, distringere (“draw asunder, compel, distrain”), from dis- (“apart”) + stringō, stringere (“draw tight, strain”).


willekeurig

af-adj

willekeurig (attributive willekeurige, comparative willekeuriger, superlative willekeurigste)

willekeurige (attributive)
willekeuriger (comparative)
willekeurigste (superlative)


doet

af-verb

doet (present doet, present participle doende, past participle gedoet)

doet (present)
doende (participle present)
gedoet (participle past)

From Dutch doet, third-person singular present of doen, whence Afrikaans doen.


diens

From Dutch dienst, from Middle Dutch dienst, from Old Dutch *thionost, from Proto-Germanic *þewanōstaz.


Egipte

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia; capital: Kaïro)


Zoeloe

From Dutch Zoeloe, from Zulu umZulu or Zulu isíZulu.


baarmoeder

From Dutch baarmoeder, from Middle Dutch baermoeder. Equivalent to baar (“to give birth”) + moeder (“uterus; mother”).


republiek

head

republiek (plural republieke, diminutive republiekie)

republieke (plural)
republiekie (diminutive)

From Dutch republiek, from French république, from Latin rēspūblica or rēs pūblica.


standbeeld

standbeeld (plural standbeelde, diminutive standbeeldjie)

standbeelde (plural)
standbeeldjie (diminutive)

From Dutch standbeeld, modelled on Latin statua. Equivalent to stand + beeld.


dronk

af-adj

dronk (attributive dronk, comparative dronker, superlative dronkste)

dronk (attributive)
dronker (comparative)
dronkste (superlative)
dronk (attributive positive predicative)
dronke (attributive independent positive singular)
dronkes (attributive independent plural positive)
dronks (partitive positive)
dronker (attributive comparative predicative)
dronkere (attributive comparative independent singular)
dronkeres (attributive comparative independent plural)
dronkers (comparative partitive)
donkste (attributive predicative superlative)
donkste (singular superlative)
donkstes (attributive independent plural superlative)


opname

/ˈɔpˌnɑː.mə/

From Dutch opname, from opnemen based on German Aufnahme.

The act of absorbing or assimilating, uptake, absorption.

The act of including, adopting or assimilating.

A recording, a record, something that has been recorded.


moer

Ek draai die moer vas


moer

af-verb

moer (present moer, present participle moerende, past participle gemoer)

moer (present)
moerende (participle present)
gemoer (participle past)

→ English: moer

Ek gaan jou hard moer.


kalf

head

kalf (plural kalwers, diminutive kalfie)


kalf

af-verb

kalf (present kalf, present participle kalwende, past participle gekalf)

kalf (present)
kalwende (participle present)
gekalf (participle past)


Desember

From Dutch december, from Middle Dutch december, from Latin December. Cognate to Indonesian Desember.


-'s

Julle's almal die selfde.

Hier's wat ek jou kan vertel.


buur

From Dutch buur, from Middle Dutch buur, from Old Dutch *būr, from Proto-Germanic *būraz (“dweller, inhabitant”). Doublet of boer.


universiteit

From Dutch universiteit, from Middle Dutch universiteit.


halfrond

From Dutch halfrond. Equivalent to half + rond.


padda

head

padda (plural paddas, diminutive paddatjie)

From Dutch pad, from Middle Dutch padde, from Proto-Germanic *paddǭ.


paljas

paljas (plural paljasse, diminutive paljassie)

paljasse (plural)
paljassie (diminutive)

From Dutch paljas, from French paillasse, from Italian pagliaccio, from Latin palea.


hangmat

From Dutch hangmat (which see), from Spanish hamaca, from Taíno *hamaka. Equivalent to hang (“to hang”) + mat (“mat”) by popular etymology.


alkalies

af-adj

alkalies (attributive alkaliese, comparative meer alkalies, superlative mees alkaliese)

alkaliese (attributive)
meer alkalies (comparative)
mees alkaliese (superlative)


amnesties

amnesties (attributive amnestiese, not comparable)

amnesic; amnestic; Of, pertaining to, affected by, or causing amnesia


onderbroek

head

onderbroek (plural onderbroeke, diminutive onderbroekie)

onderbroeke (plural)
onderbroekie (diminutive)

From Dutch onderbroek. Equivalent to onder- (“under”) + broek (“trousers”).

undershorts, underpants, pants (underwear, for either sex, any gender)


bakker

bakker (plural bakkers, diminutive bakkertjie, feminine bakster)

bakkers (plural)
bakkertjie (diminutive)
bakster (feminine)

From Dutch bakker, from Middle Dutch backer, from Old Dutch *bakar, *baker, from Proto-Germanic *bakārijaz.


kanteel

From Dutch kanteel, from Middle Dutch canteel.


broodrooster

broodrooster (plural broodroosters, diminutive broodroostertjie)

broodroosters (plural)
broodroostertjie (diminutive)

From Dutch broodrooster, equivalent to brood (“bread”) + rooster (“grill”).


vertrek

af-verb

vertrek (present vertrek, present participle vertrekkende, past participle vertrek)

vertrek (present)
vertrekkende (participle present)
vertrek (participle past)

From Dutch vertrekken, from Middle Dutch vertrecken.


vertrek

From Dutch vertrek, from Middle Dutch vertrec. Equivalent to a deverbal from etymology 1.


toespraak

From Dutch toespraak, from Middle Dutch toesprâke. Equivalent to a deverbal of toespreek.


fundamentalisme

From fundamentaal (“fundamental”) + -isme.
Borrowed from English fundamentalism.


edelgas

From Dutch edelgas, from German Edelgas. Equivalent to edel (“noble”) + gas.

(chemistry) noble gas (any of the elements of group 18 of the periodic table)


toor

toor (present toor, present participle toorende, past participle getoor)

toor (present)
toorende (participle present)
getoor (participle past)

From Dutch toveren, from Middle Dutch tôveren, from Old Dutch *tōvaron, from Proto-Germanic *taubrōną.


kry

kry (present kry, present participle krygende, past participle gekry)

kry (present)
krygende (participle present)
gekry (participle past)

From Dutch krijgen, from Middle Dutch crigen, from Old Dutch *crīgan, from Proto-West Germanic *krīgan. Cognate to German kriegen (“to get”).


buro

From Dutch bureau, from French bureau, from Middle French burel, from Old French burel.


perd

head

perd (plural perde or pêre, diminutive perdjie)

perde (plural)
pêre (plural)
perdjie (diminutive)

→ Phuthi: ipere

→ Sotho: pere

From dialectal Dutch perd, variant of paard, from Middle Dutch peret, *pert.


vark

Backformation from Dutch varken (“pig”), either by reinterpreting the singular as a plural, or from the actual plural varkens by rebracketing it as vark + -ens. From Middle Dutch varken. Ultimately from an old diminutive derived from Proto-Germanic *farhaz.


politikus

From Dutch politicus, from Latin polīticus, from Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós).


litteken

From Dutch litteken, from Middle Dutch lidteken, from older lijcteken.


sug

af-verb

sug (present sug, present participle sugtende, past participle gesug)

sug (present)
sugtende (participle present)
gesug (participle past)

From Dutch zuchten, from Middle Dutch suchten, from Old Dutch *sūfton.


sug

From Dutch zucht, from Middle Dutch sucht, socht, from Old Dutch *suft (“sigh, sip”), from Proto-Germanic *suf- (“to sip”).


skool

head

skool (plural skole, diminutive skooltjie)

→ Northern Ndebele: isikolo

→ Nǀuu: skool

→ Sotho: sekolo

→ Southern Ndebele: isikolo

→ Shona: chikoro (through a Nguni intermediate)

→ Tsonga: xikolo

→ Venda: tshikolo

→ Xhosa: isikolo

→ Zulu: isikole

From Dutch school, from Middle Dutch schôle, from Latin schola, from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ).


framboos

From Dutch framboos, from French framboise.


esel

esel (plural esels, diminutive eseltjie)

→ Sotho: esele

→ Xhosa: i-esile

From Dutch ezel, from Middle Dutch ēsel, from Old Dutch esil, from Proto-West Germanic *asil, from Late Latin asellus.

easel (frame used by artistic painters and draughtspeople)


heiden

From Dutch heiden, from Middle Dutch heidin.

pagan, heathen, person who does not follow an Abrahamic religion


vlug

From Dutch vlucht, from Proto-West Germanic *fluhti, derived from *fleuhan (“to flee, escape”). The verb is from Dutch vluchten, itself denominal.

Die rowers is kort na hulle vlug uit Pretoria betrap.

The robbers were caught shortly after their escape from Pretoria.

flight, escape (the act of fleeing, an instance thereof)


vlug

af-verb

vlug (present vlug, present participle vlugtende, past participle gevlug)

vlug (present)
vlugtende (participle present)
gevlug (participle past)

to escape, elude, get away from (e.g. capture)


vlug

head

vlug (plural vlugte, diminutive vluggie)

From Dutch vlucht, from Proto-West Germanic *fluhti, derived from *fleugan (“to fly”).

Reiers se nekke is tydens die vlug krom.

Herons’ necks are crooked during flight.

Ek het die vlug na Parys verpas.

flight (the act of flying, an instance thereof)


vlug

af-adj

vlug (attributive vlugge, comparative vlugger, superlative vlugste)

vlugge (attributive)
vlugger (comparative)
vlugste (superlative)

From Dutch vlug. Related with etymology 2 above.

(of cognitive ability) sharp, quick-witted


Deen

Dane (person from Denmark or of Danish descent)


VN

Verenigde Nasies
Verenigde Nasies#Afrikaans

Initialism of Verenigde Nasies (United Nations)


positief

positief (attributive positiewe, comparative positiewer, superlative positiefste)

positiewe (attributive)
positiewer (comparative)
positiefste (superlative)

From Dutch positief, from French positif, from Latin positivus.


vrek

af-verb

vrek (present vrek, present participle vrekkende, past participle gevrek)

vrek (present)
vrekkende (participle present)
gevrek (participle past)

From Dutch verrekken, itself (semantically) from German verrecken. The sense “to die” is apparently first attested in South African Dutch (1752) and may thus have been borrowed locally. The contracted form might also be from German, where it is widely found in dialects, but compare on the other hand Sranan Tongo frèk.

(of people, derogatory) to die, buy it, bite the dust


verbuiging

head

verbuiging (plural verbuigings or verbuiginge (dated))

verbuigings (plural)
verbuiginge (dated plural)


Atena

(Greek mythology) Alternative spelling of Athena


atoom

atoom (plural atome, diminutive atoompie)


materiaal

From Dutch materiaal, from Middle Dutch materiael, from Middle French material, from Old French material, from Late Latin materialis, from Latin materia (“wood, material, substance”) from mater (“mother”).


-ende

equivalent of English -ing; suffix for present participle terms


Noors

af-adj

Noors (attributive Noorse, not comparable)

Inherited from Dutch Noors, equivalent to Noor + -s.

Norwegian (of, from, or pertaining to Norway, the Norwegian people or the Norwegian language)


vlakte

→ English: vlakte

From Dutch vlakte. Equivalent to vlak + -te.


kanaal

head

kanaal (plural kanale, diminutive kanaaltjie)

From Dutch kanaal, from Middle Dutch canael, from older canel, from Old French canal, from Latin canālis (“pipe, channel, canal”), from canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na).


moltrein

2013, Jacolet van den Berg, Diamant uit Afrika, LAPA Uitgewers (publ.).
Vroeg Woensdagoggend klim sy op die moltrein na Canary.
Early on Wednesday morning she boards the underground to Canary.


Malteser

Malteser (plural Maltesers, diminutive Maltesertjie)

Maltesers (plural)
Maltesertjie (diminutive)

Synonym of Maltees (person from Malta or of Maltese descent)


geweer

geweer (plural gewere, diminutive geweertjie)

From Dutch geweer, from Middle Dutch gewere.


luitenant

From Dutch luitenant, from Middle Dutch lieutenant, from Middle French lieutenant, from Old French [Term?].


handdoek

From Dutch handdoek. Equivalent to hand (“hand”) + doek (“cloth”).

A towel, a cloth used for drying (sometimes for cleaning) one's hands


weerstand

From Dutch weerstand, from older wederstand with syncope of intervocalic -d-, from Middle Dutch wederstant.

electrical resistance
electrical resistance

(electronics) resistor (electronic component)


soldaat

soldaat (plural soldate, diminutive soldaatjie)

soldate (plural)
soldaatjie (diminutive)

→ Xhosa: isoldathi

From Dutch soldaat, from Middle French soldat, from Italian soldato.


Willem

From Dutch Willem, from Middle Dutch willem.

a male given name from Proto-Germanic, equivalent to English William


arsenik

arsenic trioxide
arsenic trioxide#English

rooi arsenik
realgar

(dated) common name for various arsenic compounds


terminologie

From Dutch terminologie, from German Terminologie.


enigste

Pas jouself op, jy is my enigste.

Take care of yourself, you're my only one.


aand

From Dutch avond with sporadic loss of intervocalic -v- (cf. bly, gee etc.). The full form awend still in Awendland (“Occident”).


aandete

aandete (plural aandetes, diminutive aandetetjie)

aandetes (plural)
aandetetjie (diminutive)

/ˈɑːntˌɪə̯.tə/

From Dutch avondeten, from Middle Dutch avonteten.


maklik

af-adj

maklik (attributive maklike, comparative makliker, superlative maklikste)

maklike (attributive)
makliker (comparative)
maklikste (superlative)


maer

maer (attributive maer, comparative maerder, superlative maerste)

maer (attributive)
maerder (comparative)
maerste (superlative)
maer (attributive positive predicative)
maere (attributive independent positive singular)
maeres (attributive independent plural positive)
maers (partitive positive)
maerder (attributive comparative predicative)
maerdere (attributive comparative independent singular)
maerderes (attributive comparative independent plural)
maerders (comparative partitive)
maerste (attributive predicative superlative)
maerste (singular superlative)
maerstes (attributive independent plural superlative)

From Dutch mager, from Middle Dutch mager, from Old Dutch *magar, from Proto-Germanic *magraz, from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂ḱrós.

Ons gaan nou deur maer jare.

We're currently going through [some] financially bad years.


edelman

From Dutch edelman, from Middle Dutch ēdelman. Equivalent to edel + man.


bladsy

From Dutch bladzij, a byform of bladzijde.


asseblief

Koop asseblief melk op pad terug.

— Wil jy 'n glas water hê? — (Ja,) asseblief!

— Would you like a glass of water? — (Yes,) please!

please; used as an affirmative to an offer


asseblief

Ag, asseblief! Drink dit net!

please; an expression of annoyance or impatience


woordeskat

From Dutch woordenschat. Equivalent to woord (“word”) + skat (“treasure”).


wysig

af-verb

wysig (present wysig, present participle wysigende, past participle gewysig)

wysig (present)
wysigende (participle present)
gewysig (participle past)


soek

soek (present soek, present participle soekende, past participle gesoek)

soek (present)
soekende (participle present)
gesoek (participle past)

From Dutch zoeken, from Middle Dutch soeken, from Old Dutch *suoken, from Proto-Germanic *sōkijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂gyeti.


soek

Borrowed from Arabic سُوق (sūq, “market”).


domkop

A stupid (not clever) person, dunce, duffer, dumbass


fresko

head

fresko (plural fresko's, diminutive fresko'tjie)

fresko's (plural)
fresko'tjie (diminutive)

Either derived from Dutch fresco or borrowed from English fresco, both borrowed from Italian fresco, from Vulgar Latin *friscum, from Proto-Germanic *friskaz.


agt

From Dutch acht, from Middle Dutch achte, acht, from Old Dutch ahto, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.


sewe

From Dutch zeven, from Middle Dutch seven, from Old Dutch sivun, sivon, from Proto-Germanic *sebun, from earlier *sebunt, from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥, with -t added through influence of "nine" and "ten".


ateljee

From Dutch atelier (“workshop, studio”), from French atelier (“workshop, studio”).


lêer

lêer (plural lêers, diminutive lêertjie)

an old measure for wine, brandy, vinegar, etc.

binder, file (folder in which papers are arranged and stored)

(computing) file (a collection of information that forms a unit and is stored together)

a hen or other animal that lays eggs; laying hen


aftree

af-verb

aftree (present tree af, present participle aftreeënde, past participle afgetree)

tree af (present)
aftreeënde (participle present)
afgetree (participle past)


vertaal

vertaal (present vertaal, present participle vertalende, past participle vertaal)

vertaal (present)
vertalende (participle present)
vertaal (participle past)

From Dutch vertalen, from Middle Dutch vertalen (“to express, to respond”).


wysiging

head

wysiging (plural wysigings or wysiginge)

From Dutch wijziging. Equivalent to wysig + -ing.


blou

af-adj

blou (attributive blou, comparative blouer, superlative blouste)

blou (attributive)
blouer (comparative)
blouste (superlative)

From Dutch blauw, from Middle Dutch blau, from Old Dutch *blāo, from Proto-West Germanic *blāu, from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz.


rooi

rooi (attributive rooi or (seldom) rooie, comparative rooier, superlative rooiste)

rooi (attributive)
rooie (attributive)
rooier (comparative)
rooiste (superlative)
rooi (positive predicative)
rooi (attributive positive)
rooie (attributive positive)
rooie (attributive independent positive singular)
rooies (attributive independent plural positive)
roois (partitive positive)
rooier (attributive comparative predicative)
rooiere (attributive comparative independent singular)
rooieres (attributive comparative independent plural)
rooiers (comparative partitive)
rooiste (attributive predicative superlative)
rooiste (singular superlative)
rooistes (attributive independent plural superlative)

From Dutch rood, whose inflected form is rooie in various Dutch vernaculars. In Afrikaans the same alternation would be expected (cf. dood or goed), but the inflected stem was generalized (probably by analogy with other common colour adjectives, which are regularly unchanged in the attributive form).


grys

grys </b>or (chiefly figurative senses)<b> gryse

grys (attributive grys or (chiefly figurative senses) gryse, comparative gryser, superlative gryste)

grys (attributive)
gryse (attributive figuratively)
gryser (comparative)
gryste (superlative)
grys (positive predicative)
grys (attributive positive)
gryse (attributive positive)
gryse (attributive independent positive singular)
gryses (attributive independent plural positive)
grys (partitive positive)
gryser (attributive comparative predicative)
grysere (attributive comparative independent singular)
gryseres (attributive comparative independent plural)
grysers (comparative partitive)
gryste (attributive predicative superlative)
gryste (singular superlative)
grystes (attributive independent plural superlative)


skade

From Dutch schade, from Proto-Germanic *skaþô.


skade

From dialectal Dutch schade, a byform of schaduw.

(archaic, poetic) Alternative form of skaduwee (“shade, shadow”)


rolstoel

From Dutch rolstoel. Equivalent to rol (“to roll”) + stoel (“chair”).


wys

af-verb

wys (present wys, present participle wysende, past participle gewys)

wys (present)
wysende (participle present)
gewys (participle past)

From Dutch wijzen, from Middle Dutch wisen, from Old Dutch wīsen, from Proto-Germanic *wīsijaną.


verskil

head

verskil (plural verskille, diminutive verskilletjie)

verskille (plural)
verskilletjie (diminutive)

From Dutch verschil, from Middle Dutch verschil.


skrap

af-verb

skrap (present skrap, present participle skrappende, past participle geskrap)

skrap (present)
skrappende (participle present)
geskrap (participle past)

From Dutch schrappen, from Middle Dutch schrappen.


klad

From Dutch klad, from Middle Dutch kladde.


klad

klad (present klad, present participle kladdende, past participle geklad)

klad (present)
kladdende (participle present)
geklad (participle past)

(intransitive) to dry with a paper or cloth, e.g. by dabbing


sagteware

software (collective name for programs that can be executed by a computer)


teenoor

/ˈtɪə̯nʊə̯r/

From Dutch tegenover. Equivalent to a univerbation of teen + oor.


oortuiging

head

oortuiging (plural oortuigings or oortuiginge, diminutive oortuiginkie)

oortuigings (plural)
oortuiginge (plural)
oortuiginkie (diminutive)

From Dutch overtuiging. Equivalent to oortuig + -ing.


oortuig

af-verb

oortuig (present oortuig, present participle oortuigende, past participle oortuig)

oortuig (present)
oortuigende (participle present)
oortuig (participle past)

From Dutch overtuigen, from Middle Dutch overtugen.


wêreld

From Dutch wereld (“world”), from Middle Dutch werelt, from Old Dutch werold, werolt, from Proto-Germanic *weraldiz (literally “age of man”), from *weraz (“man”) + *aldiz (“time, age, old”).
The development of Middle Dutch -er(e)l- → Afrikaans -êrel- (instead of -erel-) is regular. Compare kêrel, pêrel.

inh

Ja, die hele wêreld word stil
 En luister in die donker uur
 Na die naggeluide van Liza se klavier.

1992, “Liza se klavier”performed by Laurika Rauch:

Yes, the whole world becomes quiet
 And listens in the dark hour
 To the night sounds of Liza’s piano.


kelder

head

kelder (plural kelders, diminutive keldertjie)

kelders (plural)
keldertjie (diminutive)

From Dutch kelder, from Middle Dutch kelre, kellere, from Old Dutch *kellari, from Late Latin cellarium.


magistraat

From Dutch magistraat, from Latin magistrātus.


Japanner

Japanner (plural Japanners, diminutive Japannertjie)

Japanners (plural)
Japannertjie (diminutive)

Inherited from Dutch Japanner, equivalent to Japan + -er.

Japanese (person from Japan or of Japanese descent)


ketting

ketting (plural kettings or kettinge (dated), diminutive kettinkie)

kettings (plural)
kettinge (dated plural)
kettinkie (diminutive)

From Dutch ketting, from Middle Dutch kettinc, from the more common form ketene, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *katinnjā, from Vulgar Latin *catenia, from Latin catēna.


mosterd

From Dutch mosterd, from Middle Dutch mostaert, from Old French moustarde, from moust (“must”), from Latin mustum.


Litauer

Litauer (plural Litauers, diminutive Litauertjie)

Litauers (plural)
Litauertjie (diminutive)

Lithuanian (person from Lithuania or of Lithuanian descent)


metafoor

/ˌmɪə̯.taˈfʊə̯r/

From Dutch metafoor, from French métaphore, from Latin metaphora, from Ancient Greek μεταφορά (metaphorá), from μεταφέρω (metaphérō, “I transfer, apply”).


gedig

From Dutch gedicht, from an action noun derived from dichten, from Latin dictare.


belangrik

af-adj

belangrik (attributive belangrike, comparative belangriker, superlative belangrikste)

belangrike (attributive)
belangriker (comparative)
belangrikste (superlative)

From Dutch belangrijk. Equivalent to belang + -rik.

important (having relevant and crucial value)


erts

ore (rock that contains enough metal or mineral material to be extracted and processed)


vliegveld

head

vliegveld (plural vliegvelde, diminutive vliegveldjie)

vliegvelde (plural)
vliegveldjie (diminutive)

From Dutch vliegveld. Equivalent to vlieg + veld.


-ies

Inherited from Dutch -isch, from German -isch.

motor + -ies → motories (“motoric”)

sensor + -ies → sensories (“sensory”)

utopia + -ies → utopies (“utopian”)

-ic, -ory, -ian; Used to create adjectives from nouns, primarily of Latin and Greek origin

krities

-ly, -like; Used to create adverbs from nouns, primarily of Latin and Greek origin


Boedapest

From Hungarian Budapest, from Buda + Pest.


tempel

tempel (plural tempels, diminutive tempeltjie)

tempels (plural)
tempeltjie (diminutive)

From Dutch tempel, from Middle Dutch tempel, from Latin templum.


niks

From Dutch niks, probably from German nix.


draak

From Dutch draak, from Middle Dutch drāke, from Old Dutch *drako, an early Germanic borrowing of Latin dracō (“dragon”).

dragon (mythological or folkloric reptilian creature)


hommel

From Dutch hommel, from Middle Dutch hommel.


leraar

/ˈlɪə̯.rɑːr/

From Dutch leraar. Doublet of leerder (“learner”).

(religion) reverend, minister, clergyman


vink

From Dutch vink, from Middle Dutch vinke, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *finkiz.


tandarts

From Dutch tandarts. Equivalent to tand (“tooth”) + arts (“doctor”).


majoor

From Dutch majoor, from Spanish mayor, from Latin maior.


byl

From Dutch bijl, from Middle Dutch bile.


appelboom

appelboom (plural appelbome, diminutive appelboompie)

appelbome (plural)
appelboompie (diminutive)


beperking

beperking (plural beperkings or beperkinge (dated))

beperkings (plural)
beperkinge (dated plural)

Hy het eindelik geleer om sy beperkings te aksepteer.

He has at long last learnt to accept his limitations.


slank

af-adj

slank (attributive slank, comparative slanker, superlative slankste)

slank (attributive)
slanker (comparative)
slankste (superlative)

From Dutch slank, from Middle Dutch slanc.


telg

From Dutch telg, from Middle Dutch telch, from Old Dutch *telg, from Proto-Germanic *telguz.


duister

duister (attributive duister or duistere, comparative duisterder, superlative duisterste)

duister (attributive)
duistere (attributive)
duisterder (comparative)
duisterste (superlative)


blaas

From Dutch blaas, from Middle Dutch blase, blaes.


blaas

af-verb

blaas (present blaas, present participle plasende, past participle geblaas)

blaas (present)
plasende (participle present)
geblaas (participle past)


knus

af-adj

knus (attributive knus, comparative knusser, superlative knusste)

knus (attributive)
knusser (comparative)
knusste (superlative)


onkruid

head

onkruid (plural onkruide, diminutive onkruidjie)

onkruide (plural)
onkruidjie (diminutive)

From Dutch onkruid, from Middle Dutch oncruut, from on- (“un-, not”) + cruut (“herb”). Equivalent to modern on- + kruid.


hulle

From dialectal Dutch hullie, contraction of hunlieden (“they, them-people”) or hunlui (“they, them-people”).


julle

From Dutch jullie, contraction of je lieden or je lui (“you people”).


natuurlik

af-adj

natuurlik (attributive natuurlike, comparative natuurliker, superlative natuurlikste)

natuurlike (attributive)
natuurliker (comparative)
natuurlikste (superlative)

From Dutch natuurlijk, from Middle Dutch natuurlijc. Equivalent to natuur + -lik.


ingaan

af-verb

ingaan (present gaan in, present participle ingaande, past participle ingegaan)

gaan in (present)
ingaande (participle present)
ingegaan (participle past)


miskien

From Dutch misschien, from Middle Dutch misschien.


bietjie

a little; a bit; fairly (sometimes used with maar)

Kyk bietjie wat ek gekry het.

Hulle het bietjie baie diere.

quite; very (used to emphasise another adverb or adjective, especially used with baie)


bietjie

Die bietjie wat daar was was bly.

bietjies-bietjies

'n Bietjie later


verklaar

verklaar (present verklaar, present participle verklarende, past participle verklaar)

verklaar (present)
verklarende (participle present)
verklaar (participle past)

From Dutch verklaren, from Middle Dutch verclaren.


granaat

→ Xhosa: irharnate

From Dutch granaat, Middle Dutch garnate, grenate, from Old French grenat, from Latin pomus granatus (“seeded apple”).


weermag

From Dutch weermacht, equivalent to weer + mag.


behaaglik

af-adj

behaaglik (attributive behaaglike, comparative behaagliker, superlative behaaglikste)

behaaglike (attributive)
behaagliker (comparative)
behaaglikste (superlative)

/bəˈɦɑːχ.lək/


verdraagsaam

verdraagsaam (attributive verdraagsame, comparative verdraagsamer, superlative verdraagsaamste)

verdraagsame (attributive)
verdraagsamer (comparative)
verdraagsaamste (superlative)

Ek is verdraagsaam teenoor beleefde mense.


loods

From Dutch loods, backformation from loodsman, from Middle Dutch lootsman, from Middle English lodesman.


bestanddeel

From Dutch bestanddeel, from German Bestandteil. Equivalent to bestand + deel.

ingredient (one of the parts of a whole)


draai

af-verb

draai (present draai, present participle draaiende, past participle gedraai)

draai (present)
draaiende (participle present)
gedraai (participle past)


ek hou van jou

LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-ek hou van jou.wav


Noorweë

Inherited from Dutch Noorwegen, with loss of intervocalic -g-.

Norway (a country in Northern Europe; capital: Oslo)


verras

verras (present verras, present participle verrassende, past participle verras)

verras (present)
verrassende (participle present)
verras (participle past)

From Dutch verrassen, from Middle Dutch verrasschen. Equivalent to ver- + ras.


rekenaar

From Dutch rekenaar, from Middle Dutch rekenare. Equivalent to reken + -aar.
Compare also German Rechner.


avontuur

head

avontuur (plural avonture, diminutive avontuurtjie)

avonture (plural)
avontuurtjie (diminutive)

From Dutch avontuur, from Middle Dutch aventure, from Old French aventure. The change to o occurred in early Dutch and is due to influence from avond, which has also affected the pronunciation.

adventure (remarkable, exciting or challenging experience)


Comore

Comoros (A country and group of islands in the Indian Ocean off the coast of East Africa; capital: Moroni)


kerker

From Dutch kerker, from Middle Dutch kerker, from Old Dutch *karkari, from Latin carcer (“prison, jail”).


skielik

From Dutch schielijk, from Middle Dutch schelike, schielike.


worde

worde (present word, present participle wordende, past werd, past participle geworde)

word (present)
wordende (participle present)
werd (past)
geworde (participle past)


bries

bries (plural briese, diminutive briesie)


pastoor

From Dutch pastoor, from Middle Dutch pastōor, from Latin pāstor.


passaat

From Dutch passaat, shortening of passaatwind, whose first element derives from Spanish pasada.


slak

Inherited from Dutch slak, from Middle Dutch slecke, slacke, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *slikkō.


voetstap

From Dutch voetstap, from Middle Dutch voetstap. Equivalent to voet + stap.


gemeente

/χəˈmɪə̯n.tə/

From Dutch gemeente, from Middle Dutch gemeende, from Old Dutch *gimēnitha, from Proto-Germanic *gamainiz + *-iþō.


vrees

From Dutch vrees, from Middle Dutch vrêse, from Old Dutch frēsa, from Proto-Germanic *fraisō (“danger”).


vrees

af-verb

vrees (present vrees, present participle vreesende, past participle gevrees)

vrees (present)
vreesende (participle present)
gevrees (participle past)

From Dutch vrezen, from Middle Dutch vrêsen, from Old Dutch *frēson, from Proto-Germanic *fraisōną.


vonk

From Dutch vonk, from Middle Dutch vonke, from Old Dutch funko, from Proto-Germanic *funkô.


Magda

a female given name: diminutive of Magdalena


kultuur

From Dutch cultuur, from Middle French culture (“cultivation; culture”), from Latin cultūra.


opstand

From Dutch opstand, from Middle Dutch opstant. Equivalent to a deverbal from opstaan.


deelname

/ˈdɪə̯lˌnɑː.mə/

From Dutch deelname, from German Teilnahme.


naai

af-verb

naai (present naai, present participle naaiende, past participle genaai)

naai (present)
naaiende (participle present)
genaai (participle past)

From Dutch naaien (“to sew, to stitch; to fuck”), from Middle Dutch nâyen, from Old Dutch *nāien, from Proto-Germanic *nēaną.


alledaags

af-adj

alledaags (attributive alledaagse, comparative alledaagser, superlative alledaagsste)

alledaagse (attributive)
alledaagser (comparative)
alledaagsste (superlative)


hoogland

From Dutch hoogland. Equivalent to hoog + land.


magneet

head

magneet (plural magnete, diminutive magneetjie)

magnete (plural)
magneetjie (diminutive)

From Dutch magneet, from Middle Dutch magneet, from older magnes, from Latin magnēs, from Ancient Greek μαγνήτης λίθος (magnḗtēs líthos).

der

μαγνήτης λίθος

Iemand had geld uit sy spaarvark geroof met 'n magneet.

Someone had stolen money from his piggy bank with a magnet.


guur

af-adj

guur (attributive gure, comparative guurder, superlative guurste)

gure (attributive)
guurder (comparative)
guurste (superlative)


terrein

From Dutch terrein, from French terrain.


sprakeloos

sprakeloos (attributive sprakelose, not comparable)

Inherited from Dutch sprakeloos, equivalent to spraak (“speech”) + -e- + -loos (“less”).


uitvoer

af-verb

uitvoer (present voer uit, present participle uitvoerend, past participle uitgevoer)

voer uit (present)
uitvoerend (participle present)
uitgevoer (participle past)


uitvoer

(computing, data) output (of information, data, etc.)


erken

erken (present erken, present participle erkennende, past participle erken)

erken (present)
erkennende (participle present)
erken (participle past)

From Dutch erkennen, from Middle Dutch erkennen. Equivalent to er- + ken.

Die taal was nog nie erken as amptelike taal nie.

The language hadn't yet been recognised as an official language.

(transitive) to acknowledge, to recognise


dankie

→ English: dankie


matras

From Dutch matras, from Middle Dutch matrasse, matratse, from Old French materas (modern matelas), from Italian materasso (cognate with Occitan almatrac, Spanish almadraque, Portuguese almadraque), from Arabic مَطْرَح (maṭraḥ), itself perhaps from مُطْرَح (muṭraḥ).


sweer

sweer (present sweer, present participle swerende, past participle gesweer)

sweer (present)
swerende (participle present)
gesweer (participle past)

From Dutch zweren, from Middle Dutch sweren, from Old Dutch *swerien, sweren, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer-.


vraagteken

head

vraagteken (plural vraagtekens, diminutive vraagtekentjie)

vraagtekens (plural)
vraagtekentjie (diminutive)

From Dutch vraagteken. Equivalent to vraag (“question”) + teken (“sign, mark”).


aanbeveling

head

aanbeveling (plural aanbevelings or aanbevelinge)

aanbevelings (plural)
aanbevelinge (plural)


hierdie

From hier (“here”) + die (“this; that”).


sommige

From Dutch sommige. Related to English some.


vyf

From Dutch vijf, from Middle Dutch vijf, from Old Dutch *fīf, vīf, from Proto-West Germanic *fimf, from Proto-Germanic *fimf, from *pémpe, variant of Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.


wyd

af-adj

wyd (attributive wye, comparative wyer, superlative wydste)

wye (attributive)
wyer (comparative)
wydste (superlative)

From Dutch wijd, from Middle Dutch wijt, from Old Dutch *wīd, from Proto-Germanic *wīdaz.


swaar

swaar (attributive swaar or (less often) sware, comparative swaarder, superlative swaarste)

swaar (attributive)
sware (attributive often)
swaarder (comparative)
swaarste (superlative)

From Dutch zwaar, from Middle Dutch swaer, from Old Dutch *swār, *swāri, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz, *swēriz.


vrou

head

vrou (plural vroue or vrouens, diminutive vroutjie)

vroue (plural)
vrouens (plural)
vroutjie (diminutive)

→ English: vrou

From Dutch vrouw, from Middle Dutch vrouwe, from Old Dutch frouwa, from Proto-Germanic *frawjǭ.

Daardie vrou werk in 'n museum.

Sy vrou het onlangs afgestudeer en werk nou in 'n winkel.

His wife graduated recently and is now working in a shop.


eggenoot

eggenoot (plural eggenote, feminine eggenote)


vrug

vrug (plural vrugte, diminutive vruggie)

From Dutch vrucht, from Middle Dutch vrucht, from Old Dutch fruht, from Latin frūctus.


blaar

blaar (plural blare, diminutive blaartjie)

Back-formation from the plural blare, itself from Dutch blaren, bladeren (“leaves”), from the singular blad (“leaf; sheet”). Doublet of blad.


blom

blom (plural blomme, diminutive blommetjie)

From Dutch blom, dialectal form of bloem, from Middle Dutch bloeme, from Old Dutch *bluomo, from Proto-Germanic *blōmô.


eier

Back-formation from eiers, a dialectal Dutch plural form of ei (“egg”). Compare similar back-formations in Afrikaans: hoender, blaar.


horing

horing (plural horings, diminutive horinkie)

From Dutch hoorn, from Middle Dutch horn, from Old Dutch *horn, from Proto-Germanic *hurną, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer-.


vingernael

From Dutch vingernagel. Equivalent to vinger + nael.


vlerk

From Dutch vlerk, from Middle Dutch vlerc.


lewer

lewer (plural lewers, diminutive lewertjie)

From Dutch lever, from Middle Dutch levere, from Old Dutch *livara, from Proto-Germanic *librō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smudge, stick”), from *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”).


suig

af-verb

suig (present suig, present participle suigende, past participle gesuig)

suig (present)
suigende (participle present)
gesuig (participle past)

From Dutch zuigen, from Middle Dutch sugen, from Old Dutch sūgan, from Proto-Germanic *sūganą.


spoeg

spoeg (present spoeg, present participle spoegende, past participle gespoeg)

spoeg (present)
spoegende (participle present)
gespoeg (participle past)

From Dutch spoegen, a dialectal variant of spugen (“to spit, vomit”), reformed from spuwen, whence the Afrikaans doublet spu (“to spew, spout”). The noun is deverbal. See the Dutch entries for more.

to spit (eject saliva etc. from the mouth)


kots

kots (present kots, present participle kotsende, past participle gekots)

kots (present)
kotsende (participle present)
gekots (participle past)

Die kinders moes in haar motor kots.


opgooi

opgooi (present gooi op, present participle opgooiende, past participle opgegooi)

gooi op (present)
opgooiende (participle present)
opgegooi (participle past)


braak

braak (present braak, present participle brakende, past participle gebraak)

braak (present)
brakende (participle present)
gebraak (participle past)


waai

waai (present waai, present participle waaiende, past participle gewaai)

waai (present)
waaiende (participle present)
gewaai (participle past)


asemhaal

asemhaal (present haal asem, present participle asemhalende, past participle asemgehaal)

haal asem (present)
asemhalende (participle present)
asemgehaal (participle past)

From Dutch asemhalen. Equivalent to asem + haal.


ruik

ruik (present ruik, present participle ruikende, past participle geruik)

ruik (present)
ruikende (participle present)
geruik (participle past)