gratis

From Dutch gratis, from Latin grātīs, contraction of grātiīs.


word

af-verb

word (present word, present participle wordende, past participle geword)

word (present)
wordende (participle present)
geword (participle past)

From Dutch worden, from Middle Dutch werden, from Old Dutch werthan, from Proto-Germanic *werþaną.

Ek het ryk geword.

Ek word ryk.

Sy word beter.

to become; to get (to change one’s state)

Die kat word gevoer.

Forms the present passive voice when followed by a past participle


pond

From Dutch pond, from Middle Dutch pont, pond, from Old Dutch punt, from Proto-Germanic *pundą (“pound, weight”), borrowed from Latin pondō.

Tot 1961, was die Suid-Afrikaanse pond onderverdeel in 20 sjielings.

Until 1961, the South African pound was subdivided into 20 shillings.


A

The first letter of the Afrikaans alphabet, written in the Latin script.


aam

Inherited from Dutch aam, from Middle Dutch ame, aem, from Latin ama, a variant of hama, from Ancient Greek ἄμη (ámē, “bucket”).

(historical) aam (a measure for liquids varying between regions, it was roughly 32 wine gallons in South Africa)

(historical, by extension) a barrel with the volume of one aam


aardvark

→ English: aardvark

From Dutch aardvarken, from aarde (“earth, soil”) + varken (“pig”).


abba

abba (present abba, present participle abbaende, past participle geabba)

abba (present)
abbaende (participle present)
geabba (participle past)

Borrowing from the Khoemana/Korana word abba which means to carry someone, especially a child, on your back.


abdomen

head

abdomen (plural abdomina or abdomens, diminutive abdomentjie)

abdomina (plural)
abdomens (plural)
abdomentjie (diminutive)


ablaut

From Dutch ablaut, borrowed from German Ablaut, from ab- + Laut.


week

From Dutch week, from Middle Dutch weke, from Old Dutch *wika, from Proto-Germanic *wikǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *weyg- (“to bend, wind, turn, yield”). Compare English week, West Frisian wike, German Woche.

der

Daar is sewe dae in die week.


lente

spring, the season between winter and summer


winter

From Dutch winter, from Middle Dutch winter, from Old Dutch winter, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz.


robot

1997, Riana Scheepers, Dogters van Afrika. Verhale oor Suid-Afrikaanse Vroue, Tafelberg (publ.).
As die robotte na groen oorslaan, brul hulle en storm vorentoe.

When the traffic lights switch to green, they roar and storm forward.


spring

af-verb

spring (present spring, present participle springende, past participle gespring)

spring (present)
springende (participle present)
gespring (participle past)


en

Ek sit en drink koeldrank

En?


het

From the Dutch 3rd person singular of hebben, which is heeft in standard Dutch, but het in many dialects. Compare also German hat, English has (from older English hath).

't

in informal writing, reflecting the contracted pronunciation


van

Van die wêreld se beste wyne kom van hierdie streek af.

Some of the world’s best wines are from this region.

Ons het met van die belangrikste politieke leiers gespreek.

We have spoken to some of the most important political leaders.

(used with a following definite article) some of (the)


hoed

From Dutch hoed, from Middle Dutch hoet, from Old Dutch *huot, from Proto-Germanic *hōdaz.


hoed

hoed (present hoed, present participle hoedende, past participle gehoed)

hoed (present)
hoedende (participle present)
gehoed (participle past)

From Dutch hoeden, from Middle Dutch hoeden, from Old Dutch *huoden, from Proto-West Germanic *hōdijan.


ik

(Cape Afrikaans or archaic) Alternative form of ek


dat

From Dutch dat, from Middle Dutch dat, from Old Dutch that, from Proto-Germanic *þat.


die

From Dutch die, which is used only as a demonstrative in Dutch. The replacement of the article de with stronger die is also common in Surinamese Dutch and among non-native speakers of Dutch.

die man

die vrou

die kind

definite article
definite article#English


die

Die dokter het gesê dat jy siek is. Die is die rede hoekom jy in die bed moet bly.

The doctor said that you are sick. That is the reason why you must stay in bed.


in

From Dutch in, from Middle Dutch in, from Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in.


een

From Dutch een, from Middle Dutch een, from Old Dutch ēn, ein, from Proto-West Germanic *ain, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.


lens

From Dutch lens, from Latin lēns (“lentil”).


wolf

From Dutch wolf, from Middle Dutch wolf, from Old Dutch *wulf, *wolf, from Proto-West Germanic *wulf, from Proto-Germanic *wulfaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.


letter

head

letter (plural letters, diminutive lettertjie)

letters (plural)
lettertjie (diminutive)

From Dutch letter, from Middle Dutch lettere, from Old French lettre, from Latin littera.


Japan

Inherited from Dutch Japan, from Malay Jepang, from Hokkien 日本 (Ji̍t-pún), from Middle Chinese 日本 (ȵiɪt̚ puən^X, literally “sun origin”).

der

Japan (a country in East Asia; capital: Tokio)


beer

From Dutch beer, from Proto-Germanic *berô.


beer

From Dutch beer, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.


man

head

man (plural mans or manne, diminutive mannetjie)

mans (plural)
manne (plural)
mannetjie (diminutive)

From Dutch man, from Middle Dutch man, from Old Dutch man, from Proto-Germanic *mann-, from Proto-Indo-European *mon- (“human being, man”).


is

am, are, is (present tense, all persons, plural and singular of wees, to be)

Forms the perfect passive voice when followed by a past participle


BTW

Initialism of belasting op toegevoegde waarde.; VAT, value-added tax


bot

From Dutch bot, from botte. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *buddǭ.


bot

af-verb

bot (present bot, present participle bot, past participle gebot)

bot (present)
bot (participle present)
gebot (participle past)


bot

af-adj

bot (attributive botte, comparative botter, superlative botste)

botte (attributive)
botter (comparative)
botste (superlative)

From Dutch bot, from Middle Dutch bot. Ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *buttaz.


NAVO

Acronym of Noord-Atlantiese Verdragsorganisasie; NATO


Israel

Inherited from Dutch Israël, from Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל.

Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)


Finland

Finland (a country in Northern Europe; capital: Helsinki)


bank

From Dutch bank, from Middle Dutch banc, from Old Dutch *bank, from Proto-Germanic *bankiz.


bank

From Dutch bank, from Middle Dutch banc, from Italian banco, from Old High German bank, from Proto-Germanic *bankiz.

(games, gambling) bank, a player who controls a deposit in some card games or board games and in gambling


bank

af-verb

bank (present bank, present participle bankende, past participle gebank)

bank (present)
bankende (participle present)
gebank (participle past)


open

open (present open, present participle openende, past participle geopen)

open (present)
openende (participle present)
geopen (participle past)

From Dutch openen, from Middle Dutch ōpenen, from Old Dutch opanon, from Proto-Germanic *upanōną.


Andorra

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


Afghanistan

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia; capital: Kaboel)


Angola

Republiek van Angola
Republiek van Angola#Afrikaans

Angola (a country in Southern Africa; official name: Republiek van Angola; capital: Luanda)


Burundi

Burundi (a country in East Africa; capital: Gitega)


Botswana

Botswana (a country in Southern Africa; capital: Gaborone)


Ghana

Ghana (a country in West Africa; capital: Accra)


Iran

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East; capital: Teheran)


Kiribati

Kiribati (A country consisting mostly of the Gilbert Islands archipelago, located in Micronesia in Oceania; capital: Suid-Tarawa)


Laos

Laos (a country in Southeast Asia; capital: Vientiane)


Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein (a microstate in Central Europe; capital: Vaduz)


Mali

Mali (a country in West Africa; capital: Bamako)


Malta

Malta (an island country in Southern Europe; capital: Valletta)

Malta (The largest island in the Maltese Archipelago; capital: Valletta)


Mauritius

Mauritius (A country in the Indian Ocean, east of East Africa and Madagascar; capital: Port Louis)

Mauritius (The main island of the country of Mauritius)


Malawi

Malawi (a country in Southern Africa; capital: Lilongwe)


Niger

Niger (a country in West Africa, situated to the north of Nigeria; capital: Niamey)


Nepal

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India; capital: Katmandoe)


Nauru

Nauru (a country and island in Oceania, in the Pacific Ocean)


Portugal

Portugal (a country in Southern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula)


Rwanda

Rwanda (a country in East Africa; capital: Kigali)


San Marino

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


Swaziland

(historical) Swaziland (The former name of Eswatini, a country in Southern Africa)


Togo

Togolese Republiek
Togolese Republiek#Afrikaans

Togo (a country in West Africa; official name: Togolese Republiek; capital: Lomé)


Thailand

Thailand (a country in Southeast Asia; capital: Bangkok)


Tonga

Tonga (a country and archipelago in Polynesia in Oceania)


Uganda

Uganda (a country in East Africa; capital: Kampala)


Zimbabwe

From Shona dzimba-dze-mabwe (“house of stones”), in reference to Great Zimbabwe.

der

Zimbabwe (a country in Southern Africa; capital: Harare)


Burkina Faso

From Moore burkĩna (“honest”) + Dyula faso (“father's house”), coined by Thomas Sankara.

Burkina Faso (a country in West Africa, formerly Upper Volta; capital: Ouagadougou)


Benin

Republiek van Benin
Republiek van Benin#Afrikaans

Benin (a country in West Africa, formerly Dahomey; official name: Republiek van Benin; capital: Porto Novo)


Belarus

Borrowed from Belarusian Белару́сь (Bjelarúsʹ).

bor+

Belarus (a country in Eastern Europe; capital: Minsk)


Belarus

head

Belarus (plural Belarusse, diminutive Belarussie)

Belarusse (plural)
Belarussie (diminutive)

Belarusian (person from Belarus or of Belarusian descent)


Vanuatu

Vanuatu (a country and archipelago in Melanesia in Oceania)


Tuvalu

Alternative spelling of Toewaloe: Tuvalu (a country and archipelago in Polynesia in Oceania)


Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone#English:_Q1044

Sierra Leone (a country in West Africa; capital: Freetown)


Palau

Palau (A country consisting of around 340 islands in Micronesia, in Oceania; capital: Ngerulmud)


drink

af-verb

drink (present drink, present participle drinkende, past participle gedrink)

drink (present)
drinkende (participle present)
gedrink (participle past)

From Dutch drinken, from Middle Dutch drinken, from Old Dutch drinkan, from Proto-Germanic *drinkaną.


Eritrea

Eritrea (a country in East Africa, on the Red Sea; capital: Asmara)


Georgia

Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


Samoa

Samoa (A country consisting of the western part of the Samoan archipelago in Polynesia, in Oceania)


Mayotte

administrative region
administrative region

territorial collectivity
territorial collectivity

Mayotte (an archipelago, overseas department, and administrative region of France, formerly an overseas territorial collectivity, located between Africa's mainland and Madagascar)


Taiwan

Inherited from Dutch Taiwan, ultimately from Dutch Tayouan, from possibly Siraya.

Republic of China
Republic of China#English

Taiwan, Republic of China (a country in East Asia; capital: Taipei)


beige

af-adj

beige (attributive beige, comparative beiger, superlative beigeste)

beige (attributive)
beiger (comparative)
beigeste (superlative)


violet

violet (attributive violette, not comparable)

From Dutch violet, borrowed from French violet, from Latin viola (“violet”).


see

From Dutch zee, from Middle Dutch sêe, from Old Dutch sēo, from Proto-Germanic *saiwiz.

Laasweek het ons see toe gegaan.

Die trekvoëls vlieg oor die berge, oor die see, Lapland toe.
The migratory birds are flying over the mountains, over the sea, to Sápmi.


been

head

been (plural bene or beendere, diminutive beentjie)

bene (plural)
beendere (plural)
beentjie (diminutive)

From Dutch been, from Middle Dutch bêen, from Old Dutch bēn, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.

(in the diminutive) Synonym of ossikel (“ossicle”)


of

From Dutch of, from Middle Dutch of, ofte.


X

The twenty-fourth letter of the Afrikaans alphabet, written in the Latin script.


hand

From Dutch hand, from Middle Dutch hant, from Old Dutch hant, from Proto-West Germanic *handu, from Proto-Germanic *handuz.


toe

From Dutch toe (“then”), a chiefly dialect variant of toen, from Middle Dutch doe. The -n in Dutch toen was added by analogy with dan (“then”).

Ek het toe nog nie lank in Pretoria gewoon nie.

I hadn’t lived in Pretoria for long then.

(referring to the past) then; at that time; at that moment

dan

then; referring to the present and future


toe

Toe ek by my skoonouers kuier, het ons elke dag gebraaide vleis geëet.

When I stayed at my in-laws’, we had fried meat every day.

wanneer

when; referring to the present and future


toe

Ons gaan skool toe.


toe

adverbial form of tot, found chiefly in compounds

Die deur is toe.


elk

(rather rare, literary) everyone; everybody


elk

in elk geval

(in expressions only) Alternative form of elke (“every”)


Roemenië

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


tree

From Dutch tree, syncopic form of trede, from Middle Dutch trede. Equivalent to a deverbal from treden.

step (single act of placing the foot when walking)


my

1. The forms jul and hul are unstressed variants. They are used mostly in possessive function

chiefly when the pronoun is repeated within the same sentence


stem

From Dutch stem, from Middle Dutch stemme, from Old Dutch *stemma, from Proto-Germanic *stebnō, *stamnijō.

Ruis die stem van ons geliefde, van ons land Suid-Afrika.

1921, “Die Stem van Suid-Afrika”, C.J. Langenhoven (lyrics), M.L. de Villiers (music), South Africa:

Rises the voice of our beloved, of our country South Africa.


stem

af-verb

stem (present stem, present participle stemmende, past participle gestem)

stem (present)
stemmende (participle present)
gestem (participle past)


as

From Dutch as, from Proto-Germanic *askǭ.


as

From Dutch as, from Proto-Germanic *ahsō.


boom

From Dutch boom, from Middle Dutch bôom, from Old Dutch bōm, boum, from Proto-Germanic *baumaz.


was

was (present was, present participle wassende, past participle gewas)

was (present)
wassende (participle present)
gewas (participle past)


son

From Dutch zon, from Middle Dutch sonne, from Old Dutch sunna, from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂un-, *sóh₂wl̥.


warm

af-adj

warm </b>or (chiefly in figurative use)<b> warme

warm (attributive warm or (chiefly in figurative use) warme, comparative warmer, superlative warmste)

warm (attributive)
warme (attributive)
warmer (comparative)
warmste (superlative)
warm (positive predicative)
warm (attributive positive)
warme (attributive positive)
warme (attributive independent positive singular)
warmes (attributive independent plural positive)
warms (partitive positive)
warmer (attributive comparative predicative)
warmere (attributive comparative independent singular)
warmeres (attributive comparative independent plural)
warmers (comparative partitive)
warmste (attributive predicative superlative)
warmste (singular superlative)
warmstes (attributive independent plural superlative)

From Dutch warm, from Middle Dutch warm, from Old Dutch warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz.

Ek het ure lank in die warm water gelê.

Ek het aan almal my warme dank uitgespreek.

Dinge raak warm.

2016, “Dinge Raak Warm”, in Sal Jy Met My Dans?, performed by Kurt Darren, South Africa:


Thai

Thai (person from Thailand or of Thai descent)


Afrikaans

Afrikaans (attributive Afrikaanse, not comparable)


room

From Dutch room, from Middle Dutch rôme, from Old Dutch *rōm, from Proto-West Germanic *raum, from Proto-Germanic *raumaz, , from Proto-Indo-European *réwgʰmn̥ (“cream”).


tower

af-verb

tower (present tower, present participle towerende, past participle getower)

tower (present)
towerende (participle present)
getower (participle past)


al

From Dutch al, from Middle Dutch al, from Old Dutch al, from Proto-West Germanic *all.


adel

From Dutch adel, from Middle Dutch adel, from Old Dutch *athal, from Proto-Germanic *aþalą.


ag

ag (present ag, present participle agtende, past participle geag)

ag (present)
agtende (participle present)
geag (participle past)

Ek ag hom as 'n belangrike bate in ons maatskappy.

I deem him as an important asset in our company.

Hy word hoog geag.


ag

From Dutch ach. Equivalent of German ach and English oh.


haar

From Dutch haar, from Middle Dutch haer, from Old Dutch hiro, from Proto-Germanic *hezōi.


haar

From Dutch haar, from Middle Dutch haer, from Old Dutch hira, from Proto-Germanic *hezōz.


haar

From Dutch haar, from Middle Dutch hâer, from Old Dutch hār, from Proto-Germanic *hērą.


bad

From Dutch bad, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *baþą. The plural baddens was probably formed by analogy with beddens (“beds”). The expected form would have been *baaie, which is already the plural of baai (“bay”). Compare phonetically pad > paaie.


Victoria

Victoria (the capital city of Seychelles)

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

Victoria (the capital city of British Columbia, Canada)


kind

From Dutch kind, from Middle Dutch kint, from Old Dutch kint, from Proto-Germanic *kindą (“offspring”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁tóm.


bal

head

bal (plural balle, diminutive balletjie)

From Dutch bal, from Middle Dutch bal, from Old Dutch *bal, from Proto-Germanic *balluz.

A ball (spherical object, used as a toy).


bed

From Dutch bed, from Middle Dutch bedde, from Old Dutch bedde, from Proto-Germanic *badją.


so

From Dutch zo, from Middle Dutch sô, from Old Dutch sō, from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from a merger of Proto-Germanic *swa and *swē.

so, like that/this, thus (in such a way)


sing

af-verb

sing (present sing, present participle singende, past participle gesing)

sing (present)
singende (participle present)
gesing (participle past)


ver

af-adj

ver (attributive verre or (less often) ver, comparative verder, superlative verste)

verre (attributive)
ver (attributive often)
verder (comparative)
verste (superlative)

From Dutch ver, from Middle Dutch verre.


vers

From Dutch vers, from Middle Dutch vers, from Old Dutch vers, from Latin versus.

A verse; a line, sentence or similarly short passage of a text, usually in prose.


oral

From Dutch overal, from Middle Dutch overal, from Old Dutch overal.


slang

From Dutch slang (“snake, serpent”), from Middle Dutch slange (“snake, serpent”), from Old Dutch slango (“snake, serpent”), from Proto-Germanic *slangô (“snake, serpent”).

inh

1983, E. P. Groenewald et al. (translators), Bybel, Genesis 3:2

The woman answered the serpent: “We may eat of the fruit of the trees in the garden.

Die vrou het die slang geantwoord: “Ons mag eet van die vrugte van die bome in die tuin."


polder

From Dutch polder, from Middle Dutch polre, from Old Dutch polra.

polder (land reclaimed from a body of water by means of dykes)


Canberra

Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory#English

Canberra (the capital city of Australia; located in the Australian Capital Territory)


Sydney

(uncountable) Sydney (a major port city, the state capital of New South Wales, Australia, and the most populous city in Australia)

(uncountable) Sydney (a seaport and former city in Nova Scotia, Canada, now part of the amalgamated Cape Breton Regional Municipality on Cape Breton Island)


gans

→ Xhosa: urhanisi

→ Zulu: ihansi


Kuala Lumpur

Koeala Loempoer
Koeala Loempoer#Afrikaans


Turk

Turk (person from Turkey or of Turkish descent)


sy

From Dutch zijde, zij, from Middle Dutch side, from Old Dutch *sīda, from Proto-Germanic *sīdǭ.


sy

From Dutch zijde, zij, from Middle Dutch side, from Old Dutch *sīda, from Latin sēda.


tak

From Dutch tak (“branch, twig, offshoot”), from Middle Dutch tac (“pointy object, forked object”), from Old Dutch *takko (“pointy object”).


winkel

head

winkel (plural winkels, diminutive winkeltjie)

winkels (plural)
winkeltjie (diminutive)

→ Sotho: leebenkele

→ Xhosa: ivenkile

From Dutch winkel, from Middle Dutch winkel (“corner”), from Old Dutch winkel, from Proto-Germanic *winkilaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weng- (“to bend, bow, arch, curve”).


sweet

From Dutch zweet, from Middle Dutch sweet, from Old Dutch *sweit, *swēt, from Proto-Germanic *swait-, from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd-.

Daar was baie sweet op haar voorhoof.

There was a lot of sweat on her forehead.


sweet

af-verb

sweet (present sweet, present participle swetende, past participle gesweet)

sweet (present)
swetende (participle present)
gesweet (participle past)

From Dutch zweten, from Middle Dutch swêten.


arts

From Dutch arts, from Middle Dutch ersetere, arsete, from Old Dutch ercetere. Influenced by German Arzt. All borrowed from Medieval Latin arcīāter, from Late Latin archīāter, from Ancient Greek ἀρχιατρός (arkhiatrós).


daar

From Dutch daar, from Old Dutch thār, from Proto-Germanic *þar.


hier

From Dutch hier, from Middle Dutch hier, from Old Dutch hier, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r.


er

head

er (plural erre or ers, diminutive erretjie)

erre (plural)
ers (plural)
erretjie (diminutive)

The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.


bid

af-verb

bid (present bid, present participle biddende, past participle gebid)

bid (present)
biddende (participle present)
gebid (participle past)


breed

af-adj

breed (attributive breë, comparative breër, superlative breedste)

breë (attributive)
breër (comparative)
breedste (superlative)

From Dutch breed, from Middle Dutch brêet, from Old Dutch *brēd, from Proto-West Germanic *braid.


bring

af-verb

bring (present bring, present participle bringende, past participle gebring)

bring (present)
bringende (participle present)
gebring (participle past)

From Dutch bringen, a dialectal variant of standard brengen (“to bring”). Both forms were originally distinct, though related, verbs, but were early on conflated.

Bring asseblief hierdie borde kombuis toe.

Please, take these dishes to the kitchen.

(transitive) to take; to lead (to another place)


dig

af-adj

dig (attributive digte, comparative digter, superlative digste)

digte (attributive)
digter (comparative)
digste (superlative)
dig (positive predicative)
digte (attributive positive)
digte (positive singular)
digtes (attributive independent plural positive)
digs (partitive positive)
digter (attributive comparative predicative)
digtere (attributive comparative independent singular)
digteres (attributive comparative independent plural)
digters (comparative partitive)
digste (attributive predicative superlative)
digste (singular superlative)
digstes (attributive independent plural superlative)

From Dutch dicht, from Middle Dutch dicht, from Old Dutch *thīht, from Proto-Germanic *þinhtaz.


dig

af-verb

dig (present dig, present participle digtende, past participle gedig)

dig (present)
digtende (participle present)
gedig (participle past)

From Dutch dichten, from Middle Dutch dichten, from Latin dictō.


drank

head

drank (plural dranke, diminutive drankie)


hang

af-verb

hang (present hang, present participle hangende, past participle gehang)

hang (present)
hangende (participle present)
gehang (participle past)

From Dutch hangen, a merger of Middle Dutch hangen and haen.


lied

head

lied (plural liedere, diminutive liedjie)


met

From Dutch met, from Middle Dutch met, from Old Dutch mit, from Proto-West Germanic *midi, from Proto-Germanic *midi.

Met ons land en met ons nasie.


mal

af-adj

mal (attributive mal, comparative maller, superlative malste)

mal (attributive)
maller (comparative)
malste (superlative)
mal (attributive positive predicative)
malle (attributive independent positive singular)
malles (attributive independent plural positive)
mals (partitive positive)
maller (attributive comparative predicative)
mallere (attributive comparative independent singular)
malleres (attributive comparative independent plural)
mallers (comparative partitive)
malste (attributive predicative superlative)
malste (singular superlative)
malstes (attributive independent plural superlative)


spelling

head

spelling (plural spellings or spellinge)

From Dutch spelling, from Middle Dutch spellinge. Equivalent to spel + -ing.


brief

From Dutch brief, from Middle Dutch brief, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Latin brevis.


sin

sin (plural sinne, diminutive sinnetjie)

From Dutch zin, from Middle Dutch sin, from Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.


put

From Dutch put, from Middle Dutch put, from Old Dutch *putti, from Proto-West Germanic *puti, from Latin puteus.


ring

From Dutch ring, from Middle Dutch rinc, from Old Dutch rinc, from Proto-West Germanic *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz.


sent

From Dutch cent, from English cent or French centime.


set

The name of the Latin-script letter Z/z.


sit

af-verb

sit (present sit, present participle sittende, past participle gesit)

sit (present)
sittende (participle present)
gesit (participle past)

Formally from Dutch zitten (“to sit”), from Frankish *sittjan, from Proto-Germanic *sitjaną. Semantically from a merger of the former and related Dutch zetten (“to set, put”), from Proto-Germanic *satjaną, whence also Afrikaans set (chiefly in compounds). Both Germanic verbs are eventually from Proto-Indo-European *sed-.

Sy sit en sein vir haar dogtertjie.

She is sitting and gesturing to her young daughter.

(intransitive) to sit; to be in a sitting position (usually used with op, binne or in)

Sit asseblief.

(intransitive) to sit; to sit down to move into a sitting position

Ek sit jou sleutels op die tafel.

Ek gaan al my geld in die bank sit.

I am going to deposit all my money in the bank.


stink

stink (present stink, present participle stinkende, past participle gestink)

stink (present)
stinkende (participle present)
gestink (participle past)

From Dutch stinken, from Middle Dutch stinken, from Old Dutch stincan, from Proto-Germanic *stinkwaną.


sweep

From Dutch zweep, from Middle Dutch swepe.


wind

From Dutch wind, from Middle Dutch wint, from Old Dutch wint, from Proto-Germanic *windaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wéh₁n̥ts (“blowing”), present participle of *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”).


wind

wind (present wind, present participle windende, past participle gewind)

wind (present)
windende (participle present)
gewind (participle past)


bitter

af-adj

bitter (attributive bitter or bittere, comparative bitterder, superlative bitterste)

bitter (attributive)
bittere (attributive)
bitterder (comparative)
bitterste (superlative)

From Dutch bitter, from Middle Dutch bitter, from Old Dutch bitter, from Proto-West Germanic *bitr.


by

From Dutch bij, from Middle Dutch bi, from Old Dutch bī.


by

From Dutch bij, from Middle Dutch bie, from Old Dutch *bīa.


vel

head

vel (plural velle, diminutive velletjie)

From Dutch vel, from Middle Dutch vel, from Old Dutch *fel, from Proto-Germanic *fellą, from Proto-Indo-European *pello-, *pelno-.

A membrane, e.g. forming on boiling milk.

A sheet (e.g. of paper; incorrectly used for a page).


vel

af-verb

vel (present vel, present participle vellende, past participle gevel)

vel (present)
vellende (participle present)
gevel (participle past)

From Dutch vellen, from Middle Dutch vellen, from Old Dutch *fellen, from Proto-Germanic *fallijaną.

(transitive, of verdicts, opinions) To decide, to pronounce.


bol

head

bol (plural bolle, diminutive bolletjie)

From Dutch bol, from Middle Dutch bol, bolle, from Old Dutch *bolla, from Proto-West Germanic *bollā, from Proto-Germanic *bullǭ (“round object or vessel, ball, bowl”).


hare

Sy het my hemp aangehad en ek hare.


bied

af-verb

bied (present bied, present participle biedende, past participle gebied)

bied (present)
biedende (participle present)
gebied (participle past)


bieg

(religion) confession of sin to a priest


bieg

bieg (present bieg, present participle biegende, past participle gebieg)

bieg (present)
biegende (participle present)
gebieg (participle past)

to admit or confess, especially about something that is shameful or embarrassing


long

head

long (plural longe, diminutive longetjie)

From Dutch long, from Middle Dutch longe, also longen, longene, from Old Dutch *lungan, *lunganna, from Proto-Germanic *lunganjō.


sand

From Dutch zand, from Middle Dutch sant, from Old Dutch *sant, from Proto-Germanic *samdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *sámh₂dʰos.


lig

af-adj

lig (attributive ligte, comparative ligter, superlative ligste)

ligte (attributive)
ligter (comparative)
ligste (superlative)

From Dutch licht, from Proto-Germanic *linhtaz.

Die tas is lig.

Daar het 'n ligte wind gewaai.


lig

af-verb

lig (present lig, present participle ligtende, past participle gelig)

lig (present)
ligtende (participle present)
gelig (participle past)

From Dutch lichten, derived from etymology 1.


lig

From Dutch licht, from Proto-Germanic *leuhtą (noun) and *leuhtaz (adjective).

Blou lig het die kortste golflengte van die primêre kleure.

Blue light has the shortest wavelength among primary colours.


lig

Hy dra 'n ligblou hemp.

(of color or complexion) light; pale; not dark


lig

From Dutch lichten, from Proto-Germanic *liuhtijaną, derived from etymology 3.

Supernova's is geweldig ligtende uitbarstings van massiewe sterre.

Supernovas are immensely shining explosions of massive stars.


sog

From Dutch zog or zoog, dialectal variants of zeug, from Middle Dutch soge, suege, from Old Dutch *soga, from Proto-West Germanic *sugu.


klok

head

klok (plural klokke, diminutive klokkie)

From Dutch klok, from Middle Dutch clocke, from Old Dutch *klokka, from Old Irish clocc.


klim

af-verb

klim (present klim, present participle klimmende, past participle geklim)

klim (present)
klimmende (participle present)
geklim (participle past)

From Dutch klimmen, from Middle Dutch climmen, from Old Dutch *climban, from Proto-Germanic *klimbaną.


sal

From Dutch zal, singular of zullen, from Middle Dutch sullen, from Old Dutch *sulan, from Proto-West Germanic *skulan, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną.


e

The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.


u

(formal) you (singular, subject and object)


seep

→ Swazi: insipho

→ Xhosa: isepha

→ Zulu: insipho


kolonie

/kʊə̯ˈlʊə̯.ni/

From Dutch kolonie, from Latin colōnia (“colony”).


meer

From Dutch meer, from Middle Dutch mēre, from Old Dutch meri, from Proto-Germanic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.


meer

From Dutch meer, from Middle Dutch mêre, from Old Dutch *mēro, from Proto-West Germanic *maiʀō, from Proto-Germanic *maizô.


peer

From Dutch peer, from Middle Dutch pēre, from Vulgar Latin *pira, from Latin pirum.


teen

From Dutch tegen, from Middle Dutch tegen, tjegen, from te jegen, the latter from Old Dutch gegin, from Proto-Germanic *gagin.


anime

Borrowed from Japanese アニメ (anime), an abbreviation of アニメーション (animēshon), ultimately from English animation.


party

From Dutch partij, from Middle Dutch partie, from Old French partie.

party (group, especially a political one)


plank

head

plank (plural planke, diminutive plankie)

From Dutch plank, from Middle Dutch planke, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Old Northern French planke, from Late Latin planca.


kin

From Dutch kin, from Middle Dutch kinne, from Old Dutch kinni, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus.


hoop

From Dutch hoop, from Middle Dutch hôop, from Old Dutch *hōp, from Proto-Germanic *haupaz.


hoop

From Dutch hoop, from Middle Dutch hope, from Old Dutch *hopa.


hoop

af-verb

hoop (present hoop, present participle hopende, past participle gehoop)

hoop (present)
hopende (participle present)
gehoop (participle past)

From Dutch hopen, from Middle Dutch hōpen, from Old Dutch hopon, from Proto-West Germanic *hopōn.


teken

head

teken (plural tekens, diminutive tekentjie)

From Dutch teken, from Middle Dutch têken, teiken, from Old Dutch *tēkan, *teikan, from Proto-Germanic *taikną. Doublet of teiken (“target, goal”). Cognate with German Zeichen, English token.


teken

af-verb

teken (present teken, present participle tekenende, past participle geteken)

teken (present)
tekenende (participle present)
geteken (participle past)

From Dutch tekenen, from Middle Dutch têkenen, from Old Dutch *tēkanen, from Proto-Germanic *taiknijaną, from etymology 1. Cognate with German zeichnen.


raaf

From Dutch raaf, from Middle Dutch rāve, from older rāven by reanalysis, from Old Dutch ravan, from Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-.


want

From Dutch want, from Middle Dutch want, from Old Dutch wanda, from Proto-Germanic *hwandê.


lekker

af-adj

lekker </b>or (emphatic or archaic)<b> lekkere

lekker (attributive lekker or (emphatic or archaic) lekkere, comparative lekkerder, superlative lekkerste)

lekker (attributive)
lekkere (archaic attributive emphatic)
lekkerder (comparative)
lekkerste (superlative)
lekker (positive predicative)
lekker (attributive positive)
lekkere (attributive positive)
lekkere (attributive independent positive singular)
lekkeres (attributive independent plural positive)
lekkers (partitive positive)
lekkerder (attributive comparative predicative)
lekkerdere (attributive comparative independent singular)
lekkerderes (attributive comparative independent plural)
lekkerders (comparative partitive)
lekkerste (attributive predicative superlative)
lekkerste (singular superlative)
lekkerstes (attributive independent plural superlative)

→ English: lekker

From Dutch lekker, from Middle Dutch lecker, derived from the verb lekken (“lick”). Akin to German lecker.
The noun is a backformation from Dutch lekkers, which is a mass noun derived from the partitive form (as in iets lekkers). In Afrikaans it was reinterpreted as a plural.

Die kos het lekker gesmaak.

having a nice taste, tasty, good, delicious

Lekker tye.

Kyk na daai lekker ding

’n Paar minute nadat die klas gekla het, het die dosent ook nie lekker begin voel nie.

A few minutes after the class complained, the teacher also began to feel unwell.

(chiefly in the negative) Healthy, well, in good health (not afflicted by illness).


lekker

Ons het lekker gespeel.

We played nicely. / We had a great time playing.

good, nice, fun in a more generic sense.

Hy was lekker ingeloop.

He was swindled badly. / He was properly swindled


lekker

Lekker! Jy wou mos!

goody! hah!, used sarcastically to show disapproval, disrespect or contempt


lekker

head

lekker (plural lekkers, diminutive lekkertjie)

lekkers (plural)
lekkertjie (diminutive)


a cappella

Either from Dutch a capella or from English a cappella, ultimately from Italian alla cappella.


bly

af-verb

bly (present bly, present participle blywende, past participle gebly)

bly (present)
blywende (participle present)
gebly (participle past)

From Dutch blijven, from Middle Dutch bliven, from Old Dutch blīvan (“to remain”), from Proto-Germanic *bilībaną (“to remain”).

Ons bly in 'n dorpie by die see.

We live in a small village near the sea.

Hulle bly sit in die motor.

Dat die erwe van ons vadere, vir ons kinders erwe bly.

That the heritage of our fathers, for our children heritage remain.


bly

af-adj

bly (attributive blye, comparative blyer, superlative blyste)

blye (attributive)
blyer (comparative)
blyste (superlative)

From Dutch blij, from Middle Dutch blide, from Old Dutch *blīthi, from Proto-West Germanic *blīþī, from Proto-Germanic *blīþiz.

Ek is baie bly vir jou!


trein

head

trein (plural treine, diminutive treintjie)

From Dutch trein, from Middle French train. Dutch borrowed the modern sense “train” from English train.


Amsterdam

Amsterdam (the capital city of the Netherlands)

Amsterdam (a municipality of North Holland, Netherlands)


hart

From Dutch hart, from Middle Dutch herte, harte, from Old Dutch herta, from Proto-Germanic *hertô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.


naam

From Dutch naam, from Middle Dutch name, from Old Dutch namo, from Proto-Germanic *namô, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥.


Brussels

af-adj

Brussels (attributive Brusselse, not comparable)


luik

From Dutch luik, from Middle Dutch luke.


mond

From Dutch mond, from Middle Dutch mont, from Old Dutch mund, from Proto-Germanic *munþaz.


help

af-verb

help (present help, present participle helpende, past participle gehelp)

help (present)
helpende (participle present)
gehelp (participle past)

From Dutch helpen, from Middle Dutch helpen, from Old Dutch helpan, from Proto-West Germanic *helpan, from Proto-Germanic *helpaną.


vliegtuig

head

vliegtuig (plural vliegtuie, diminutive vliegtuigie)

vliegtuie (plural)
vliegtuigie (diminutive)

From Dutch vliegtuig. Equivalent to vlieg + tuig.


bloed

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-?
Proto-Germanic *blōþą
Proto-West Germanic *blōd
Old Dutch bluot
Middle Dutch bloet
Dutch bloed
Afrikaans bloed
From Dutch bloed, from Middle Dutch bloet, from Old Dutch bluot, from Proto-Germanic *blōþą.


wapen

head

wapen (plural wapens, diminutive wapentjie)

From Dutch wapen, from Middle Dutch wâpen, from Old Dutch wāpan, from Proto-West Germanic *wāpn, from Proto-Germanic *wēpną.


ham

ham (plural hamme, diminutive hammetjie)

Inherited from Dutch ham, from Middle Dutch hamme, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *hammō, from Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”).

ham (cured pork from the thigh of a swine)


jag

af-verb

jag (present jag, present participle jagtende, past participle gejag)

jag (present)
jagtende (participle present)
gejag (participle past)


dame

head

dame (plural dames, diminutive dametjie)

From Dutch dame, from Middle Dutch dame, from Middle French dame, from Old French dame, from Latin domina.


elf

From Dutch elf, from Middle Dutch ellef, elf, from Old Dutch *ellef, from Proto-Germanic *ainalif.


boek

From Dutch boek, from Middle Dutch boec, from Old Dutch buoc, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.


Madrid

Inherited from Dutch Madrid, from Spanish Madrid.


rook

Inherited from Dutch rook (“smoke”), from Middle Dutch rôoc, from Old Dutch *rōk, from Proto-Germanic *raukiz.


rook

af-verb

rook (present rook, present participle rokende, past participle gerook)

rook (present)
rokende (participle present)
gerook (participle past)

Inherited from Dutch roken (“to smoke”).

(intransitive, transitive) to smoke (a tobacco product or surrogate)


chaos

From Dutch chaos, from Middle Dutch caos, from Latin chaos, from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos).


appel

head

appel (plural appels, diminutive appeltjie)

→ Xhosa: i-apile

From Dutch appel, from Middle Dutch appel, from Old Dutch *appel, from Proto-West Germanic *applu, from Proto-Germanic *aplaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl.


steen

steen (plural stene, diminutive steentjie)

→ Sotho: setene

→ Southern Ndebele: isitina

→ Zulu: isitini

Fanagalo: stin

From Dutch steen, from Middle Dutch stêen, from Old Dutch stēn, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz.


dag

From Dutch dag (“day”), from Middle Dutch dach, from Old Dutch dag, from Proto-Germanic *dagaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn, to be illuminated”). Cognate with German Tag.


dag

From Dutch dag, shortening of goedendag (“goodday; goodbye”), from goed (“goed, pleasant”) + dag (“day”).


dam

From Dutch dam, from Middle Dutch dam, from Old Dutch dam, from Proto-Germanic *dammaz.


dal

From Middle Dutch dal, from Old Dutch dal, from Proto-West Germanic *dal (“valley, dale”).


platinum

af-adj

platinum (attributive platinum, not comparable)


se

From Dutch zijn, z'n (“his, its”). An Afrikaans innovation is the use of se regardless of the number or gender of the possessor, which may be due to a merger with the Dutch genitive suffix -s as well as, perhaps, the adjective suffix -s, -sch.

Hierdie is my ouma se huis.

follows a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's


pers

pers (attributive pers, comparative perser, superlative perste)

pers (attributive)
perser (comparative)
perste (superlative)
pers (attributive positive predicative)
perse (attributive independent positive singular)
perses (attributive independent plural positive)
pers (partitive positive)
perser (attributive comparative predicative)
persere (attributive comparative independent singular)
perseres (attributive comparative independent plural)
persers (comparative partitive)
perste (attributive predicative superlative)
perste (singular superlative)
perstes (attributive independent plural superlative)

From an older variant of Dutch paars, from Middle Dutch paers, peers, pers (“purple”), from Middle French pers (“blue-grey, dark violet”), from Medieval Latin persus, persum (“dark blue”). Possibly derived from either Latin Persae (“Persians”), Persia (“Persia”), referring to the colour of a garment, or from Late Latin persica (“peach”), referring to the colour of peach blossom.


pers

af-verb

pers (present pers, present participle persende, past participle gepers)

pers (present)
persende (participle present)
gepers (participle past)

From Dutch persen, from Middle Dutch persen.


pers

From Dutch pers, from Middle Dutch perse.


vat

vat (present vat, present participle vattende, past participle gevat)

vat (present)
vattende (participle present)
gevat (participle past)


dy

From Dutch dij, from Middle Dutch die, from Old Dutch *thio, from Proto-Germanic *þeuhą.


es

From Dutch est, variant of eest, from Middle Dutch eeste (also este).


parlement

From Dutch parlement, from Middle Dutch parlement, from Old French parlement.


twee

From Dutch twee, from Middle Dutch twee, twe, from Old Dutch twē, neuter form of twēne, from Proto-West Germanic *twai-, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.


drie

From Dutch drie, from Middle Dutch dri, drie, from Old Dutch *thrie, from Proto-Germanic *þrīz, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


vier

From Dutch vier, from Middle Dutch vier, from Old Dutch viuwar, vier, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr, the neuter form of *kʷetwóres.


tien

From Dutch tien, from Middle Dutch tien, from Old Dutch tēn, *tien, from Proto-Germanic *tehun, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥.


twaalf

From Dutch twaalf, from Middle Dutch twelef, tweelf, also twalef, twaelf, from Old Dutch *twelif, *twalif, from Proto-Germanic *twalif.


dertien

From Dutch dertien, from Middle Dutch dertene, dertiene, from Old Dutch *thritēn, *thritien, from Proto-Germanic *þritehun.


veertien

From Dutch veertien, from Middle Dutch viertien, veertien, from Old Dutch *viurtēn, *viurtien, from Proto-Germanic *fedurtehun.


negentien

From Dutch negentien, from Middle Dutch neghentien, from Old Dutch *niguntēn, *niguntien, from Proto-Germanic *newuntehun.


twintig

From Dutch twintig, from Middle Dutch twintich, twintech, from Old Dutch *twēntig, from Proto-Germanic *twaintigaz, *twai tigiwiz.


mus

From Dutch muts, from Middle Dutch mutse.


orgaan

head

orgaan (plural organe, diminutive orgaantjie)

From Dutch orgaan, from Middle Dutch organe, from Latin organum, from Ancient Greek ὄργανον (órganon).


lief

af-adj

lief (attributive liefe, comparative liefer, superlative liefste)

liefe (attributive)
liefer (comparative)
liefste (superlative)

From Dutch lief, from Middle Dutch lief, from Old Dutch *liof, from Proto-Germanic *leubaz, from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-.


lief

one's beloved in a romantic relationship, i.e. a boyfriend or girlfriend


baba

af-verb

baba (present baba, present participle babaende, past participle gebaba)

baba (present)
babaende (participle present)
gebaba (participle past)


das

From Dutch das, from Middle Dutch das, from Old Dutch *thas, from Proto-Germanic *þahsuz.


dok

dok (present dok, present participle dokkende, past participle gedok)

dok (present)
dokkende (participle present)
gedok (participle past)


restaurant

head

restaurant (plural restaurante or restaurants, diminutive restaurantjie)

restaurante (plural)
restaurants (plural)
restaurantjie (diminutive)

From Dutch restaurant, from French restaurant.


ons

From Dutch ons, from Middle Dutch ons, from Old Dutch uns, from Proto-Germanic *uns, *unsiz.

Ons is ’n familie.


ons

From Dutch ons, inflected onze, from Middle Dutch onse, from Old Dutch *unsa, from Proto-Germanic *unseraz.


ons

From Dutch ons, from Middle Dutch unce, from Latin uncia.


bang

af-adj

bang (attributive bange, comparative banger, superlative bangste)

bange (attributive)
banger (comparative)
bangste (superlative)

From Dutch bang (“afraid”), from Middle Dutch banghe.


Algiers

Algiers (the capital and largest city of Algeria)


Algiers

Algiers (attributive Algierse, not comparable)

of, from, or pertaining to the Algerian city Algiers or its inhabitants


bar

head

bar (attributive barre, comparative barder, superlative barste)

barre (attributive)
barder (comparative)
barste (superlative)


Jerusalem

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Manila

Manila (the capital city of the Philippines; regional capital of Metro Manila, in the island of Luzon)


Oslo

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital city of Norway)


Rome

Inherited from Dutch Rome, from Middle Dutch rome.

Rome (a city, the ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of Italy; capital city of the region of Lazio).

Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)


Johannesburg

Johannesburg (the capital city of Gauteng, South Africa)


Tirana

Tirana (a municipality, the capital and largest city of Albania, located in the center of the country west of the mountain of Dajti on the plain of Tirana; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality)


Tunis

Tunis (The capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia)


Wellington

Wellington (a town in Western Cape, South Africa)

Wellington (the capital city of New Zealand)


koper

From Dutch koper, from Middle Dutch coper, ultimately from Latin cuprum.


papier

papier (plural papiere, diminutive papiertjie)

papiere (plural)
papiertjie (diminutive)

→ Kwanyama: ombapila


Israeli

Israeli (plural Israeli's, diminutive Israeli'tjie)

Israeli's (plural)
Israeli'tjie (diminutive)

Israeli (person from Israel or of Israeli descent)


sel

From Dutch cel, from Middle Dutch celle, from Latin cella.

cell (small room, especially in a jail or prison)


wat

From Dutch wat, from Middle Dutch wat, from Old Dutch wat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód, *kʷod.

Wat het julle gedrink?

die man wat hier woon

die huis wat ons gebou het

(relative, personal and non-personal, subject and object) who, whom, which, that

personal and non-personal; subject and object; personal and non-personal; subject and object

die meisie wat ek mee gedans het

die maatskappy wat ek voor gewerk het

(relative, personal and non-personal, with preposition stranding) who, which, that

die land wat se president afgetree het

the country whose president stepped down

(relative, non-personal, before se) whose, of which


enkel

af-adj

enkel (attributive enkele or enkel, not comparable)

enkele (attributive)
enkel (attributive)

From Dutch enkel, from Middle Dutch enkel.


enkel

head

enkel (plural enkels, diminutive enkeltjie)

From Dutch enkel, from Middle Dutch enkel, ankel, from Old Dutch *enkal, *ankal, from Proto-Germanic *ankulaz.


Liechtensteiner

Liechtensteiner (plural Liechtensteiners, diminutive Liechtensteinertjie)

Liechtensteiners (plural)
Liechtensteinertjie (diminutive)

Liechtensteiner (a person from Liechtenstein or of Liechtenstein descent)


brood

From Dutch brood, from Middle Dutch brôot, from Old Dutch *brōt, from Proto-Germanic *braudą.


Somali

Synonym of Somaliër (“Somali, person from Somalia”)


kim

From Dutch kim, from Middle Dutch kimme.


bont

af-adj

bont (attributive bont, comparative bonter, superlative bontste)

bont (attributive)
bonter (comparative)
bontste (superlative)
bont (attributive positive predicative)
bonte (attributive independent positive singular)
bontes (attributive independent plural positive)
bonts (partitive positive)
bonter (attributive comparative predicative)
bontere (attributive comparative independent singular)
bonteres (attributive comparative independent plural)
bonters (comparative partitive)
bontste (attributive predicative superlative)
bontste (singular superlative)
bontstes (attributive independent plural superlative)

motley, pied, especially in black-and-white


Nederlands

Nederlands (attributive Nederlandse, not comparable)

Inherited from Dutch Nederlands, equivalent to Nederland + -s.

(relational) of the Netherlands; Dutch, Netherlandish

(relational) of the Dutch language; Dutch


los

af-verb

los (present los, present participle losende, past participle gelos)

los (present)
losende (participle present)
gelos (participle past)


land

From Dutch land, from Old Dutch lant, from Proto-Germanic *landą, from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“land, heath”).


lip

From Dutch lip, from Middle Dutch leppe, with influence of Middle Low German lippe, from Old Dutch leppa, from Proto-West Germanic *lippjō.

Die slang het in my lip gebyt!


dassie

→ English: dassie

das + -ie.
diminutive of das (“badger; hyrax”).


steel

af-verb

gesteel </b>or (adjectivally, dated)<b> gestole

steel (present steel, present participle stelende, past participle gesteel or (adjectivally, dated) gestole)

steel (present)
stelende (participle present)
gesteel (participle past)
gestole (dated participle past)

From Dutch stelen, from Middle Dutch stelen.


dons

From Dutch dons, from Middle Dutch donst.

Down, small bird feathers used as insulation material.


dis

Contraction of dit is (this's, that's, it's)


hamer

head

hamer (plural hamers, diminutive hamertjie)

From Dutch hamer, from Middle Dutch hāmer, from Old Dutch *hamar, from Proto-Germanic *hamaraz.

(anatomy) hammer, malleus; largest ossicle in the middle ear

a hammer in the firing mechanism of a firearm

(sports) a hammer; heavy ball on a length of wire, used for throwing

(music) a hammer; part of a piano, dulcimer and similar instruments which strikes the string


hamer

af-verb

hamer (present hamer, present participle hamerende, past participle gehamer)

hamer (present)
hamerende (participle present)
gehamer (participle past)


Skopje

Skopje (the capital city of North Macedonia)


Vaduz

Vaduz (a town and municipality, the capital of Liechtenstein)


dans

dans (present dans, present participle dans, past participle gedans)

dans (present)
dans (participle present)
gedans (participle past)

Sal jy met my dans?

2016, “Sal Jy Met My Dans”, in Sal Jy Met My Dans?, performed by Kurt Darren, South Africa:


Duits

af-adj

Duits (attributive Duitse, not comparable)

From Dutch Duits, from Middle Dutch duutsch, a Northern variant of dietsch, both from Old Dutch *thiudisc, from Proto-West Germanic *þiudisk, from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz, from *þeudō (“people, nation”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂ (“people”).

German (of, from, or pertaining to Germany, the German people or the German language)


mug

→ English: muggie

From Dutch mug, from Middle Dutch mugge.

(chiefly diminutive) mosquito (insect, elongated fly)


staat

af-verb

staat (present staat, present participle staande, past participle gestaat)

staat (present)
staande (participle present)
gestaat (participle past)

From Dutch staat, third-person singular present of staan, whence Afrikaans staan.

(Cape Afrikaans) Alternative form of staan


ink

ink (present ink, present participle inkende, past participle geïnk)

ink (present)
inkende (participle present)
geïnk (participle past)


aal

From Dutch aal, from Middle Dutch âel, from Old Dutch *āl, from Proto-Germanic *ēlaz.

Ale het wye koppe.

Anguilla anguilla
Anguilla anguilla#Translingual


blad

head

blad (plural blaaie, diminutive blaadjie)


paar

af-verb

paar (present paar, present participle parende, past participle gepaar)

paar (present)
parende (participle present)
gepaar (participle past)


saal

From Dutch zaal, from Middle Dutch sale, from Old Dutch sala.

Die museum beskik oor drie sale.


saal

From dialectal Dutch zaal, from zadel with loss of intervocalic -d-, from Middle Dutch sadel, from Old Dutch *sadul, from Proto-Germanic *sadulaz.

Baie ou volke het geen saals gebruik nie.

Many ancient peoples did not use saddles.


wen

wen (present wen, present participle wennende, past participle gewen)

wen (present)
wennende (participle present)
gewen (participle past)

From Dutch winnen, from Middle Dutch winnen, from Old Dutch winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”).


vir

From Dutch voor (“for; before”) or rather the dialectal variant veur (compare deur with Dutch door). The Afrikaans distinction between vir (“for”) and voor (“before”) may have been influenced by corresponding German für and vor.

Dit is vir jou!

Sy roep vir haar sussie.

Amen, sê ek vir julle.

Die ou man het gesein vir die motorbestuurder.

The old man signalled to the car driver.

Used to indicate the addressee of a communicative act.

Die vrou moer vir die inbreker toe met 'n hamer.

The woman then whacked the burglar with a hammer.


berg

→ English: berg


berg

af-verb

berg (present berg, present participle bergende, past participle geberg)

berg (present)
bergende (participle present)
geberg (participle past)


kleur

head

kleur (plural kleure, diminutive kleurtjie)

From Dutch kleur, from late Middle Dutch coleur, from French couleur, from Latin color.


kleur

af-verb

kleur (present kleur, present participle kleurende, past participle gekleur)

kleur (present)
kleurende (participle present)
gekleur (participle past)

(photography, cinematography) to colorize, to colourise


Phnom Penh

Phnom Penh (the capital city of Cambodia)


wag

From Dutch wacht, from Middle Dutch wachte, from Old Dutch wahta (“watch, sentry, guard”), from Proto-Germanic *wahtwō (“watch, vigil”).


wag

af-verb

wag (present wag, present participle wagtende, past participle gewag)

wag (present)
wagtende (participle present)
gewag (participle past)

From Dutch wachten, from Middle Dutch wachten (“to watch, guard, keep watch, wait”), from Old Dutch *wahton, derived from wahta.


nie

From Dutch niet, nie, from Middle Dutch niwet, niet, from Old Dutch *niowiht, niewiht.

Hy kan nie Afrikaans praat nie.
He can't speak Afrikaans.


rand

From Dutch rand, from Middle Dutch rant, from Old Dutch *rant, from Proto-Germanic *randaz.


nee

From Dutch nee, from Middle Dutch neen, nee, from Old Dutch *nēn.


ja

→ English: ja

→ Portuguese: iá, yá, ya


jy

From Dutch jij (which see), from Middle Dutch ji, northern form of gi.

Sal jy met my dans?


vy

Backformation from vye, plural of vyg, from Dutch vijg.


beet

From Dutch beet, variant of biet, from Middle Dutch bete, from Latin bēta.


wit

af-adj

wit (attributive wit, comparative witter, superlative witste)

wit (attributive)
witter (comparative)
witste (superlative)
wit (attributive positive predicative)
witte (attributive independent positive singular)
wittes (attributive independent plural positive)
wits (partitive positive)
witter (attributive comparative predicative)
wittere (attributive comparative independent singular)
witteres (attributive comparative independent plural)
witters (comparative partitive)
witste (attributive predicative superlative)
witste (singular superlative)
witstes (attributive independent plural superlative)

From Dutch wit, from Middle Dutch wit, from Old Dutch *wit, from Proto-Germanic *hwittaz.


vos

Inherited from Dutch vos, from Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.


leer

af-verb

leer (present leer, present participle lerende, past participle geleer)

leer (present)
lerende (participle present)
geleer (participle past)

From Dutch leren, from Middle Dutch lêren, from Old Dutch lēren, from Proto-Germanic *laizijaną.


leer

From Dutch leer, from Middle Dutch lêre, from Old Dutch lēra, from Proto-Germanic *laizō.


leer

From Dutch leer, from older leder, from Middle Dutch lēder, from Old Dutch *lether, from Proto-Germanic *leþrą.


leer

→ Sotho: lere

→ Xhosa: ileli

From Dutch leer (dialectal synonym of ladder), from Middle Dutch leer.


moor

moor (present moor, present participle moordende or (rare) morende, past participle gemoor)

moor (present)
moordende (participle present)
morende (participle present rare)
gemoor (participle past)

From Dutch moorden, from Middle Dutch morden, from Proto-Germanic *murþijaną. The lacking -d can be explained either phonetically or morphologically. The first would mean reduction of originally intervocalic rd (as in pêre, informal plural of perd). The second would mean backformation at a time when various verb forms of the present and past took the prefixes -t, -d, -de (now still in die vermoorde (“the murder victim”)).


trap

head

trap (plural trappe, diminutive trappie)


tor

From Dutch tor, from Middle Dutch torre. Compare the probably cognate Germanic etymology of English dor.


ken

From Dutch kin, from Middle Dutch kinne, from Old Dutch kinni, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus.


ken

af-verb

ken (present ken, present participle kennende, past participle geken)

ken (present)
kennende (participle present)
geken (participle past)

(transitive) To know (a person, a thing), be acquainted with


bom

head

bom (plural bomme, diminutive bommetjie)

(figurative) bombshell (something sensational, amazing or controversial)


bok

→ Xhosa: ibhokhwe

From Dutch bok (“buck, male goat”), from Middle Dutch boc, from Old Dutch buc, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz.


bok

af-adj

bok (attributive bokke, comparative bokker, superlative bokste)

bokke (attributive)
bokker (comparative)
bokste (superlative)


mos

From Dutch mos, from Proto-Germanic *musą.


mos

must (unfermented or partially fermented grape juice)


bos

Inherited from Dutch bos, from Middle Dutch bosch, from Old Dutch *busc, from Proto-West Germanic *busk, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz.

etymon

Hy het vir my 'n bossie blomme gegee.


reus

From Dutch reus, from Middle Dutch ruese, from Old Dutch *riso, *risi, from Proto-Germanic *risiz (“giant”).


huil

af-verb

huil (present huil, present participle huilende, past participle gehuil)

huil (present)
huilende (participle present)
gehuil (participle past)


tik

tik (present tik, present participle tikkende, past participle getik)

tik (present)
tikkende (participle present)
getik (participle past)

(Cape Afrikaans, intransitive) to use crystal meth


tik

(Cape Afrikaans, uncountable) crystal meth


dik

af-adj

dik (attributive dik, comparative dikker, superlative dikste)

dik (attributive)
dikker (comparative)
dikste (superlative)
dik (attributive positive predicative)
dikke (attributive independent positive singular)
dikkes (attributive independent plural positive)
diks (partitive positive)
dikker (attributive comparative predicative)
dikkere (attributive comparative independent singular)
dikkeres (attributive comparative independent plural)
dikkers (comparative partitive)
dikste (attributive predicative superlative)
dikste (singular superlative)
dikstes (attributive independent plural superlative)

From Dutch dik, from Middle Dutch dicke, from Old Dutch *thikki, from Proto-Germanic *þekuz.

dense, viscous or thick when referring to a liquid or gaseous mass, such as mist


mik

af-verb

mik (present mik, present participle mikkende, past participle gemik)

mik (present)
mikkende (participle present)
gemik (participle past)

From Dutch mikken, from Middle Dutch micken, from Old Dutch *mikken, from Proto-Germanic *mikjaną.

1980, "Herinneringe van Genl Christiaan Ludolph de Wet du Toit DSO.", part 1, Militaria, vol. 10, issue 2, page 18.
Eensklaps tref 'n kartets die grond langs ons, vermoedelik gemik na die pantserkar voor.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

(intransitive, transitive) to aim, to target


mik

Die pophuis in die een hoek was LizeMari se geskenk op haar sesde verjaarsdag, en die boomhuis in die groot mik van die akkerboom het hy vir hulle gebou toe Kara hoërskool toe is.

2016, Alma Carstens, Ver anderkant Wiesenhof:

Sy, wat 'n paar uur tevore in die nag nog met 'n gulsige, nat mond oor haar bene en tot in haar mik gesoen het.

1997, Johann de Lange, editor, Soort soek soort. 'n Versameling alternatiewe ervarings, page 127:


weg

From Dutch weg, from Middle Dutch wech, from Old Dutch weh, weg, from Proto-Germanic *wegaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-.


riet

From Dutch riet, from Middle Dutch riet, from Old Dutch riet, ried, *riod, from Proto-West Germanic *hreud (“reed”).


neus

From Dutch neus, from Middle Dutch nose, nuese, from Old Dutch *nosa, from Proto-West Germanic *nosu.


haas

From Dutch haas, from Middle Dutch hāse, from Old Dutch *haso, from Proto-Germanic *hasô.


eend

From Dutch eend, from Middle Dutch ent, eent, from Old Dutch ened, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂t-.


gaat

gaat (present gaat, present participle gaande, past participle gegaat)

gaat (present)
gaande (participle present)
gegaat (participle past)

From Dutch gaat, third-person singular present of gaan, whence Afrikaans gaan.

(Cape Afrikaans) Alternative form of gaan


eet

eet (present eet, present participle etend, past participle geëet)

eet (present)
etend (participle present)
geëet (participle past)


kom

kom (present kom, present participle komende, past participle gekom)

kom (present)
komende (participle present)
gekom (participle past)


kom

head

kom (plural komme, diminutive kommetjie)

→ Swazi: inkomishi

→ Zulu: inkomishi

Fanagalo: lo kom

From Dutch kom, from Middle Dutch comme.


oom

From Dutch oom, from Middle Dutch oom, from Old Dutch *ōm, from Proto-Germanic *awahaimaz (“maternal uncle”).


ook

From Dutch ook, from Middle Dutch ôoc, from Old Dutch ōk, ouk, from Proto-West Germanic *auk, from Proto-Germanic *auk.


oor

From Dutch oor (“ear”), from Middle Dutch ore, from Old Dutch ōra, from the voiced Verner alternant of Proto-Germanic *ausô, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ows-.


oor

From Dutch over, from Middle Dutch over, from Old Dutch *ovar, from Proto-Germanic *uber, from Proto-Indo-European *upér, from *upo.


oog

From Dutch oog, from Middle Dutch oge, from Old Dutch ōga, ouga, from Proto-Germanic *augô, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”).


voor

From Dutch voor, from Middle Dutch vore, voor, from Old Dutch fora, fore, from Proto-Germanic *furai.


voor

From Dutch voor, from Proto-Germanic *furhs.


boor

From Dutch boor, from Middle Dutch bore.


boor

af-verb

boor (present boor, present participle borende, past participle geboor)

boor (present)
borende (participle present)
geboor (participle past)


duur

af-adj

duur (attributive duur or (seldom) dure, comparative duurder, superlative duurste)

duur (attributive)
dure (attributive)
duurder (comparative)
duurste (superlative)
duur (positive predicative)
duur (attributive positive)
dure (attributive positive)
dure (attributive independent positive singular)
dures (attributive independent plural positive)
duurs (partitive positive)
duurder (attributive comparative predicative)
duurdere (attributive comparative independent singular)
duurderes (attributive comparative independent plural)
duurders (comparative partitive)
duurste (attributive predicative superlative)
duurste (singular superlative)
duurstes (attributive independent plural superlative)

→ Fwe: dùrà

→ Kalanga: tura

→ Shona: -dhura

→ Chichewa: -dula

→ Xhosa: -duru


kaas

→ Sotho: kase

→ Tswana: kase

From Dutch kaas, from Middle Dutch câse, from Old Dutch *kāsi, from Proto-West Germanic *kāsī, borrowed from Latin cāseus.


baas

→ English: baas

Inherited from Dutch baas (“boss”), from Middle Dutch baes (“master of a household, friend”), from Old Dutch *baso (“uncle, kinsman”), from Proto-West Germanic *baswō, from Proto-Germanic *baswô.


jas

→ Lozi: jansi

→ Yeyi: újànsí

→ Southern Ndebele: ijasi

→ Swazi: lijazi

→ Xhosa: idyasi

→ Zulu: ijazi


heilig

af-adj

heilig (attributive heilige, comparative heiliger, superlative heiligste)

heilige (attributive)
heiliger (comparative)
heiligste (superlative)

From Dutch heilig, from Middle Dutch heilich, from Old Dutch heilig, from Proto-West Germanic *hailag, from Proto-Germanic *hailagaz. Equivalent to heil (“salvation”) + -ig (“-y”).


heilig

af-verb

heilig (present heilig, present participle heiligende, past participle geheilig)

heilig (present)
heiligende (participle present)
geheilig (participle past)

From Dutch heiligen, from Middle Dutch heiligen, from Old Dutch *hēlagon, *heiligon, from Proto-Germanic *hailagōną.

Laat u naam geheilig word.


stol

stol (present stol, present participle stollende, past participle gestol)

stol (present)
stollende (participle present)
gestol (participle past)

(intransitive) to solidify, to congeal, to coagulate


adder

head

adder (plural adders, diminutive addertjie)

From Dutch adder, from Middle Dutch adder, adre, misdivison of nadder, nadre, from Old Dutch *nadra, from Proto-Germanic *nadrǭ.


meerkat

desctree

→ English: meerkat, meercat, mierkat
→ Japanese: ミーアキャット (mīakyatto)
→ Korean: 미어캣 (mieokaet)
→ Thai: เมียร์แคต (miia-kɛ́t)

From Dutch meerkat (“guenon”), from Middle Dutch meercatte.


belus

af-adj

belus (attributive beluste, not comparable)

From Dutch belust. Equivalent to be- + lus.

eager, desiring, craving [with op ‘for, to’]


nou

nou (attributive nou or noue, comparative nouer, superlative nouste)

nou (attributive)
noue (attributive)
nouer (comparative)
nouste (superlative)
nou (positive predicative)
nou (attributive positive)
noue (attributive positive)
noue (attributive independent positive singular)
noues (attributive independent plural positive)
nous (partitive positive)
nouer (attributive comparative predicative)
nouere (attributive comparative independent singular)
noueres (attributive comparative independent plural)
nouers (comparative partitive)
nouste (attributive predicative superlative)
nouste (singular superlative)
noustes (attributive independent plural superlative)

From Dutch nauw, from Middle Dutch nauwe, from Proto-Germanic *hnawwaz.


film

From Dutch film, from English film, or borrowed from English film.


apart

apart (attributive aparte, comparative aparter, superlative apartste)

aparte (attributive)
aparter (comparative)
apartste (superlative)

From Dutch apart, from Middle French a part.


tee

From Dutch thee (in the past commonly spelled tee).

Kom ons gaan drink tee.


massa

From Dutch massa, from Middle Dutch masse, from Old French masse, from Latin massa, from Ancient Greek μᾶζα (mâza).


Bloemfontein

From Dutch Bloemfontein; equivalent to blom + fontein.

Bloemfontein (the judicial capital of South Africa)


Duitser

head

Duitser (plural Duitsers, diminutive Duitsertjie)

Duitsers (plural)
Duitsertjie (diminutive)

From Dutch Duitser, equivalent to Duits + -er.

German (person from Germay or of German descent)


Spaans

af-adj

Spaans (attributive Spaanse, not comparable)

Inherited from Dutch Spaans, equivalent to Spanje + -s

Spanish (of, from, or pertaining to Spain, the Spanish people or the Spanish language)


Griek

head

Griek (plural Grieke, diminutive Griekie)

Greek (person from Greece or of Greek descent)


Engels

af-adj

Engels (attributive Engelse, not comparable)


deur

head

deur (plural deure, diminutive deurtjie)

From Dutch deur, from Middle Dutch dōre, duere, from Old Dutch duri, from Proto-Germanic *durz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer-.


deur

From Dutch door, from Middle Dutch dōre, from Old Dutch thuro, from Proto-Germanic *þurhw.


bier

bier (plural biere, diminutive biertjie)

From Dutch bier, from Middle Dutch bier, from Old Dutch bier, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą (“beer”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰews- (“dross”).

beer (alcoholic drink brewed from grains or other starch material)


Japans

af-adj

Japans (attributive Japanse, not comparable)

Inherited from Dutch Japans, equivalent to Japan + -s.

Japanese (of, from, or pertaining to Japan, the Japanese people or the Japanese language)


slaan

af-verb

slaan (present slaan, present participle slaande, past participle geslaan)

slaan (present)
slaande (participle present)
geslaan (participle past)


stuk

head

stuk (plural stukke, diminutive stukkie)


lok

af-verb

lok (present lok, present participle lokkende, past participle gelok)

lok (present)
lokkende (participle present)
gelok (participle past)

From Dutch lokken, from Middle Dutch locken, from Old Dutch loccon, from Proto-Germanic *lukkōną.


lok

From Dutch lok, from Middle Dutch locke.


Italiaans

af-adj

Italiaans (attributive Italiaanse, not comparable)

Italian (of, from, or pertaining to Italy, the Italian people or the Italian language)


aarde

head

aarde (plural aardes, diminutive aardetjie)

From Dutch aarde, from Middle Dutch āerde, from Old Dutch ertha, from Proto-Germanic *erþō.

Die sterre van sij stelsel het miskien ook eenmaal gebrand en hulle eie lig uitgegee, maar vandag is hulle morsdood en koud, net soos ons ou aarde.

1917, Christiaan Louis Leipoldt, Praatjies met die Kinders, page 115:

The stars of its system have perhaps once burned and emitted their own light as well, but today they are stone-dead and cold, just like our old Earth.

Koning Leeu belê 'n groot bosberaad, en hulle besluit eenparig om al die riviere op te dam sodat die water oor die aarde stoot en die ganse mensgeslag verdrink.

1990, Tydskrif vir volkskunde en volkstaal, page 6:

King Lion convokes a large forest council, and they decide unanimously to dam all the rivers so that the water crashes over the Earth and the entire human race drowns.

Veral in die dae van Mundt, die vooruitstrewende boer wat twee tuiniers uit Duitsland ingevoer het, is die vrugteboord oor 'n groot lap aarde uitgebrei.

1976, Tydskrif vir volkskunde en volkstaal, volume 32, page 11:

In the days of Mundt in particular, that forward-thinking farmer who brought two market-gardeners from Germany over, the orchard expanded over a large tract of ground.


groen

af-adj

groen (attributive groen, comparative groener, superlative groenste)

groen (attributive)
groener (comparative)
groenste (superlative)
groen (attributive positive predicative)
groene (attributive independent positive singular)
groenes (attributive independent plural positive)
groens (partitive positive)
groener (attributive comparative predicative)
groenere (attributive comparative independent singular)
groeneres (attributive comparative independent plural)
groeners (comparative partitive)
groenste (attributive predicative superlative)
groenste (singular superlative)
groenstes (attributive independent plural superlative)

From Dutch groen, from Middle Dutch groene, from Old Dutch *gruoni, from Proto-West Germanic *grōnī, from Proto-Germanic *grōniz.


dier

From Dutch dier, from Middle Dutch dier, from Old Dutch *dior, from Proto-West Germanic *deuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *deuzą, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewsóm.


Bratislava

Bratislava (the capital city of Slovakia)


eg

eg (attributive egte, comparative egter, superlative egste)

egte (attributive)
egter (comparative)
egste (superlative)


eg

Potjiekos is 'n verwysing na 'n eg Suid-Afrikaanse kooktegniek

Emphasizes the authenticity of the modified adjective


eg

af-verb

eg (present eg, present participle eggende, past participle geëg)

eg (present)
eggende (participle present)
geëg (participle past)

to harrow; to work the land with a harrow


George

Named after George III of the United Kingdom.

named-after

George (a city in Western Cape, South Africa)


tier

From a dialectal form or pronunciation of Dutch tijger, from Middle Dutch tiger.


hobo

head

hobo (plural hobo's, diminutive hobootjie)


pap

→ Sotho: papa

→ Zulu: í-pápa

From Dutch pap, from Middle Dutch pappe.


Bern

Bern (the capital city of Switzerland; capital city of Bern canton)


wie

Wie het jou gesien?

(Vir) wie het jy gesien?

(interrogative, personal) who, whom (object use predominantly with vir)

die man met wie ek gespreek het

(relative, personal, after prepositions) whom

die man wie se vrou dood is


outa

Said to be a blend of Afrikaans oud (“old”) and Sotho ntate (“father”).


wonder

wonder (plural wondere or wonders, diminutive wondertjie)

wondere (plural)
wonders (plural)
wondertjie (diminutive)


wonder

af-verb

wonder (present wonder, present participle wonderende, past participle gewonder)

wonder (present)
wonderende (participle present)
gewonder (participle past)

Formally from Dutch wonderen (“to surprise, take aback”). The intransitive construction has certain antetypes in older Dutch and could also have developed in Afrikaans on its own, but at least the weakening of the sense must be influenced by English wonder.

inh

Ek het gewonder wat ek moet sê.

to wonder (be uncertain, ponder, ask oneself)


beef

af-verb

beef (present beef, present participle bewende, past participle gebeef)

beef (present)
bewende (participle present)
gebeef (participle past)


tong

From Dutch tong, from Middle Dutch tonge, from Old Dutch tunga, from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.


rok

→ Sotho: roko

→ Xhosa: ilokhwe

From Dutch rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.


ek

From Dutch ik, from Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂om (“I”).

Hy het na my geskop, maar ek het dit verwag en het vinnig my been gelig en dwars gedraai.

1976, Tydskrif vir Letterkunde, page 19:

He kicked towards me, but I expected this and quickly lifted my leg and turned it sidewards.

1994, in Annemarié Van Niekerk, Vrouevertellers. 1843-1993, Tafelberg-Uitgewers (publ.), page 308.
"[…] Ek is jou vader. Ek sal jou doodslaan as jy nie luister nie!"

" […] I am your father. I shall beat you to death if you do not listen!"

2011, Kashiefa, Sedick, Zakeer & Sedeeqa Jacobs, "Die pad is toe", in No Land! No House! No Vote! Voices from Symphony Way, Pambazuka Press (publ.), page 132.
Ek het nog nooit 'n huis gehad nie, my ouers het ook nog nooit een besit nie

I have never owned a house, my parents also have never possessed one either.


patron

(uncommon) patron; wealthy person who supports an artist, craftsman, a scholar, etc.

(uncommon, Roman Catholicism) patron saint


seis

From Dutch zeis, from Middle Dutch seise, from older seisene, from Proto-West Germanic *segisnu.


hol

head

hol (plural holle, diminutive holletjie)

From Dutch hol, from Middle Dutch hol, from Old Dutch *hol, from Proto-Germanic *hulą.


hol

af-adj

hol (attributive hol, comparative holler, superlative holste)

hol (attributive)
holler (comparative)
holste (superlative)


gaan

af-verb

gaan (present gaan, present participle gaande, past participle gegaan)

gaan (present)
gaande (participle present)
gegaan (participle past)

From Dutch gaan, from Middle Dutch gâen, from Old Dutch gān, from a fusion of Proto-Germanic *gāną and *ganganą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁-, *ǵʰengʰ-.

Used to express the future tense, often while implying nearness in time or certainty, like English going to.


kamer

head

kamer (plural kamers, diminutive kamertjie)

From Dutch kamer, from Middle Dutch cāmere (“room, barn, house”), from Old Dutch *kamara, from Latin camera (“room, vault”), from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “vaulted chamber”).


golem

bor

גולם \ גֹּלֶם

(mythology) golem; a creature made from mud and clay and brought to life through magic


sorg

af-verb

sorg (present sorg, present participle sorgende, past participle gesorg)

sorg (present)
sorgende (participle present)
gesorg (participle past)


solder

head

solder (plural solders, diminutive soldertjie)

solders (plural)
soldertjie (diminutive)

From Dutch zolder, from Middle Dutch solre, solder, from Old Dutch *solari, *soleri, from Latin sōlārium.


veg

af-verb

veg (present veg, present participle vegtende, past participle geveg)

veg (present)
vegtende (participle present)
geveg (participle past)

From Dutch vechten, from Middle Dutch vechten, from Old Dutch fehtan, from Proto-Germanic *fehtaną, from Proto-Indo-European *peḱ-.


Armeens

af-adj

Armeens (attributive Armeense, not comparable)

Armenian (of, from, or pertaining to Armenia, the Armenian people, the Armenian language or the Armenian alphabet)


Armeens

Armenian (the language spoken by the Armenian people)


limousine

Borrowed from French limousine or English limousine.


brand

head

brand (plural brande, diminutive brandjie)

From Dutch brand, from Middle Dutch brant, from Old Dutch *brand, from Proto-Germanic *brandaz.

Daar was 'n vreeslike brand in die wildtuin.

There was a horrible fire in the nature reserve.

destructive, catastrophic fire (such as a house fire)


brand

af-verb

brand (present brand, present participle brandende, past participle gebrand)

brand (present)
brandende (participle present)
gebrand (participle past)

From Dutch branden, from Middle Dutch branden.

Die kerse brand so pragtig, dis sprokiesagtig!

The candles burn so gorgeously, it's picturesque!

Die kleuter het 'n gat in my tafelkleed gebrand.

That toddler has burnt a hole in my tablecloth.


les

Inherited from Dutch les (“lesson”), from Middle Dutch lesse, from Latin lēctiō.


Maleis

af-adj

Maleis (attributive Maleise, not comparable)

From Dutch Maleis, from obsolete Malei + -s, from Malay Melayu.

Malay, Malayan (of, from, or pertaining to Malaya, the Malay people or the Malay language)

Malaysian (of, from, or pertaining to Malaysia, the Malaysian people, especially those of Malay descent, or the Malay language)


trou

af-verb

trou (present trou, present participle trouende, past participle getrou)

trou (present)
trouende (participle present)
getrou (participle past)

From Dutch trouwen (similar root to Engl. "troth").


lis

From Dutch list, from Middle Dutch list, from Old Dutch list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz.


mar

(colloquial, dialectal) Alternative form of maar


park

From Dutch park, from Middle Dutch parc, from Old Dutch *parruk, from Proto-Germanic *parrukaz (“enclosure, fence”).


mes

→ Zulu: umese

Fanagalo: mes (or directly)

From Dutch mes, from Middle Dutch mets, mes, contraction of *metses, from Old Dutch *metisas, *metsas, from Proto-West Germanic *matisahs (“food knife”).


formule

head

formule (plural formules, diminutive formuletjie)

formules (plural)
formuletjie (diminutive)

From Dutch formule, from Middle French formule, from Latin fōrmula.


mag

From Dutch mogen, from Middle Dutch mogen, from Old Dutch mugan, from Proto-Germanic *maganą, from Proto-Indo-European *magʰ-, *megʰ-.


mag

From Dutch macht, from Middle Dutch macht, from Old Dutch *maht, from Proto-Germanic *mahtiz, from Proto-Indo-European *mógʰtis.


val

af-verb

val (present val, present participle vallende, past participle geval)

val (present)
vallende (participle present)
geval (participle past)


sebra

From Dutch zebra, from Portuguese zebra, from Old Galician-Portuguese enzebro, ezebra, azebra (“wild ass”), from earlier cebrario (882), ezebrario (897), from Vulgar Latin *eciferus, from Latin equiferus (“wild horse”).


kamera

From Dutch camera, from New Latin camera obscura (“dark chamber”), from Latin camera.


hoof

From Dutch hoofd, Middle Dutch hovet, from Old Dutch hōvit, from Proto-Germanic *haubudą. Doublet of sjef.


mier

From Dutch mier, from Middle Dutch miere, from Old Dutch *miuri, from Proto-Germanic *miurijǭ.


reis

From Dutch reis, from Middle Dutch rêse, reise, from Old Dutch *rēsa, from Proto-West Germanic *raisu.


klipspringer

→ English: klipspringer

From Dutch klipspringer. By surface analysis, klip (“rock”) + springer (“jumper”).


springbok

→ English: springbok

From Dutch springbok, equivalent to spring + bok.


lank

af-adj

lank (attributive lang, comparative langer, superlative langste)

lang (attributive)
langer (comparative)
langste (superlative)
lank (positive predicative)
lang (attributive positive)
lange (attributive independent positive singular)
langes (attributive independent plural positive)
lanks (partitive positive)
langer (attributive comparative predicative)
langere (attributive comparative independent singular)
langeres (attributive comparative independent plural)
langers (comparative partitive)
langste (attributive predicative superlative)
langste (singular superlative)
langstes (attributive independent plural superlative)

From a dialectal pronunciation of Dutch lang, from Middle Dutch lanc, from Proto-Germanic *langaz. Compare jonk.


keel

From Dutch keel, from Middle Dutch kēle, from Old Dutch kela, from Proto-Germanic *kelǭ.


biltong

→ English: biltong

→ Dutch: biltong

→ German: Biltong

From bil (“hindquarter”) + tong (“tongue”).


veertig

/ˈfɪə̯r.təχ/

From Dutch veertig, from Middle Dutch viertich, vēertich, from Old Dutch *viertig, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr tigiwiz.


bandana

From English bandana, borrowed from Hindi बन्धन (bandhan, “he ties”), from Sanskrit बध्नाति (badhnāti, “he binds”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind, bond”).


snorkel

Borrowed from English snorkel, from German Schnorchel.

A snorkel (swimming gear, breathing tube).


snorkel

af-verb

snorkel (present snorkel, present participle snorkelende, past participle gesnorkel)

snorkel (present)
snorkelende (participle present)
gesnorkel (participle past)

to snorkel (to dive using a breathing tube)


tot

From Dutch tot, from Middle Dutch tot, tōte, from Old Dutch tote, toti (“to, until”).


kuit

From Dutch kuit, from Middle Dutch cute.

(countable) calf (back of the lower leg)

(uncountable) roe, spawn, milt (fish eggs)


-s

dien + -s → diens

appended to the stem of a verb, this suffix yields a verbal noun


-s

Inherited from Dutch -s (a suffix for forming plurals).

redakteur + -s → redakteurs

Used to form regular plurals of nouns that end in certain suffixes or syllables, such as -el, -er, -en, -em, -eur, -aar, -aard, diminutive -ie, etc.

ateljee + -s → ateljees

Used to form irregular plurals of many other nouns, chiefly of foreign origin.


-s

Inherited from Dutch -s, from the genitive case of Dutch masculine and neuter nouns and adjectives, Middle Dutch -s, -es, from Old Dutch -es, -is, from Proto-Germanic *-as, *-is.

nuut → iets nuuts

groot → niks groots nie

Used to form the partitive form of the adjective


-s

Inherited from Dutch -s, from earlier -sch, from Middle Dutch -sch, from Old Dutch -isc, from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.

winter (“winter”) + -s → winters (“wintery”)

spel (“game”) + -s → speels (“playful”)

Used to form adjectives of characteristic from nouns.

Engeland (“England”) + -s → Engels (“English”)

Finland (“Finland”) + -s → Fins (“Finnish”)

Used to form adjectives or language names from place names.


strand

head

strand (plural strande, diminutive strandjie)

From Dutch strand, from Middle Dutch strant.


reg

af-adj

reg (attributive regte, comparative regter, superlative regste)

regte (attributive)
regter (comparative)
regste (superlative)

From Dutch recht, from Middle Dutch recht, from Old Dutch reht, from Proto-Germanic *rehtaz (adjective) and *rehtą (noun), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtós.


wees

af-verb

wees (present is, present participle synde, past was, past participle gewees)

is (present)
synde (participle present)
was (past)
gewees (participle past)
wees (infinitive)
is (indicative present)
was (indicative past)
sy (present subjunctive)
ware (past subjunctive)
synde (participle present)
gewees (participle past)

From Dutch wezen, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną. See Dutch zijn.

Ek was gister dronk (gewees).

Hy kon al 'n dokter gewees het.

Ek word geslaan. → Ek is geslaan.
I am (being) beaten. → I was / have been beaten.

(auxiliary) Used to form the perfect tense in certain cases; compare hê.

Hy gaan huis toe. → Hy is huis toe. (Without elision: Hy het huis toe gegaan.)
He goes / is going home. → He went / has gone home.

Forms the perfect of gaan (“go”) + locative when the verb is elided.

My ouers sal hierdie jaar skei. → My ouers is hierdie jaar geskei. (Alternatively: ... het hierdie jaar geskei.)
My parents will get divorced this year. → My parents got divorced this year.

My ouma sal vannag oorly. → My ouma is vannag oorlede. (Alternatively: ... het vannag oorly.)
My grandma will die tonight. → My grandma died tonight.

Optionally forms the perfect tense of the verbs wees (“be”), verloof raak (“get engaged”), trou (“marry”), skei (“get divorced”), oorly (“die”).

(obsolete) Formerly formed the perfect tense of certain other intransitive verbs, e.g. kom (“come”).


lei

lei (present lei, present participle leidende or leiende, past participle gelei)

lei (present)
leidende (participle present)
leiende (participle present)
gelei (participle past)

From Dutch leiden, from Middle Dutch leiden, from Old Dutch leiden, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.


lei

From Dutch lei, from Middle Dutch leye, probably from Celtic and ultimately from a substrate language.


hemp

→ Fanagalo: hemp

→ Northern Sotho: hempe

→ Phuthi: ihhempe

→ Shona: hembe

→ Sotho: hempe

→ Southern Ndebele: irhembe

→ Tswana: hêmpê

→ Venda: hemmbe

→ Xhosa: ihempe

→ Zulu: ihembe

From Dutch hemd (“shirt”), from Middle Dutch hemde, hemede, from Old Dutch *hemithi, from Proto-Germanic *hamiþiją. Cognate with German Hemd, Yiddish העמד (hemd).

Hy was haar hemp terwyl hy saggies fluit.

He is washing her shirt while he's whistling softly.


lag

lag (present lag, present participle laggende, past participle gelag)

lag (present)
laggende (participle present)
gelag (participle past)


wild

af-adj

wild (attributive wilde, comparative wilder, superlative wildste)

wilde (attributive)
wilder (comparative)
wildste (superlative)

From Dutch wild, from Middle Dutch wilt, from Old Dutch *wildi, from Proto-Germanic *wilþijaz.


dapper

dapper (attributive dapper, comparative dapperder, superlative dapperste)

dapper (attributive)
dapperder (comparative)
dapperste (superlative)
dapper (attributive positive predicative)
dappere (attributive independent positive singular)
dapperes (attributive independent plural positive)
dappers (partitive positive)
dapperder (attributive comparative predicative)
dapperdere (attributive comparative independent singular)
dapperderes (attributive comparative independent plural)
dapperders (comparative partitive)
dapperste (attributive predicative superlative)
dapperste (singular superlative)
dapperstes (attributive independent plural superlative)

From Dutch dapper, from Middle Dutch dapper, from Old Dutch *dappar, from Proto-Germanic *dapraz.


doen

af-verb

doen (present doen, present participle doenende, past participle gedoen)

doen (present)
doenende (participle present)
gedoen (participle past)

From Dutch doen, from Middle Dutch doen, from Old Dutch duon, from Proto-Germanic *dōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-.


kloof

From Dutch kloof, from Middle Dutch clove.


kloof

kloof (present kloof, present participle klowende, past participle gekloof)

kloof (present)
klowende (participle present)
gekloof (participle past)


blind

af-adj

blind (attributive blinde, comparative blinder, superlative blindste)

blinde (attributive)
blinder (comparative)
blindste (superlative)

From Dutch blind, from Middle Dutch blint, from Old Dutch *blint, from Proto-Germanic *blindaz.


Estland

Estonia (a country in Northern Europe; capital: Tallinn)


gee

af-verb

gee (present gee, present participle gewende, past participle gegee)

gee (present)
gewende (participle present)
gegee (participle past)

Ek gee op!


amp

From Dutch ambt, from Middle Dutch ampt, from Middle High German ambet, ambt (whence modern German Amt), from Old High German ambahti, from Proto-Germanic *ambahtaz, from Gaulish ambaxtos, from Proto-Celtic *ambaxtos.

An official position, a function, an office, a post.


doer

Hulle gesels daar doer.

Doer, anderkant die berge!

Far away, on the other side of the mountains!


dor

af-adj

dor (attributive dorre, comparative dorder, superlative dorste)

dorre (attributive)
dorder (comparative)
dorste (superlative)

dry, wilted (having a relatively low or no liquid content)


eland

→ English: eland

From Dutch eland (“elk, moose; eland”), from Middle Dutch elant (“elk, moose”), from obsolete German elen, elend, from Middle High German elen, from Old High German elent.

common eland, eland antilope, Taurotragus oryx


emmer

head

emmer (plural emmers, diminutive emmertjie)

→ Fwe: mà-hèmêrè (via Lozi)

→ Xhosa: i-emele

→ Yeyi: ìhèmérè

From Dutch emmer, from Middle Dutch ember, from Old Dutch ēmer, from Proto-West Germanic *ambrī.


pas

die paswette tydens die apartheidsjare

the pass laws during the years of apartheid


pion

pion (plural pionne, diminutive pionnetjie)

From Dutch pion, from French pion, from Middle French pion, from Old French peon, from Late Latin pedō.

(chess) pawn; least valuable piece in chess

a pawn; a person who has no control over their lot, usually manipulated by others to some end


pomp

→ Kwanyama: opomba

From Dutch pomp, from Middle Dutch pompe.


sop

From Dutch sop, from Middle Dutch sop (“soup”), from Old Dutch *sop, from Proto-Germanic *suppą.


tog

From Dutch tocht, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *tuhtiz.


vis

From Dutch vis, from Middle Dutch visch, from Old Dutch fisc, from Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-.

Ons gaan die vis vang

1998, Trompies (lyrics and music), “Kom Push”, in Shosholoza:

(collective) fish (multiple fish collectively)


gang

From Dutch gang, from Middle Dutch ganc, from Old Dutch gank, gang, from Proto-Germanic *gangaz.


geld

→ Sotho: tjhelete

→ Venda: tshelede

From Dutch geld (“money”), from Middle Dutch gelt, from Old Dutch geld, from Proto-Germanic *geldą, cognate with German Geld (“money”), Old Norse gjald (“payment”), Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌳 (gild, “tribute”).


lap

From Dutch lap, from Middle Dutch lap, from Old Dutch lap.


nag

From Dutch nacht (“night”), from Middle Dutch nacht, from Old Dutch naht, from Proto-Germanic *nahts, from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts.

The period between sunset and sunrise, when the sky is dark; night.


ree

From Dutch ree, from Middle Dutch ree, from Old Dutch rēa.


sag

af-adj

sag (attributive sagte, comparative sagter, superlative sagste)

sagte (attributive)
sagter (comparative)
sagste (superlative)


syne

Hy het my hemp aangehad en ek syne.


aap

From Dutch aap, from Middle Dutch āpe, from Old Dutch *apo, from Proto-Germanic *apô.


pil

head

pil (plural pille, diminutive pilletjie)

From Dutch pil, from Middle Dutch pille, from Medieval Latin pilla, from Latin pilula, diminutive of pila (“ball”).


burger

'n Persoon is gewoonlik 'n burger van die land waarin hy of sy gebore is.

A person is usually a citizen of the country in which he or she was born.


burger

Borrowed from English burger, shortening of hamburger.


begrip

From Dutch begrip, from Middle Dutch begrip, from Old Dutch *bigrip.


Sondag

→ Fwe: n-súndà

→ Shona: svondo

→ Sotho: Sontaha

→ Swazi: li-Sontfo

→ Venda: Swondaha

→ Xhosa: isonto

→ Zulu: iSonto


staal

→ Xhosa: isitali

From Dutch staal, from Middle Dutch stael, from Old Dutch stāl, from earlier *stahal, from Proto-Germanic *stahlą.

steel (alloy of iron and other elements, often carbon)


suiker

→ Sotho: tswekere

→ Xhosa: iswekile

→ Venda: swigiri

From Dutch suiker, from Middle Dutch suicker, suker, a borrowing from Old French çucre (circa 13th cent), from Old Italian zucchero, from Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), from Persian شکر (šakar), from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā, “ground or candied sugar", originally "grit, gravel”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂ (“gravel, boulder”).


voedsel

From Dutch voedsel, from Middle Dutch voetsel. Equivalent to voed + -sel.


kat

→ Xhosa: ikati

→ Zulu: ikati


Johan

a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English John


gat

From Dutch gat (“hole, gap; arse”), from Middle Dutch gat, from Old Dutch *gat, from Proto-Germanic *gatą.

Hy't 'n gat in sy opvoeding.

hole or hollowed out area used as a shelter or home by animals

Jinne! Jy bly in 'n gat!

(figuratively) dump; a run-down living space, room or house


gat

Sit op jou gat!

(crude) rump; buttocks; bum; ass; backside of a human

Die olifant staan met sy gat na ons toe.

The elephant is standing with his backside turned to us.


fel

af-adj

fel (attributive fel, comparative feller, superlative felste)

fel (attributive)
feller (comparative)
felste (superlative)

From Dutch fel, from Middle Dutch fel, from Old French fel.


dood

dood (attributive dooie, comparative dooier, superlative doodste or dooiste)

dooie (attributive)
dooier (comparative)
doodste (superlative)
dooiste (superlative)

From Dutch dood, from Middle Dutch dôot, from Old Dutch dōt, from Proto-West Germanic *daud, from Proto-Germanic *daudaz.

(figuratively) exhausted; listless; fatigued


dood

Hy het gister dood aangekom.


dood

From Dutch dood, from Middle Dutch dôot, from Old Dutch dōth, from Proto-West Germanic *dauþu, from Proto-Germanic *dauþuz.

the dead; something that is no longer alive


dood

af-verb

dood (present dood, present participle dodende, past participle gedood)

dood (present)
dodende (participle present)
gedood (participle past)

From Dutch doden, from Middle Dutch dôden, from Old Dutch *dōden, from Proto-West Germanic *daudijan, from Proto-Germanic *daudijaną.


hou

hou (present hou, present participle houende, past participle gehou)

hou (present)
houende (participle present)
gehou (participle past)

From Dutch houden, from Middle Dutch houden, from Old Dutch haldan, from Proto-West Germanic *haldan, from Proto-Germanic *haldaną.


RSA

Initialism of Republiek van Suid-Afrika.


gorilla

head

gorilla (plural gorillas, diminutive gorillatjie)

gorillas (plural)
gorillatjie (diminutive)

Borrowed from Dutch gorilla or English gorilla.


apartheid

From Dutch apartheid, equivalent to apart (“separate, apart”) + -heid (“-ness, -hood”).


sink

af-verb

sink (present sink, present participle sinkende, past participle gesink)

sink (present)
sinkende (participle present)
gesink (participle past)

From Dutch zinken, from Middle Dutch sinken, from Old Dutch *sincan, from Proto-Germanic *sinkwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sengʷ- (“to fall, sink”).


motor

head

motor (plural motors, diminutive motortjie)

Borrowed from English motor, compare motor car, from Latin mōtor.


skim

From Dutch schim, from Middle Dutch schim, schem, from Old Dutch *skim, *skimo, from Proto-Germanic *skimaz, *skimô (“shine; light”).


walrus

From Dutch walrus, probably from Danish hvalros or Swedish valross, from an inversion of Old Norse hrosshvalr (“horse-whale”).

Odobenus rosmarus
Odobenus rosmarus#Translingual


Irak

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East; capital: Bagdad)


stad

From Dutch stad, from Middle Dutch stat, from Old Dutch stad, from Proto-Germanic *stadiz, from Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂tis.

Ons gaan nou stad toe.


mis

af-verb

mis (present mis, present participle missende, past participle gemis)

mis (present)
missende (participle present)
gemis (participle past)

From Dutch missen, from Middle Dutch missen, from Old Dutch *missen, from Proto-West Germanic *missijan, from Proto-Germanic *missijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂-.


mis

From Dutch mist, from Middle Dutch mist, from Old Dutch *mist, from Proto-Germanic *mihstaz.


mis

From Dutch mist, dialectal byform of mest, from Proto-Germanic *mihstuz.

Sy sê baie spore, baie mis, maar nog nie eintlik baie olifante nie.

2003, Dalene Matthee, Toorbos, Tafelberg, pages 47–48:

She said a lot of tracks, a lot of dung, but not yet really many elephants.


mis

From Dutch mis, from Middle Dutch misse, from Latin missa.


glo

glo (present glo, present participle gloënde, past participle geglo)

glo (present)
gloënde (participle present)
geglo (participle past)


bors

From Dutch borst, from Middle Dutch borst, from Old Dutch brust, from Proto-Germanic *brusts, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to swell, blow, inflate”).


beset

af-verb

beset (present beset, present participle besettende, past participle beset)

beset (present)
besettende (participle present)
beset (participle past)

From Dutch bezetten, from Middle Dutch besetten, from Old Dutch *bisetten, from Proto-Germanic *bisatjaną.

(transitive, military) to occupy militarily


jul

Alternative form of julle; your (plural)


blank

af-adj

blank (attributive blanke, comparative blanker, superlative blankste)

blanke (attributive)
blanker (comparative)
blankste (superlative)


mens

From Dutch mens, from Middle Dutch mensche, from Old Dutch mennisko, from Proto-Germanic *manniskaz.


uit

Uit die blou van onse hemel, uit die diepte van ons see.

From the blue of our heaven, from the depth of our sea.

Uit die diepte van my hart!

2008, “Uit Die Diepte Van My Hart”, in Uit Die Diepte Van My Hart, performed by Kurt Darren, South Africa: Select Musiek:


lamp

From Dutch lamp, from Middle Dutch lampe, from Old French lampe, from Latin lampas (“lamp; torch; lantern”), from Ancient Greek λαμπάς (lampás, “torch; lamp”), from λάμπω (lámpō, “shine”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂p- (“glow”).


murg

From Dutch merg, from Middle Dutch march, from Old Dutch *marg, *merg, from Proto-Germanic *mazgą, from Proto-Indo-European *mozgos, *mosgʰos.


-e

The attributive ending of many adjectives.


ge-

Inherited from Dutch ge-, from Middle Dutch ge-, ghe-, from Old Dutch gi-, ge-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm.

Ek het die koek geëet


ge-

Inherited from Dutch ge-, from Middle Dutch ge-.

Used with a verb stem to create an uncountable noun referring to an action or its result, seen as a single collective whole.


slurp

Hy hou hom koel deur sy ore ritmies te waai terwyl hy sy slurp spelerig heen en weer swaai.

2007, Marthinus Christoffel Botha, Ons en die maan. Natuurroman, Protea Boekhuis,, →ISBN, page 186:

He keeps himself cool by rhythmically waving his ears while he playfully swings his trunk back and forth.

trunk (extended nasal organ of an elephant)


spook

→ Northern Ndebele: isipoko

→ Xhosa: isiporho

→ Zulu: isipoki

From Dutch spook, from Middle Dutch spoke, spooc, from Proto-Germanic *spōk.


veld

→ English: veld

From Dutch veld, from Middle Dutch velt, from Old Dutch felt, from Proto-Germanic *felþuz, from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂-.

A patch or grass and/or other small plants

The veld, the open grassland of South Africa and neighboring countries


trek

af-verb

trek (present trek, present participle trekkende, past participle getrek)

trek (present)
trekkende (participle present)
getrek (participle past)

→ English: trek