sterretjiesjasmyn

sterretjiesjasmyn (plural sterretjiesjasmyne, diminutive sterrtjiesjasmyntjie)

sterretjiesjasmyne (plural)
sterrtjiesjasmyntjie (diminutive)

Jasminum multipartitum
Wikispecies:Jasminum multipartitum

starry wild jasmine (a plant of the species Jasminum multipartitum)


kolf

Inherited from Dutch kolf, from Middle Dutch colve, from Proto-West Germanic *kolbō, from Proto-Germanic *kulbaz (“round object”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to form into a ball”).

der

bat; club; an object which becomes wider to the end

any of the bats or clubs used in various sports


krieketkolf

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krieketkolf (plural krieketkolwe, diminutive krieketkolfie)

krieketkolwe (plural)
krieketkolfie (diminutive)

From krieket (“cricket”) + kolf (“bat”).

cricket bat; bat or club used in cricket


kolwer

kolwer (plural kolwers, diminutive kolwertjie)

kolwers (plural)
kolwertjie (diminutive)

batter; a person who tries to hit a ball with a bat


kolfbeurt

bat; a turn at hitting a ball with a bat in various sports


bofbal

bofbal (plural bofballe, diminutive bofballetjie)

bofballe (plural)
bofballetjie (diminutive)

baseball; a ball used to play baseball with


bofbalveld

bofbalveld (plural bofbalvelde, diminutive bofbalveldjie)

bofbalvelde (plural)
bofbalveldjie (diminutive)

From bofbal (“baseball”) + veld (“field”).


bofballiga

bofballiga (plural bofballigas, diminutive bofballigatjie)

bofballigas (plural)
bofballigatjie (diminutive)

From bofbal (“baseball”) + liga (“league”).


bofbalspeler

bofbalspeler (plural bofbalspelers, diminutive bofbalspelertjie)

bofbalspelers (plural)
bofbalspelertjie (diminutive)

From bofbal (“baseball”) + speler (“player”).


karatepak

karatepak (plural karatepakke, diminutive karatepakkie)

karatepakke (plural)
karatepakkie (diminutive)


karatespan

karatespan (plural karatespanne, diminutive karatespannetjie)

karatespanne (plural)
karatespannetjie (diminutive)


alkalimetaal

Compound of alkali (“alkali”) + metaal (“metal”) or from Dutch alkalimetaal.


skutspatroon

From skut (“shield, guard, protector”) + patroon (“patron”).


berig

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berig (plural berigte, diminutive beriggie)

From Dutch bericht (“message, report”), from Middle Dutch berecht.


doodsberig

doodsberig (plural doodsberigte, diminutive doodsberiggie)

doodsberigte (plural)
doodsberiggie (diminutive)


doodberig

doodberig (plural doodberigte, diminutive doodberiggie)

doodberigte (plural)
doodberiggie (diminutive)

From dood (“death”) + berig (“article, report”).


nuusberig

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nuusberig (plural nuusberigte, diminutive nuusberiggie)

nuusberigte (plural)
nuusberiggie (diminutive)

From nuus (“news”) + berig (“article, report”).


koerantberig

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koerantberig (plural koerantberigte, diminutive koerantberiggie)

koerantberigte (plural)
koerantberiggie (diminutive)

From koerant (“newspaper”) + berig (“article, report”).


koerant

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koerant (plural koerante, diminutive koerantjie)

koerante (plural)
koerantjie (diminutive)

From Dutch courant, from Middle French courant, from Latin currens.


weerberig

weerberig (plural weerberigte, diminutive weerberiggie)

weerberigte (plural)
weerberiggie (diminutive)

From weer (“weather”) + berig (“article, report”).


weerprofeet

From weer (“weather”) + profeet (“prophet”).

weather forecaster
weather forecaster#English

(humorous) weather forecaster; weather reporter


weervoorspelling

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weervoorspelling (plural weervoorspellings or weervoorspellinge (dated))

weervoorspellings (plural)
weervoorspellinge (dated plural)

From Dutch weersvoorspelling. Equivalent to weer (“weather”) + voorspelling (“forecast, prediction”).

affix

weather forecast
weather forecast#English


reënboog

From Dutch regenboog (“rainbow”), from Middle Dutch regenboge, from Old Dutch *reganbogo, from Proto-Germanic *regnabugô.


nêrens

From nergens, from Dutch nergens, from Middle Dutch nergens, nergen, from Old Dutch niergin.

Die dorpie is in die middle van niks en nêrens.

The [small] town is in the middle of nowhere.

nowhere (sometimes used with niks, which means nothing.)

Jy bly nogal ver van nêrens.


kiekie

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kiekie (plural kiekies, diminutive kiekietjie)

kiekies (plural)
kiekietjie (diminutive)

photo; photograph (usually taken by an amateur photographer)

(figuratively) brief but very vivid description through writing or spoken words


weervoorspeller

weervoorspeller (plural weervoorspellers, diminutive weervoorspellertjie)

weervoorspellers (plural)
weervoorspellertjie (diminutive)

From weer (“weather”) + voorspeller (“forecaster”).


afsaksel

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afsaksel (plural afsaksels, diminutive afsakseltjie)

afsaksels (plural)
afsakseltjie (diminutive)


vulsel

vulsel (plural vulsels, diminutive vulseltjie)

vulsels (plural)
vulseltjie (diminutive)

filling; contents of a pie, pastry, etc.


stopsel

stopsel (plural stopsels, diminutive stopseltjie)

stopsels (plural)
stopseltjie (diminutive)


blokkiesraaisel

From to blokkies (“little squares”) + raaisel (“riddle, puzzle”).

compound

crossword puzzle
crossword puzzle#English


blokraaisel

(games) Alternative form of blokkiesraaisel


raaisel

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raaisel (plural raaisels, diminutive raaiseltjie)

raaisels (plural)
raaiseltjie (diminutive)

From raadsel, from Dutch raadsel. Equivalent to raai + -sel.


skaap

→ Zulu: isiklabhu

From Dutch schaap, from Middle Dutch scaep, from Old Dutch skāp, from Proto-Germanic *skēpą.


japie

Diminutive of Jaap, a pet form of Jacob.


loopgraaf

/ˈlʊə̯pˌχrɑːf/

From Dutch loopgraaf, from German Laufgraben.


waterblommetjiebredie

waterblommetjiebredie (stew of meat, typically lamb, with waterblommetjies)


asyn

asyn (plural asyne, diminutive asyntjie)


uitspraakwoordeboek

Either uitspraak (“pronunciation”) + woordeboek (“dictionary”), or Dutch uitspraakwoordenboek.

af

pronunciation dictionary
pronunciation dictionary


pasella

a small gift, especially as an add-on to a purchase; a pasella or lagniappe


olifantslurp

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olifantslurp (plural olifantslurpe, diminutive olifantslurpje)

olifantslurpe (plural)
olifantslurpje (diminutive)


nagapie

→ English: nagapie

From nag (“night”) + apie (“little monkey”).


pêl

Borrowed from English pal, from Angloromani pal (“brother, friend”), from Romani phral (“brother”), from Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ, “brother”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā (“brother”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr (“brother”).
Doublet of broer.


aalfuik

aalfuik (plural aalfuike, diminutive aalfuikie)

aalfuike (plural)
aalfuikie (diminutive)

/ˈɑːl.fœɪ̯k/

From Dutch aalfuik. Equivalent to aal (“eel”) + fuik (“fyke”).


aamborstigheid

/ˌɑːmˈbɔr.stə.χəɪ̯t/

(pathology) dyspnea, wheeziness (shortness of breath)


appelkoos

From Dutch appelkoos, from abrikoos, from Middle French abricot, from Arabic اَلْبَرْقُوق (al-barqūq), from Ancient Greek πραικόκιον (praikókion), from Latin praecoqua.

der

اَلْبَرْقُوق


stadspoort

From Dutch stadspoort. Equivalent to stad + -s- + poort.


koraalrif

/kʊə̯ˈrɑːlˌrəf/

From Dutch koraalrif. Equivalent to koraal + rif.


swyn

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swyn (plural swyne, diminutive swyntjie)

From Dutch zwijn, from Middle Dutch swijn, from Old Dutch swīn, from Proto-Germanic *swīną, from an adjectival form of Proto-Indo-European *suH-.

A pig; a revolting person, in particular a man.


aarbei

From Dutch aardbei, from Middle Dutch erdbēre, erdbēsie, from Old Dutch *erdberi, from Proto-West Germanic *erþubaʀi from Proto-Germanic *erþōbazją (literally “earth-berry”).


Indiër

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Indiër (plural Indiërs, diminutive Indiërtjie)

Indiërs (plural)
Indiërtjie (diminutive)

Inherited from Dutch Indiër, equivalent to Indië + -er.

Indian (person from India or of Indian descent)

Indian South African (South African of South Asian descent)


skrywer

From Dutch schrijver, from Middle Dutch schriver. Equivalent to skryf + -er.


weerstandsbeweging

From weerstand (“resistance”) + -s- + beweging (“movement”).


aanbevelingsbrief

letter of recommendation
letter of recommendation


adrenalien

From Dutch adrenaline or English adrenaline.

(biochemistry) adrenaline (epinephrine, the hormone and neurotransmitter)


wasem

From Dutch wasem, from Middle Dutch wasem, from waas (“haze”).


klavier

From Dutch klavier, from Middle Dutch klavier, from Middle French clavier.


straatlig

From Dutch straatlicht. Equivalent to straat + lig.


liggaam

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liggaam (plural liggame, diminutive liggaampie)

liggame (plural)
liggaampie (diminutive)

From Dutch lichaam (“body”), from Middle Dutch lichame, from Old Dutch lichamo, from Frankish *likhamo, from Proto-Germanic *līkahamô (“body, bodily frame, corpse”). Equivalent to a compound of lyk (“body, corpse”) + haam (“hull”).


yskas

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yskas (plural yskaste, diminutive yskasie)

From Dutch ijskast (“refrigerator”), from ijs (“ice”) + kast (“cupboard”). Compound of ys + kas.


voortbrengsel

the product (of something) (in a creative rather than an economic sense)


vlakvark

Compound of vlak (“plains”) + vark (“pig”).


kriek

kriek (plural krieke, diminutive kriekie)


landdros

English: landdros


bloubok

→ English: bloubok


perske

→ Phuthi: iperekisi

From Dutch perzik, from Middle Dutch perseke, ultimately from Late Latin persicum, persica.


selfstandige naamwoord

selfstandige naamwoord (plural selfstandige naamwoorde)


tamatie

→ Sotho: tamati

→ Zulu: utamatisi

From Dutch tomaat with assimilation of the first vowel, from English tomato, though the Dutch underwent subsequent influence by French tomate, both from Spanish tomate, from Classical Nahuatl tomatl (“tomatillo”).


wildsbok

wildsbok (plural wildsbokke, diminutive wildsbokkie)

wildsbokke (plural)
wildsbokkie (diminutive)


soogdier

From Dutch zoogdier, calque of German Säugetier. Analyzable as soog (“to suckle”) + dier (“animal”).


seekoei

From Dutch zeekoe (“manatee”), from Middle Dutch seecoe. Equivalent to see + koei.


jakkals

Inherited from Dutch jakhals, ultimately from Turkish çakal, from Persian شغال (šağâl), from Sanskrit सृगाल (sṛgālá, “jackal”).


hiëna

From Dutch hyena, from Latin hyaena, from Ancient Greek ὕαινα (húaina).


vlermuis

From Dutch vleermuis, from Middle Dutch vlēdermuus.


witrenoster

Ceratotherium simum
Ceratotherium simum#Translingual


swartrenoster

Diceros bicornis
Diceros bicornis#Translingual


ietermagog

Uncertain. Generally suggested as being composed of "ieter-" and "-magog", where "ieter-" may be related to Swazi finyeti (“pangolin”) and "magog" is likely borrowed from Tswana magôgwê (“honey badger”).


seehond

From Dutch zeehond, from Middle Dutch seehont.


blouaap

green monkey, vervet (a monkey in the genus Chlorocebus)


bobbejaan

From Dutch baviaan, probably from a dialectal form babiaan, from Middle Dutch baubijn, from Middle French babouin, from Old French babouin.


ystervark

ystervark (plural ystervarke, diminutive ystervarkie)

ystervarke (plural)
ystervarkie (diminutive)

From Dutch ijzervarken. Equivalent to yster (“iron”) + vark (“pig”).


selfstandige naamwoorde

selfstandige naamwoord
selfstandige naamwoord#Afrikaans


byvoeglike naamwoord

byvoeglike naamwoord (plural byvoeglike naamwoorde)


byvoeglike naamwoorde

byvoeglike naamwoord
byvoeglike naamwoord#Afrikaans


liefdesbrief

liefdesbrief (plural liefdesbriewe, diminutive liefdesbriefie)

liefdesbriewe (plural)
liefdesbriefie (diminutive)

From Dutch liefdesbrief. Equivalent to liefde (“love”) + -s- + brief (“letter”).

com

Marlene het 'n baie mooi liefdesbrief geskryf, maar die hond het dit opgevreet.

Marlene has written a very beautiful love letter, but the dog ate it.


ekstase

From Dutch extase, from French extase, from Latin ecstasis, extasis, from Ancient Greek ἔκστᾰσῐς (ékstăsĭs).


robyn

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robyn (plural robyne, diminutive robyntjie)

From Dutch robijn, from Middle Dutch robijn, rubijn, from Medieval Latin rubīnus.


saffier

saffier (plural saffiere, diminutive saffiertjie)

saffiere (plural)
saffiertjie (diminutive)

From Dutch saffier, from Middle Dutch saffier, from Latin sapphirus, from Ancient Greek σάπφειρος (sáppheiros).


renosterveld

From renoster (“rhinoceros”) + veld (“veld, field”).


koelkas

From Dutch koelkast. Equivalent to koel + kas.


kosbaarheid

From Dutch kostbaarheid. Equivalent to kosbaar + -heid.


niksnut

From niks (“nothing”) + nut (“use”), calque of German Nichtsnutz.


stasie

Dik, swart rookwolke het gister uit die stasie geborrel en 'n sterk brandreuk het oor die gebied gehang.

2018, Warda Meyer, “Prasa-beamptes jaag LUR uit Kaapse stasie”, in Die Burger:

Thick, black clouds of smoke bubbled out of the station yesterday and a strong burning smell hung over the area.


familielid

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familielid (plural familielede, diminutive familielidjie)

familielede (plural)
familielidjie (diminutive)

From Dutch familielid. Compound of familie + lid.


konfyt

konfyt (plural konfyte, diminutive konfytjie)

→ English: konfyt

From Dutch konfijt, from Middle Dutch confijt.


oseaan

/ʊə̯.sɪə̯ˈɑːn/

From Dutch oceaan, from Middle French ocean, from Latin oceanus, from Ancient Greek ὠκεᾰνός (ōkeănós).


bestialiteit

From Dutch bestialiteit, from Middle French bestialité.


kibboets

kibboets (plural kibboetse, diminutive kibboetsie)

kibboetse (plural)
kibboetsie (diminutive)

From Dutch kibboets, Hebrew קִבּוּץ (kibúts).

Ek woon in 'n klein kibboets naby Tel-Aviv.

I live in a small kibbutz near Tel-Aviv.

Het jy geweet dat daar 270 kibboetse in Israel is?

Did you know that there are 270 kibbutzim in Israel?

Vroeë kibboetse is dikwels gegrond op Spartaanse beginsels van opvoeding en gemeenskapslewe.

Early kibbutzim were often established with Spartan principles of education and community living.


gemoed

gemoed (plural gemoedere, diminutive gemoedjie)

gemoedere (plural)
gemoedjie (diminutive)


zama-zama

From Zulu -zama, stem of ukuzama (“to try, strive, make an attempt to obtain something”).

A person who works illegally in abandoned mineshafts in order to retrieve metals or minerals.


impak

Borrowed from English impact, from Latin impāctus.


wedloop

From Dutch wedloop. Equivalent to wed + loop.

A race in running (speed contest in running).


skilpad

From Dutch schildpad, from Middle Dutch schiltpadde.


herfs

From Dutch herfst, from Middle Dutch herfst, from Old Dutch *hervist, from Proto-Germanic *harbistaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kerp-.


houwitser

From Dutch houwitser, from German Haubitze, from Middle High German haufniz, from Czech houfnice.


bywoorde

[ˈbəɪ̯vuə̯rdə]

[ˈbəɪ̯vuə̯rə]


engte

From Dutch engte. Equivalent to eng + -te.


wildegranaat

From wilde (“wild”) + granaat (“pomegranate”).

compound

Various plants, generally in the genera Burchellia or Rhigozum.


rykdom

From Dutch rijkdom, from Middle Dutch rijcdoem, from Old Dutch rīkduom.


wigskrif

From Dutch wigschrift, which is now mostly replaced by its synonym spijkerschrift. Equivalent to wig + skrif.


spykerskrif

From Dutch spijkerschrift. Equivalent to spyker + skrif.


nooddruf

From Dutch nooddruft (“poverty”), from Middle Dutch nootdorft.


loodsstudie

From loods (“pilot”) + studie (“study”).

a small scale preliminary study prior to a full-scale research project; a pilot study


afslaandak

2010, Helena Hugo, ’n Venster vir die son. Waar liefde en lig woon, Struik Christian Media (publ.).
Die weer was pragtig, die hotel het 'n see-uitsig gehad en die man 'n Ford met 'n afslaandak.

The weather was gorgeous, the hotel had a view on the sea and the man had a Ford with a foldable roof.

A soft top, a retractable or foldable top.


afdak

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afdak (plural afdakke, diminutive afdakkie)

From Dutch afdak. Equivalent to af + dak.

A roof over an area not fully enclosed by walls; a lean-to, shelter, shelter roof.


mieliepap

From mielie (“maize”) + pap (“porridge”).


hiernamaals

From Dutch hiernamaals, from Middle Dutch hiernamaels (“hereafter”), equivalent to hier + namaals.


krimpvark

krimpvark (plural krimpvarke, diminutive krimpvarkie)

krimpvarke (plural)
krimpvarkie (diminutive)

(chiefly diminutive) hedgehog, mammal of the subfamily Erinaceinae


mandjie

From Dutch mandje, diminutive of mand, from Middle Dutch mande, from Old Dutch *manda, from Proto-West Germanic *mandu.


woestyn

From Dutch woestijn, from Middle Dutch woestine, from Old Dutch wuostinna.


wortelkoek

wortelkoek (plural wortelkoeke, diminutive wortelkoekie)

wortelkoeke (plural)
wortelkoekie (diminutive)


koue

From Dutch kouwe, dialectal byform of kou, koude.

cold (state of having a low temperature)


handskoen

handskoen (plural handskoene, diminutive handskoentjie)

handskoene (plural)
handskoentjie (diminutive)

→ Sotho: hanskunu


bioskoop

From Dutch bioscoop, from French bioscope and/or German Bioscop (now spelt Bioskop).


epiloog

From Dutch epiloog, from French épilogue, from Latin epilogus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίλογος (epílogos).


nooi

nooi (plural nooiens, diminutive nooientjie or noointjie)

nooiens (plural)
nooientjie (diminutive)
noointjie (diminutive)

From Dutch nonna (or a byform of this), borrowed from Malay nyonya. Possibly influenced by West Frisian nonke (“dear”).

‘They no longer address them as baas and nooi, but call them by their Christian names’, Sheila Patterson, The Last Trek: A Study of the Boer People and the Afrikaner Nation, Routledge Editions, 1957, p. 252.


malgas

malgas (plural malgasse, diminutive malgassie)

malgasse (plural)
malgassie (diminutive)

gannet or booby; sulid (any bird in the family Sulidae)

Morus capensis
Morus capensis#Translingual

(in particular) Cape gannet (member of the species Morus capensis)


dragonder

From Dutch dragonder, from German Dragoner.


vullisdrom

vullisdrom (plural vullisdromme, diminutive vullisdrommetjie)

vullisdromme (plural)
vullisdrommetjie (diminutive)

Compound of vullis (“rubbish”) + drom (“container”).


snol

(derogatory) slut, whore, promiscuous woman


assegaai

/ˌa.səˈχɑːi̯/

From Dutch assegaai, from Spanish azagaya or Portuguese azagaia, from Arabic اَلزَّغَايَة (az-zaḡāya), from Proto-Berber *zaġāya (“spear”).

der

اَلزَّغَايَة


tamboer

From Dutch tamboer, from Middle Dutch tamboere (“drum”), from Old French tambour.


pynappel

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pynappel (plural pynappels, diminutive pynappeltjie)

pynappels (plural)
pynappeltjie (diminutive)

From Dutch pijnappel (“pine cone, pineapple”), equivalent to pyn (“pine”) + appel (“apple”). Possibly reinforced by English pineapple.


spelonk

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spelonk (plural spelonke, diminutive spelonkie)

spelonke (plural)
spelonkie (diminutive)

From Dutch spelonk, from Middle Dutch spelonke, from Old French spelonque, from Italian spelonca, from Latin spelunca (“cave, cavern; grotto; den”), from Ancient Greek σπῆλυγξ (spêlunx, “cave”), from Ancient Greek σπέος (spéos, “cave, cavern”).


kerkkoor

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kerkkoor (plural kerkkore, diminutive kerkkoortjie)

kerkkore (plural)
kerkkoortjie (diminutive)

From Dutch kerkkoor. Equivalent to kerk + koor.

church choir (choir of singers affiliated to a church)


voetangel

From Dutch voetangel (“caltrop”), from Middle Dutch voetangel. Equivalent to voet (“foot”) + angel (“sting, stinger”).

compound

(figurative) trap, pitfall (something dangerous and treacherous)


gedrog

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gedrog (plural gedrogte, diminutive gedroggie)

gedrogte (plural)
gedroggie (diminutive)


treurlied

treurlied (plural treurliedere, diminutive treurliedjies)

treurliedere (plural)
treurliedjies (diminutive)


jaart

A yard (undeveloped space within the precincts of a building).


skaduwee

skaduwee (plural skaduwees, diminutive skaduweetjie)

skaduwees (plural)
skaduweetjie (diminutive)

From Dutch schaduwe, regional variant of schaduw, from Middle Dutch schade, schaduwe. The second reduced syllable was provided with a secondary stress in Afrikaans; compare weduwee.


reisgids

Compound of reis (“travel”) + gids (“guide”).


gruweldaad

From Dutch gruweldaad. Equivalent to gruwel (“abomination, horror”) + daad (“action, deed”).


mensdom

From Dutch mensdom. Equivalent to mens + -dom.


bastergemsbok

From baster (“bastard”) + gemsbok; compare English bastard gemsbok.


vetplant

From Dutch vetplant, from German Fettpflanze. Equivalent to vet + plant.


vokaal

From Dutch vocaal, from Latin vōcālis. The sense “outspoken” comes from English vocal.


baadjie

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baadjie (plural baadjies, diminutive baadjietjie)

baadjies (plural)
baadjietjie (diminutive)

→ Shona: bhachi

→ Xhosa: ibhatyi

→ Zulu: ibhantshi

From Dutch baadje, from Malay baju, from Classical Persian بازو (bāzū, “upper arm”).


wesel

From Dutch wezel, from Middle Dutch wesel, from Old Dutch *wisula, from Proto-Germanic *wisulǭ.

Mustela nivalis
Mustela nivalis#Translingual


argaïsme

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argaïsme (plural argaïsmes, diminutive argaïsmetjie)

argaïsmes (plural)
argaïsmetjie (diminutive)


Kroaat

Kroaat (plural Kroate, diminutive Kroaatjie)

Croatian, Croat (person from Croatia or of Croatian descent)


gesondheid

/χəˈsɔntˌɦəi̯t/

From Dutch gezondheid, from Middle Dutch gesontheit. Equivalent to gesond + -heid.


demokrasie

From Dutch democratie, demokratie, from Middle French democratie, from Medieval Latin democratia, from Ancient Greek δημοκρατία (dēmokratía). Cognate of Indonesian demokrasi.

democracy (form of government; democratically governed country or government)


konteks

From Dutch context, from Middle French contexte or Latin contextus.


staatskaping

From staat + -s- + kaping, calque of English state capture.

state capture (cooption of state institutions for private enrichment and consolidation)


standplaas

stand (a designated spot where someone or something may stand or wait)


bamboes

From Dutch bamboes, older form of bamboe, from Portuguese bambu, from Malay bambu, from Kannada ಬಮ್ಬು (bambu).


kiaat

English: kiaat

From Dutch kiaat, a borrowing from Sundanese ki jati or Malay kayu jati.

kiaat, African teak (Pterocarpus angolensis)


bloedbank

Compound of bloed + bank. First attested in the 1950s.


waëns

(archaic or nonstandard) Alternative form of waens, plural of wa


kwarantyn

A quarantine, sanitary measure of isolating infected people


tabernakel

From Dutch tabernakel, from Middle Dutch tabernakel, from Latin tabernaculum, diminutive of taberna.


Bulgaar

Bulgaar (plural Bulgare, diminutive Bulgaartjie)

Bulgare (plural)
Bulgaartjie (diminutive)

Bulgarian (person from Bulgaria or of Bulgarian descent)


ouer

ouer (plural ouers, diminutive ouertjie)


matoppie

→ English: matoppie


belastingparadys

Compound of belasting + paradys, compare Dutch belastingparadijs.


mikroskoop

From Dutch microscoop. Equivalent to mikro- + -skoop.


klimvis

mudskipper, goby of the genus Periophthalmus.


fossielrekord

From fossiel + rekord, calque of English fossil record.


welvaartstaat

From welvaart + staat, calque of English welfare state.


regstaat

Probably from Dutch rechtsstaat, from German Rechtsstaat. Equivalent to reg + staat.

Baie lande is nie regstate nie.

Many countries are not constitutional states.

A state governed by rule of law; nation of laws, constitutional state.


brandewyn

brandewyn (plural brandewyne, diminutive brandewyntjie)

brandewyne (plural)
brandewyntjie (diminutive)

From Dutch brandewijn, from Middle Dutch brantwijn.


verkleurmannetjie

(person) chameleon, person with inconstant behavior


slaptjip

(chiefly plural) potato chip (UK), french fry (North America) (deepfried slice of potato)


skildwag

From Dutch schildwacht, from Middle Dutch schiltwachte. Equivalent to skild + wag.


wagtoring

From Dutch wachttoren. Equivalent to wag + toring.

watchtower (tower used for guarding and observation)


wetenskapfiksie

Compound of wetenskap (“science”) + fiksie (“fiction”), calque of English science fiction.


wetenskapsfiksie

Compound of wetenskap (“science”) + -s- + fiksie (“fiction”). See the main entry for more.


smeltkroes

From Dutch smeltkroes. Equivalent to smelt + kroes.

(figurative) melting pot (place where heterogeneous things are mixed)

(figurative) crucible (difficult or painful experience that refines)


bomwerper

From Dutch bommenwerper. Equivalent to bom + werper.


skiereiland

From Dutch schiereiland. Equivalent to skier + eiland.


skroot

From Dutch schroot, from Middle Dutch schrode, from Old Dutch *skrōda.


vakansie

From Dutch vakantie, from Middle Dutch vacantie, from Medieval Latin vacantia.


plaasjapie

Compound of plaas (“farm”) + japie (“bumpkin, hick, boy”).

compound

(derogatory) country cousin, yokel, hayseed


vyeboom

/ˈfəi̯əˌbuə̯m/

From Dutch vijgenboom, from Middle Dutch vigeboom, from Old Dutch fīgbōm.


worsbrood

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worsbrood (plural worsbrode, diminutive worsbroodjie)

worsbrode (plural)
worsbroodjie (diminutive)

(chiefly diminutive) hot dog (sausage in a bread roll)


eendbekdier

Compound of eend (“duck”) + bek (“beak”) + dier (“animal”). Compare Dutch vogelbekdier.


piesangrepubliek

From piesang + republiek, calque of English banana republic.


medisyn

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medisyn (plural medisyne, diminutive medisyntjie)

medisyne (plural)
medisyntjie (diminutive)

From Dutch medicijn, from Middle Dutch medicine, from Latin medicīna.


skuur

skuur (plural skure, diminutive skuurtjie)


skêr

→ Fanagalo: sker

→ Kalanga: ikero

→ Sotho: sekere

→ Xhosa: isikere

→ Zulu: sikelo

From Dutch schaar, perhaps from the variant scheer, from Middle Dutch scare, schere, from Old Dutch *skāri.


papie

papie (plural papies, diminutive papietjie)


klimaatverandering

klimaatverandering (plural klimaatveranderings or klimaatveranderinge)

klimaatveranderings (plural)
klimaatveranderinge (plural)

From klimaat + verandering, calque of English climate change.


grondboon

grondboon (plural grondbone, diminutive grondboontjie)

grondbone (plural)
grondboontjie (diminutive)

Compound of grond (“ground”) + boon (“bean”).


heuning

From Dutch honing, from Middle Dutch honich, from Old Dutch honig, from Proto-Germanic *hunagą.


heuningby

From Dutch honingbij. Equivalent to heuning + by.


hommelby

From Dutch hommelbij (“drone, bumblebee”). Equivalent to hommel (“drone”) + by (“bee”). Compare Dutch hommel (“bumblebee”).


hermelyn

From Dutch hermelijn (“stoat, ermine”), from Middle Dutch hermelijn.


studam

From Dutch stuwdam. Equivalent to stu + dam.


stewel

From Dutch stevel, late Middle Dutch stēvele, ultimately from Old French estival or estivel. Likely reinforced by Dutch Low Saxon stevel, German Low German Stevel or German Stiefel.


vroegstuk

From vroeg + stuk, calque of German Frühstück.


gehug

gehug (plural gehugte, diminutive gehuggie)

From Dutch gehucht (“hamlet”), from Middle Dutch gehochte (“hamlet”).

(chiefly diminutive) hamlet, tiny settlement (often without a church)


nedersetting

nedersetting (plural nedersettings or nedersettinge (dated), diminutive nedersettinkie)

nedersettings (plural)
nedersettinge (dated plural)
nedersettinkie (diminutive)

/ˈnɪə̯.dərˌsɛ.təŋ/


mierleeu

mierleeu (plural mierleeus, diminutive mierleeutjie)

mierleeus (plural)
mierleeutjie (diminutive)


bewer

From Dutch bever, from Middle Dutch bēver, from Old Dutch *bevar, from Proto-Germanic *bebruz.


ouerskap

From Dutch ouderschap. Equivalent to ouer + -skap.


bitterbal

A relatively recent borrowing from Dutch bitterbal.

(rare) A spherical croquette filled with ragout.


windmeul

windmeul (plural windmeulens or windmeules, diminutive windmeultjie)

windmeulens (plural)
windmeules (plural)
windmeultjie (diminutive)

From Dutch windmolen. Equivalent to wind + meul.


skrikkeljaar

From Dutch schrikkeljaar, from Middle Dutch schrickeljaer. Related to skrik (to get startled, jump from a scare).


skootrekenaar

skootrekenaar (plural skootrekenaars, diminutive skootrekenaartjie)

skootrekenaars (plural)
skootrekenaartjie (diminutive)

Compound of skoot (“lap”) + rekenaar (“computer”).

laptop (portable computer with a clamshell design)


orrel

orrel (plural orrels, diminutive orreltjie)

From Dutch orgel, from Middle Dutch orgele, from earlier orgene, from Latin organa, plural of organum, from Ancient Greek ὄργανον (órganon).


seevoël

From Dutch zeevogel. Equivalent to see (“sea”) + voël (“bird”).


platejoggie

/ˈplɑːtəˌjɔχi/

From plaat (“disc, record”) + -e- + joggie (“jockey, caddie, servant boy”), calque of English disc jockey.

com

2019, Riette Hugo, Vrae en feite vir nuuskierige agies #2, Penguin Random House South Africa (publ.).
Suid-Afrika mag ver van die groot internasionale sterre af wees, maar hier is ook ongelooflike platejoggies.

South Africa may be far away from the big international stars, but there are also excellent disc jockeys here.


kweekhuis

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kweekhuis (plural kweekhuise, diminutive kweekhuisie)

kweekhuise (plural)
kweekhuisie (diminutive)

From Dutch kweekhuis. Equivalent to kweek + huis.


kweekhuiseffek

From kweekhuis + effek, calque of English greenhouse effect.

greenhouse effect
greenhouse effect#English


kweekhuisgas

From kweekhuis + gas, calque of English greenhouse gas.


krygsgevangene

From Dutch krijgsgevangene. Equivalent to kryg + -s- + gevangene.


patrys

From Dutch patrijs, from Middle Dutch patrise, from older partrise, from Old French pertriz, variant of perdriz, from Latin perdīx, from Ancient Greek πέρδιξ (pérdix).


oewer

From Dutch oever, from Middle Dutch oever, from Old Dutch *uovar, from Proto-Germanic *ōferaz.


naguil

Compound of nag (“night”) + uil (“owl”). The sense “night owl” comes from English night owl.

nightjar, bird of the family Caprimulgidae


beskerming

From Dutch bescherming, from Middle Dutch bescherminge. Equivalent to beskerm + -ing.


oorblyfsel

oorblyfsel (plural oorblyfsels, diminutive oorblyfseltjie)

oorblyfsels (plural)
oorblyfseltjie (diminutive)

From Dutch overblijfsel. Equivalent to oorbly + -sel.

remnant, remainder, something that remains


buiteland

From Dutch buitenland. Equivalent to buite + land.


skeldparty

From Dutch scheldpartij. Equivalent to skel + party.

(rare) A bout or fit of using insults and profanity; (if mutual) a slanging match.


ligtoring

From Dutch lichttoren. Equivalent to lig + toring.


bokant

From Dutch bovenkant. Equivalent to bo + kant.


komplekse getal

komplekse getal (plural komplekse getalle)

Probably a calque, compare Dutch complex getal, English complex number.


komplekse getalle

komplekse getal
komplekse getal#Afrikaans


magsverheffing

From Dutch machtsverheffing. Equivalent to mag + -s- + verheffing.

(mathematics) exponentiation, the activity of raising something to the power of something


funksie

(mathematics) function (relation that uniquely maps elements of a domain to elements of a codomain)

(biology) function, physiological activity


webwerf

From web + werf, calque of English website.


differensiasie

differentiation (creation of difference)

(calculus) differentiation (differentiating, calculating the derivative)


dialek

From Dutch dialect, from Middle French dialecte, from Latin dialectus, from Ancient Greek διάλεκτος (diálektos).


topverkoper

best-seller, especially a best-selling book


ontdekkingsreisiger

From Dutch ontdekkingsreiziger. Equivalent to ontdekking + -s- + reisiger.

explorer, one who explores by travelling


reisiger

reisiger (plural reisigers, diminutive reisigertjie)

reisigers (plural)
reisigertjie (diminutive)

From Dutch reiziger, from Middle Dutch reisiger, borrowed from Middle High German reisiger (“soldier on horseback”).


kampioenskap

championship (competition to determine a champion)

championship (state or quality of being a champion)


maanskyn

From Dutch maneschijn, from Middle Dutch maneschijn. Equivalent to maan + skyn.

moonshine, moonlight (light from the moon)


maneskyn

From Dutch maneschijn, from Middle Dutch maneschijn. Equivalent to maan + -e- + skyn.


kruistog

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kruistog (plural kruistogte, diminutive kruistoggie)

kruistogte (plural)
kruistoggie (diminutive)

From Dutch kruistocht. Equivalent to kruis + tog.

crusade (religious war by mediaeval Latin Christians)


kerkvader

From Dutch kerkvader, from Latin Pater Ecclēsiae. Equivalent to kerk + vader.

Church Father (early male Christian author regarded authoritative)


mynwerker

From Dutch mijnwerker. Equivalent to myn + werker.


goudmyn

goudmyn (plural goudmyne, diminutive goudmyntjie)

goudmyne (plural)
goudmyntjie (diminutive)

From Dutch goudmijn. Equivalent to goud + myn.

gold mine (mine where gold is extracted)


diamantmyn

From Dutch diamantmijn. Equivalent to diamant + myn.


mynskag

From Dutch mijnschacht. Equivalent to myn + skag.


mynbou

From Dutch mijnbouw. Equivalent to myn + bou.


silwermyn

From Dutch zilvermijn. Equivalent to silwer + myn.


kleim

Borrowed from English claim, from Middle English claimen, from Old French claimer, from Latin clamo.

claim, legal right to exclusively extract resources from a certain area


kleilat

A twig or stick with a lump of clay or mud on one end that is launched by swinging the stick, used in children's games.


rooinekke

Ons het dan van die begin van die oorlog af gebid dat die vervloekte Rooinekke die land uitgesmyt mag word. En nou blyk dit dat die Rooinekke tog die baas gaan wees. Wel, dan is daar geen God nie, anders sou Hy ons gebede mos verhoor het!

1902, Henri Sicco Oosterhagen, C. C. Eloff, Oorlogsdagboekie van H. S. Oosterhagen, Raad vir Geesteswetenskaplike Navorsing, published 1976:

From the beginning of the war we prayed that the cursed rooinekke might be cast out of the land. And now it seems that the rooinekke will be the master after all. Well, then there is no God, otherwise he emphatically would have listened to our prayers!


kapana

Mnr. Lion Kahimise, 'n gemeenskapsbeampte van Windhoek, noem verder geen kapana sal verkoop mag word nie.

2020 April 23, “Informele markte word opgeknap, ontsmet”, in Republikein:

Mr Lion Kahimise, a community official from Windhoek, furthermore mentions that no kapana will be allowed to be sold.

Die informele handelaars sal nie met die kopers in fisieke kontak kom nie. Kapana (vleis) sal vooraf berei en as wegneem-ete verkoop word, sê Kanime.

2020 April 29, “Eers gesondheidsinspeksie voor mark open: Lang wag nog nie verby”, in Republikein:

The informal sellers will not come into physical contact with the buyers. Kapana (meat) will be prepared beforehand and sold as take-away food, Kanime says.

Ook mnr. Sam Itherenga wil graag weer sy kapana verkoop sodat hy geld na sy familie in die Noorde kan stuur.

2020 May 13, “Tot 4 000 straatverkopers sonder inkomste: Oop markte slegs vir wettige verkopers”, in Republikein:

Also Mr Sam Itherenga would like to sell his kapana again so he can send money to his family in the north.

(Namibia) kapana (barbecued meat, especially as street food)


stofsuier

stofsuier (plural stofsuiers, diminutive stofsuiertjie)

stofsuiers (plural)
stofsuiertjie (diminutive)

From Dutch stofzuiger or perhaps from German Staubsauger.

vacuum cleaner (mobile appliance for removing dust and rubbish)


oond

From Dutch oven with loss of intervocalic -v- (as in aand, bly, glo) and paragogic -d. Further from Middle Dutch oven, from Old Dutch *ovan, from Proto-Germanic *ufnaz, *uhnaz.


rondawel

→ English: rondavel

→ Venda: randavhula


skroef

skroef (plural skroewe, diminutive skroefie)


teiken

From dialectal Dutch teiken, from Middle Dutch têken, teiken, from Old Dutch *tēkan, *teikan, from Proto-Germanic *taikną. Doublet of teken (“sign”), from standard Dutch teken. Cognate with German Zeichen, English token.

Ons moet analiseer waarom ons die vasgestelde teikens nie bereik het nie.

We must analyse why we haven’t reached the predetermined goals.


kardoes

kardoes (plural kardoese, diminutive kardoesie)

kardoese (plural)
kardoesie (diminutive)

Inherited from Dutch kardoes (“blackpowder load”), from Middle French cartouche, Italian cartoccio, derived from Latin carta.

inh+

paper cone; piece of paper (usually small) twisted into a cone or spout shape, in which items like sweets or tobacco can be stored

(historical) packaging of black powder charges for cannons and firearms


kanonnier

From Dutch kanonnier, from Middle French canonnier. Equivalent to kanon + -ier.


soewereiniteit

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soewereiniteit (plural -e, diminutive -)

From Dutch soevereiniteit. Equivalent to soewerein + -iteit.


soewerein

From Dutch soeverein, from Old French soverain. Influenced in the first vowel by Middle French souverain and French souverain.


wanprestasie

(law) non-performance, breach of contract


sneeupop

From Dutch sneeuwpop. Equivalent to sneeu + pop.


lieweheersbesie

ladybug, ladybird, insectivore beetle of the family Coccinellidae


sandsteen

From Dutch zandsteen, from Middle Dutch sandsteen.


sandkasteel

sandkasteel (plural sandkastele, diminutive sandkasteeltjie)

sandkastele (plural)
sandkasteeltjie (diminutive)

From Dutch zandkasteel. Equivalent to sand + kasteel.


spikkel

spikkel (plural spikkels, diminutive spikkeltjie)

spikkels (plural)
spikkeltjie (diminutive)

From Dutch spikkel, from Middle Dutch speckel.


lugwaardin

lugwaardin (plural lugwaardinne, diminutive lugwaardinnetjie)

lugwaardinne (plural)
lugwaardinnetjie (diminutive)

From lug + waardin, calque of English air hostess.


eetlus

From Dutch eetlust, equivalent to eet + lus.


vorstehuis

From Dutch vorstenhuis. Equivalent to vors + -e- + huis.


swaer

swaer (plural swaers, diminutive swaertjie)

From Dutch zwager, from Middle Dutch swager, from Old Dutch *swāgar, from Proto-West Germanic *swāgr, from Proto-Germanic *swēgraz.


snawel

snawel (plural snawels, diminutive snaweltjie)

snawels (plural)
snaweltjie (diminutive)


disfemisme

disfemisme (plural disfemismen, diminutive disfemismetjie)

disfemismen (plural)
disfemismetjie (diminutive)


reier

reier (plural reiers, diminutive reiertjie)

From Dutch reiger, from Middle Dutch reiger.

heron, waterbird of the family Ardeidae.


aanneemlikheid

From Dutch aannemelijkheid, equivalent to aanneemlik + -heid.


ysberg

ysberg (plural ysberge, diminutive ysbergie)

From Dutch ijsberg, from Middle Dutch ijsberch. Equivalent to ys (“ice”) + berg (“mountain”).

iceberg (mountain-size mass of floating ice)


amputasie

From Dutch amputatie, from Middle French amputation, from Latin amputātiō.

amputation (surgical removal of a body part)


kernfisika

Compound of kern + fisika, compare Dutch kernfysica and German Kernphysik.


oggend

From Dutch ochtend, from Middle Dutch ochtent, earlier ochte, from Old Dutch *ūhto, from Proto-Germanic *unhtwô.


boepens

boepens (plural boepense, diminutive boepensie)

boepense (plural)
boepensie (diminutive)

From Dutch boekpens (“omasum”), named after the laminae (leafets) in the omasum, a common naming practice in German languages (compare German Kalender, English bible, etc.). Also compare Dutch pens (“stomach (intestine), tripe; potbelly”).


kariboe

Borrowed from English caribou, from Canadian French caribou, from Mi'kmaq qalipu (“caribou”) from Proto-Algonquian *maka·lipowa (“caribou; it shovels snow”).


vullis

From dialectal Dutch vullis, contraction of vuilnis, from Middle Dutch vuulnesse, from vuul (“rotten”) + -nesse, -nisse (“-ness”), whence Afrikaans vuil and -nis.


bloedbaan

From Dutch bloedbaan. Equivalent to bloed + baan.


skanddaad

From Dutch schanddaad. Equivalent to skande + daad.


gemenebes

/χəˌmɪə̯.nəˈbɛs/


skande

From Dutch schande, from Middle Dutch schande, from Old Dutch *skanda, from Proto-Germanic *skandō.


bloedskande

From Dutch bloedschande. Equivalent to bloed + skande.


bakoorjakkals

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bakoorjakkals (plural bakoorjakkalse, diminutive bakoorjakkalsie)

bakoorjakkalse (plural)
bakoorjakkalsie (diminutive)

Compound of bakoor (“large protruding ear”) + jakkals (“jackal”).

com

Otocyon megalotis
Otocyon megalotis#Translingual


ghong

Borrowed from English gong or otherwise from Dutch gong, from Malay gong.


seehawe

Compound of see + hawe, from Dutch zeehaven.


skeurmaker

From Dutch scheurmaker. Equivalent to skeur + maak + -er.

One who sows or effects division; a divisive figure, seceder or schismatic.


bokwiet

From a dialectal (presumably Hollandic) form of Dutch boekweit, from Middle Dutch boecweit.


vliegdekskip

From Dutch vliegdekschip. Equivalent to vliegdek + skip.


vliegdek

Either a calque of English flight deck or borrowed from Dutch vliegdek. Equivalent to vlieg + dek.

flight deck, e.g. of an aircraft carrier


kleremaker

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kleremaker (plural kleremakers, diminutive kleermakertjie, feminine kleremaakster)

kleremakers (plural)
kleermakertjie (diminutive)
kleremaakster (feminine)

From Dutch kleermaker, from Middle Dutch cledermakere with loss of intervocalic -d. Equivalent to klere + maker.

tailor (person who produces, repairs or remodels clothing professionally)


bloedvergieting

bloedvergieting (plural bloedvergietings or bloedvergietinge (dated))

bloedvergietings (plural)
bloedvergietinge (dated plural)

From Dutch bloedvergieting. Equivalent to bloed + vergieting.


strydwa

From Dutch strijdwagen. Equivalent to stryd + wa.


beswaarskrif

From Dutch bezwaarschrift. Equivalent to beswaar (“objection”) + skrif (“document”).

compound

(law) statement or written notice of appeal


goudstuk

From Dutch goudstuk. Equivalent to goud + stuk.


motordief

Compound of motor (“car”) + dief (“thief”).


oormôre

/uə̯rˈmɔːrə/

Inherited from Dutch overmorgen; equivalent to oor (“over”) + môre (“tomorrow”).

day after tomorrow
day after tomorrow#English

(by extension) the (intermediate to more distant) future


skemerkelk

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skemerkelk (plural skemerkelke, diminutive skemerkelkie)

skemerkelke (plural)
skemerkelkie (diminutive)

→ Dutch: schemerkelkje

(chiefly diminutive) sundowner (cocktail drunk at sunset)


krokodiltrane

From Dutch krokodillentranen. Equivalent to krokodil + trane.

crocodile tears (insincere display of sadness)


aanleerderswoordeboek

Compound of aanleerder + -s- + woordeboek. Perhaps a calque of English learner's dictionary.

learner's dictionary (dictionary, monolingual or multilingual, aimed towards learners of a language)


broodrol

broodrol (plural broodrolle, diminutive broodrolletjie)

broodrolle (plural)
broodrolletjie (diminutive)

From brood + rol, calque of English bread roll.

(chiefly diminutive) bread roll, roll, bun


vraestel

vraestel (plural vraestelle, diminutive vraestelletjie)

vraestelle (plural)
vraestelletjie (diminutive)

set of exam questions on an examination form


worshond

worshond (plural worshonde, diminutive worshondjie)

worshonde (plural)
worshondjie (diminutive)

Compound of wors (“sausage”) + hond (“dog”). Compare English wiener dog.

Albei worshonde is swart met bruin merke om die ken, pote en boude.

2007, Emile Joubert, Kouefront. Kortverhale, page 94:

Both dachshunds are black with brown blots around the chin, legs and buttocks.


wêreldkaart

From Dutch wereldkaart. Equivalent to wêreld + kaart.


snelstrik

From snel + strik, probably a calque of English speed trap.


kabelspoor

cable car (hanging carriage infrastructure)


kankerbos

kankerbos (plural kankerbosse, diminutive kankerbossie)

kankerbosse (plural)
kankerbossie (diminutive)

→ English: cancer bush (calque)

Compound of kanker (“cancer (disease)”) + bos (“shrub, bush”). Named after one of its uses in folk medicine.


strandjut

Hyaena brunnea
Hyaena brunnea#Translingual


gevreet

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gevreet (plural gevrete, diminutive gevreetjie)

gevrete (plural)
gevreetjie (diminutive)

From Dutch gevreet. Related to vreet. The meaning “face” may derive from German Gefräss.

(uncountable, informal) the act of eating


daggazol

daggazol (plural daggazolle, diminutive daggazolletjie)

daggazolle (plural)
daggazolletjie (diminutive)

Gedurende haar wildste jare in Johannesburg het sy elke oggend 'n hand vol pille, 'n vet daggazol en enige ander beskikbare verbode middels nodig gehad net om aangetrek te kom.

2003, Marita van der Vyver, Vergenoeg, page 199:

During her wildest years in Johannesburg she needed a handful of pills, a massive joint and some other available illegal drugs every morning just to get dressed.


bokker

(vulgar, slang) bugger (a foolish or worthless person)


amptenaar

amptenaar (plural amptenaars or amptenare)


Egiptenaar

Egiptenaar (plural Egiptenaars or Egiptenare, diminutive Egiptenaartjie)

Egiptenaars (plural)
Egiptenare (plural)
Egiptenaartjie (diminutive)


offisier

From Dutch officier, from Middle Dutch officier, from Old French officier, from Latin officiārius.


skelm

From Dutch schelm, from German Schelm or Middle Low German schelm.


skerm

screen, monitor (of an electronic device)


steranys

From Dutch steranijs. Equivalent to ster + anys.


tarentaal

Likely onomatopoeic, after the bird's cry, but sometimes claimed to be from Latin terra nātālis, the etymon of Natal.


bloukraanvoël

Grus paradisea
Grus paradisea#Translingual


flamink

From Dutch flamingo, from Portuguese flamingo, from Spanish flamenco, from Old Occitan flamenc.

flamingo, bird of the family Phoenicopteridae


kwêvoël

Onomatopoeic, after the call + voël (“bird”).

Corythaixoides concolor
Corythaixoides concolor#Translingual

the go-away bird, Corythaixoides concolor


woonwa

caravan (vehicle with living space that is towed behind a car)


tierboskat

From tier (“tiger/leopard”) + boskat (“bush cat”).


hawehoof

From Dutch havenhoofd. Equivalent to hawe + hoof.


kalwerliefde

From Dutch kalverliefde. Equivalent to kalwer- (“calf, young bovine”) + liefde (“love”).

compound

puppy love, calf love; a youthful, immature form of love often associated with young people.


karabyn

From Dutch karabijn, from Middle French carabin.


kerkdiens

From Dutch kerkdienst. Equivalent to kerk (“church”) + diens (“service”).

church service (Christian religious meeting taking place in accordance with liturgy)


akupunktuur

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akupunktuur (usually uncountable, plural akupunkture)

/ɑkɨpœŋkˈtɨːr/


voortuin

voortuin (plural voortuine, diminutive voortuintjie)

voortuine (plural)
voortuintjie (diminutive)

From Dutch voortuin. Equivalent to voor + tuin.


waterpomp

From Dutch waterpomp. Equivalent to water + pomp.


siekeboeg

From Dutch ziekenboeg. Equivalent to sieke + boeg.


donderstorm

From donder + storm, perhaps a calque of English thunderstorm.


kopermyn

From Dutch kopermijn. Equivalent to koper + myn.


aggressie

From Dutch agressie, from Middle French agression. The spelling with double g has been influenced by English aggression.


alliansie

From Dutch alliantie, from Middle Dutch alliancie, from Middle French alliance, from Old French aliance.


bondgenootskap

From Dutch bondgenootschap. Equivalent to bondgenoot + -skap.


ossewa

From Dutch ossenwagen. Equivalent to os (“ox”) + -e- + wa (“cart, wagon, car”).


boodskap

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boodskap (plural boodskappe, diminutive boodskappie)

boodskappe (plural)
boodskappie (diminutive)

From Dutch boodschap, from Middle Dutch bodescap, from Old Dutch *bodaskap. Equivalent to bode + -skap.


horlosie

horlosie (plural horlosies, diminutive horlosietjie)

horlosies (plural)
horlosietjie (diminutive)

/ɦɔrˈlʊə̯si/

From older Dutch horlogie (now horloge), from Middle Dutch orlogie, from Old French orloge, from Latin hōrologium, from Ancient Greek ὡρολόγιον (hōrológion).


nagereg

nagereg (plural nageregte, diminutive nagereggie)

nageregte (plural)
nagereggie (diminutive)

/ˈnɑː.χəˌrɛχ/

From Dutch nagerecht. Equivalent to na + gereg.


voorgereg

voorgereg (plural voorgeregte, diminutive voorgereggie)

voorgeregte (plural)
voorgereggie (diminutive)

/ˈfoːr.χəˌrɛχ/

From Dutch voorgerecht. Equivalent to voor + gereg.


leeftyd

From Dutch leeftijd. Equivalent to leef + tyd.


koeël

Either from Dutch kogel or directly from German Kugel


spieël

→ Xhosa: isipili

From Dutch spiegel, from Middle Dutch spiegel, from Medieval Latin spēglum, from Latin speculum.


vetberg

vetberg (plural vetberge, diminutive vetbergie)

vetberge (plural)
vetbergie (diminutive)

Calque of English fatberg. Equivalent to vet (“fat”) + berg (“mountain”).

a large accumulation of fat and discarded toiletries which clogs sewers; a fatberg


bedryf

bedryf (plural bedrywe, diminutive bedryfie)


huwelik

From Middle Dutch huwelic, huweleec, compound of huwen (“to marry”) + leec (“singing; playing, game”), thus originally referring to the wedding celebration (or less likely the sexual union). Compare Dutch huwelijk.


burgerlike verbintenis

burgerlike verbintenis (plural burgerlike verbintenisse)

civil partnership, civil union (legal union to regulate the relationships of gay and lesbian couples)


burgerlike verbintenisse

burgerlike verbintenis
burgerlike verbintenis#Afrikaans


melkskommel

melkskommel (plural melkskommels, diminutive melkskommeltjie)

melkskommels (plural)
melkskommeltjie (diminutive)

From melk + skommel, calque of English milkshake.


slimfoon

From slim + foon, calque of English smartphone.


dokkie

2014, Leon van Nierop, Vuurvreter, LAPA Uitgewers (publ.).
Sy spring op en klap hom saggies seen sy rug. “Dis fantasties! Dit gaan deel wees van ons dokkie. Hierdie skote is goud en...”

She jumps up and softly pats him on his back. "This is fantastic! This is going to be part of our docu. These shots are gold and..."


wynruit

From Dutch wijnruit. Equivalent to wyn + ruit.

Ruta graveolens
Ruta graveolens#Translingual


Katoliek

From Dutch katholiek, from Latin catholicus, from Ancient Greek κᾰθολῐκός (kătholĭkós).


koors

From Dutch koorts, from Middle Dutch corts, further etymology unknown.


makoppa

Borrowed from Northern or Southern Sotho.


aankomeling

From Dutch aankomeling. Equivalent to aankom + -e- + -ling.


baasspeler

A bossy person, someone who often acts as if in charge.


meerderheidsbelang

(business, uncommon) majority stake, majority interest


stokkielekker

Compound of stokkie (“stick”) + lekker (“sweet, candy”).

com+

2013, Cheryl Rogers, Die regte tyd, LAPA Uitgewers (publ.).
Hy sou vir haar stokkielekkers en sjokolade ook aangedra het as sy oud genoeg was om dit te kon eet.

He would have also brought lollipops and chocolate along had she been old enough to be able to eat it.


suigstokkie

Compound of suig (“to suck”) + stokkie (“stick”).

2007, Etienne Van Heerden, Asbesmiddag, Tafelberg (publ.).
Hulle het 'n suigstokkie vir die kind — dis duidelik dat hulle goed voorbereid gekom het.

They have a lollipop for the child — it's clear that have come well prepared.


seeskap

From see + -skap, calque of English seascape.

2017, Vita du Preez, Wilde klawer, LAPA Uitgewers (publ.).
'n Olieverfskildery van 'n vuurtoring, 'n hawetoneel en verskeie ander vintage seeskappe hang hulle bokant die buffet in die eetkamer.

They hang an oil painting of a lighthouse, a harbour scene and various other vintage seascapes above the sideboard in the dining room.


seekomkommer

From Dutch zeekomkommer. Equivalent to see + komkommer.

sea cucumber, echinoderm of the class Holothuroidea


vaatweefsel

From Dutch vaatweefsel. Equivalent to vat (“vein”) + weefsel (“tissue”).


afdelingswinkel

From afdeling + -s- + winkel, calque of English department store.


strepieskode

From strepie + -s- + kode, calque of Dutch streepjescode, a calque of English barcode.


staafkode

/ˈstɑːfˌkʊə̯də/

From staaf + kode, calque of English barcode.


aalfuike

/ˈɑːl.fœɪ̯.kə/


aalbessie

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aalbessie (plural aalbessies, diminutive aalbessietjie)

aalbessies (plural)
aalbessietjie (diminutive)

From Dutch aalbes. Related to bessie (“berry”), but the element aal- is of uncertain provenance.


skoolvoeding

school meal, school meals (food/meals provided by school)


lasterveldtog

Compound of laster + veldtog. Cf. Dutch lasterveldtocht.


kieliebak

'n Dans van wang teen wang, 'n neus in elke agternek, 'n neus in elke kieliebak.

1997, Johann de Lange, Soort soek soort. 'n Versameling alternatiewe ervarings, page 100:

A dance of jowl to jowl, a nose in every nape of the neck, a nose in every armpit.


stoomroller

From stoom + roller, calque of English steamroller.


outomatiese tellermasjien

outomatiese tellermasjien (plural outomatiese tellermasjiene)

Borrowed from English automatic teller machine.

automated teller machine
automated teller machine

automatic teller machine
automatic teller machine

automated teller machine, automatic teller machine


heipaal

/ˈɦəi̯.pɑːl/

From Dutch heipaal. Equivalent to hei + paal.

A pile (pole or beam driven into the ground as part of a foundation).


boschjesman

From Dutch boschjesman, from boschje + man.

A Bosjesman, Bushman; a member from one of the tribes native to Southwestern Africa.


konsentrasiekamp

From konsentrasie + kamp, calque of English concentration camp.


paddavoet

Compound of padda (“frog”) + voet (“foot”).

(chiefly in the plural) A flipper, a fin (swimming gear).


tekkie

→ English: takkie


breekwater

Borrowed from English breakwater, or possibly from Dutch breekwater, which borrowed it from English. Equivalent to breek + water.


siektekiem

From Dutch ziektekiem. Equivalent to siekte (“disease, sickness”) + kiem.

(uncommon, chiefly in the plural) A germ, a pathogen.


verassing

From Dutch verassing. Equivalent to veras + -s + -ing.


Kosovaar

Kosovaar (plural Kosovare, diminutive Kosovaartjie)

Kosovare (plural)
Kosovaartjie (diminutive)

Kosovan; Kosovar (person from Kosovo or of Kosovan descent)


veldfliek

From veld (“field”) + fliek (“film, movie”), based on English drive-in movie.


inry

Calque of English drive-in, after etymology 1.

A drive-in, an outdoor cinema accessed in one's car.


optog

optog (plural optogte, diminutive optoggie)

From Dutch optocht. By surface analysis, op + tog.

a procession; a steady forward movement or progression


kosmenger

/ˈkɔsˌmɛŋər/

Compound of kos + menger; perhaps a calque of English food mixer.


bromponie

2019, Jaco Jacobs, Monsterpizza, Lapa Uitgewer (publ.).
Die bromponie staan voor die winkel en wag. Agter op die bromponie is 'n spesiale houer. Zia se pa het dit self ontwerp. Dit hou die pizzas warm.

The motorscooter is standing in front of the store waiting. On the back of the motorscooter is a special container. Zia's father invented it himself. It keeps the pizzas warm.


tiekieboks

Borrowed from English tickey box. Equivalent to tiekie + boks.


veselperske

Compound of vesel (“fibre”) + perske (“peach”).


honneursstudent

From honneurs + student, calque of English honours student.


vonkprop

From vonk + prop, calque of English spark plug.


duikweg

2016, Chanette Paul, Offerande, part 2 of the Offer series, LAPA Uitgewers.
Caz kom tot stilstand en sorg dat sy met haar rug na die donker duikweg staan.

Caz comes to a standstill and makes sure that she stands with her back towards the dark tunnel.


spoedbult

From spoed + bult, calque of English speed bump.


branderplank

branderplank (plural branderplanke, diminutive branderplankie)

branderplanke (plural)
branderplankie (diminutive)

From brander + plank, calque of English surfboard.


inryteater

From inry + teater, calque of English drive-in theater.

A drive-in theater, an outdoor cinema accessed in one's car.


stadsaal

stadsaal (plural stadsale, diminutive stadsaaltjie)

stadsale (plural)
stadsaaltjie (diminutive)

From stad + saal, calque of English city hall.


kontak

From Dutch contact, from French contact, from Latin contactus.


veteraanmotor

veteraanmotor (plural veteraanmotors, diminutive veteraanmotortjie)

veteraanmotors (plural)
veteraanmotortjie (diminutive)

/fɪə̯.təˈrɑːnˌmʊə̯.tər/

Verder was daar sy voorliefde om met nederige ou motortjies rond te ry, wat seker heelwat méér werd sou wees as hulle, goed gepoleerd, saam met veteraanmotors uitgestal sou word.

Besides there was his preference to drive around with humble old little cars, that would surely be worth very much more if they, well-polished, would be exhibited together with classic cars.


teerpad

teerpad (plural teerpaaie, diminutive teerpaadjie)

teerpaaie (plural)
teerpaadjie (diminutive)


verjaarsdag

From Dutch verjaardag. Equivalent to verjaar + -s- + dag.


woonstel

woonstel (plural woonstelle, diminutive woonstelletjie)

woonstelle (plural)
woonstelletjie (diminutive)


haarspeld

Borrowed from Dutch haarspeld. Equivalent to haar + speld.


haarnaald

From Dutch haarnaald. Equivalent to haar + naald.


winkelsentrum

winkelsentrum (plural winkelsentrums or winkelsentra, diminutive winkelsentrumpie)

winkelsentrums (plural)
winkelsentra (plural)
winkelsentrumpie (diminutive)

From Dutch winkelcentrum or a direct calque of English shopping centre. Equivalent to winkel + sentrum.


poskantoor

poskantoor (plural poskantore, diminutive postkantoortjie)

poskantore (plural)
postkantoortjie (diminutive)

From Dutch postkantoor. Equivalent to pos + kantoor.


skarminkel

From Dutch scharminkel (“scrag, scrawny creature or object”), probably semantically influenced by an obsolete sense like “demon” or “skeleton”, from Middle Dutch scheminkel, from older siminkel (“monkey, ape”), ultimately from Late Latin *simiunculus or its feminine form, from simius (“monkey”), or alternatively from Middle Dutch simme with a Dutch diminutive.

inh

Hy's 'n regte skarminkel!


huisie-huisie

mommies and daddies, the game of playing house (children's game)


piering

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piering (plural pierings, diminutive pierinkie)

pierings (plural)
pierinkie (diminutive)

Borrowed from Malay piring, from Classical Persian پرنگ (piring, “copper”).


nooiensvan

From nooi + -ens- + van, calque of English maiden name.

Staan u miskien ingeskryf onder u nooiensvan?

Are you perhaps registered under your maiden name?


naweek

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naweek (plural naweke, diminutive nawekie)

/ˈnɑː.vɪə̯k/


sonneblom

→ Sotho: sonobolomo

From Dutch zonnebloem. Equivalent to son + -e- + blom.

A sunflower, flower of the genus Helianthus.


vrugteskommel

Compound of vrug + -e- + skommel, modelled on melkskommel.


skaatsplank

From skaats + plank, calque of English skateboard.


gebaretaal

/χəˈbɑː.rəˌtɑːl/

From Dutch gebarentaal. Equivalent to gebaar (“gesture, sign”) + -e- + taal (“language”).


speelgrond

From speel + grond, calque of English playground.


pynstiller

From Dutch pijnstiller. Equivalent to pyn + stil + -er.


spyker

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spyker (plural spykers, diminutive spykertjie)

spykers (plural)
spykertjie (diminutive)

→ Fwe: kà-píkírì

→ Sotho: sepekere

→ Zulu: sipikili

Fanagalo: spikil

From Dutch spijker, from Middle Dutch spiker.

nail (metal pin used as a fastener by piercing objects together)


erfenisgebied

From erfenis + gebied, calque of English heritage site.


sakdoek

sakdoek (plural sakdoeke, diminutive sakdoekie)

sakdoeke (plural)
sakdoekie (diminutive)

→ Sotho: sakatuku

From Dutch zakdoek. Equivalent to sak + doek.


kinderwa

kinderwa (plural kinderwaens, diminutive kinderwaentjie)

kinderwaens (plural)
kinderwaentjie (diminutive)

From Dutch kinderwagen. Equivalent to kinder (“child”) + wa (“car, vehicle”).

(chiefly diminutive) A baby carriage, a pram, a stroller.


melktand

melktand (plural melktande, diminutive melktandjie)

melktande (plural)
melktandjie (diminutive)

From Dutch melktand. Equivalent to melk + tand.


staatshoof

From Dutch staatshoofd. Equivalent to staat + -s- + hoof.


skottelgoed

(collective) the dishes (in particular in the context of washing up)


tandeborsel

tandeborsel (plural tandeborsels, diminutive tandeborseltjie)

tandeborsels (plural)
tandeborseltjie (diminutive)


egpaar

egpaar (plural egpare, diminutive egpaartjie)

From Dutch echtpaar. Equivalent to eg (“marriage”) + paar (“couple”).


loopafstand

German: Gehabstand (calque)

From loop (“walk”) + afstand (“distance”).

walking distance; the distance of a comfortable walk


Oegandees

Oegandees (plural Oegandese, diminutive Oegandesie)

Oegandese (plural)
Oegandesie (diminutive)


buikholte

buikholte (plural buikholtes, diminutive buikholtetjie)

buikholtes (plural)
buikholtetjie (diminutive)

From Dutch buikholte. Compound of buik (“stomach, abdomen”) + holte (“cavity”).


briefkaart

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briefkaart (plural briefkaarte, diminutive briefkaartjie)

briefkaarte (plural)
briefkaartjie (diminutive)

From Dutch briefkaart. Equivalent to brief + kaart.


bandopnemer

From band + opneem + -er, calque of English tape recorder.


gemeenskap

gemeenskap (plural gemeenskappe, diminutive gemeenskappie)

gemeenskappe (plural)
gemeenskappie (diminutive)

From Dutch gemeenschap, from Middle Dutch gemeenschap. Equivalent to gemeen + -skap.


tjap

Borrowed from Malay cap. Cf. Dutch sjap.

A stamp (device for imprinting designs).


diensstasie

From diens + stasie, calque of English service station.

A service station, a gas station, a petrol station.


sakevrou

From Dutch zakenvrouw. Equivalent to sake + vrou.


akkerboom

akkerboom (plural akkerbome, diminutive akkerboompie)

akkerbome (plural)
akkerboompie (diminutive)


kweekskool

kweekskool (plural kweekskole, diminutive kweekschooltjie)

kweekskole (plural)
kweekschooltjie (diminutive)

From Dutch kweekschool. Equivalent to kweek + skool.


opdrag

opdrag (plural opdragte, diminutive opdraggie)

opdragte (plural)
opdraggie (diminutive)

From Dutch opdracht, from Middle Dutch opdracht (“swelling, transfer”).


roereier

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roereier (plural roereiers, diminutive roereiertjie)

roereiers (plural)
roereiertjie (diminutive)

From Dutch roerei, probably from German Rührei. Equivalent to roer (“to stir, scramble”) + eier (“egg”).

compound

(countable) A serving of scrambled eggs; (uncountable) scrambled eggs.


duinebesie

From duin + -e- + besie, calque of English dune buggy.


straatvrou

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straatvrou (plural straatvroue or straatvrouwens)

straatvroue (plural)
straatvrouwens (plural)


foonsnol

Compound of foon (“phone”) + snol (“slut, whore”).


afwesigheid

From Dutch afwezigheid. Equivalent to afwesig + -heid.


swembad

swembad (plural swembaddens, diminutive swembadjie)

swembaddens (plural)
swembadjie (diminutive)

From Dutch zwembad. Equivalent to swem + bad.


kombers

kombers (plural komberse, diminutive kombersie)

komberse (plural)
kombersie (diminutive)

→ Kwanyama: oshikumbafa


eensaamheid

/ˈɪə̯n.sɑːm.ɦəi̯t/

From Dutch eenzaamheid. Equivalent to eensaam + -heid.


palmboom

palmboom (plural palmbome, diminutive palmboompie)

palmbome (plural)
palmboompie (diminutive)

From Dutch palmboom, from Middle Dutch palmboom, from Old Dutch [Term?]. Equivalent to palm + boom.


kwyl

From Dutch kwijl, from Middle Dutch quijl.

Daar is kwyl op jou tafel. Het jy babas of troeteldiere?

There is some saliva on your table. Do you have any babies or pets?


boemelaar

Baie boemelaars slaap in die tonnel.

Many sundowners were sleeping in the tunnel.


seisoen

From Dutch seizoen, from Middle Dutch saisoene, sysoen, from Old French saison, from Latin satiōnem.

season (group of episodes of a television or radio program broadcast in regular intervals with a long break between each group)


pampoen

pampoen (plural pampoene, diminutive pampoentjie)

pampoene (plural)
pampoentjie (diminutive)

From Dutch pampoen, obsolete variant of pompoen, from Middle French pompon.

Cucurbita pepo
Cucurbita pepo#Translingual

Luna eet elke oggend pampoen vir ontbyt.

2014, Nelia Engelbrecht, Die seun met die blou hare:

Luna eats pumpkins for breakfast every morning.


seën

From Dutch zegen, from Middle Dutch sēgen, from Old Dutch *segan, from Latin signum. Doublet of sein.

Jy is 'n seën vir die mensheid.


verwysing

verwysing (plural verwysings or verwysinge (dated))

verwysings (plural)
verwysinge (dated plural)

/fərˈʋəi̯.səŋ/

From Dutch verwijzing. Equivalent to verwys + -ing.


fisant

From a variant of Dutch fazant, from Middle Dutch faisant, rare form of fasaen, from Old French fesant, from Latin phāsiānus, from Ancient Greek φᾱσιανός (phāsianós).

pheasant, bird of the family Phasianidae


samevatting

From Dutch samenvatting. Equivalent to samevat + -ing.


daaiman

Borrowed from English diamond. Doublet of diamant.


dommie

(historical, mining) A piece of mining equipment on rollers used to sieve out valuable materials.


spraakvryheid

From spraak + vryheid, likely a calque of English freedom of speech.


uittog

uittog (plural uittogte, diminutive uittoggie)

uittogte (plural)
uittoggie (diminutive)

From Dutch uittocht. Equivalent to uit + tog.


skedel

skedel (plural skedels, diminutive skedeltjie)

skedels (plural)
skedeltjie (diminutive)

From Dutch schedel, from Middle Dutch schedele, from Old Dutch skēthila, *skeithila (“part, crown, crest, summit”), from Proto-West Germanic *skaidilu (“part in the hair, top, crown, crest, summit”).


feeks

(derogatory) shrew, bitch (malicious or bad-tempered woman)


plesier

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plesier (uncountable, diminutive plesiertjie)

From Dutch plezier, from Middle French plaisir, from Old French plaisir, from Latin placeō.


drup

From Dutch drup, from drop, from Middle Dutch drop. The sense “drip” is a semantic loan from English drip.


publikasie

From Dutch publicatie, from Middle Dutch publicatie, from Middle French publication, from Latin pūblicātiō.


wysheid

From Dutch wijsheid, from Middle Dutch wijsheit, from Old Dutch wīshēt. Equivalent to wys + -heid.


tegniek

From Dutch techniek, from French technique, from Ancient Greek τεχνικός (tekhnikós, “of or pertaining to art, artistic, skilful”), from τέχνη (tékhnē, “art, handicraft”).

der

Sy het slimme tegnieke om aanvallers te oormeester.

She has clever techniques to subdue muggers.

Die innoverende tegnieke van die besigheid is maatskappygeheime.

The innovative technologies of the business are company secrets.


gelowige

/χəˈlʊə̯.və.χə/

From Dutch gelovige. Inflected form of gelowig.


kluisenaar

From Dutch kluizenaar, from Middle Dutch clusenâre.


geheue

From Dutch geheugen, originally a verb, from Middle Dutch gehuegen, from Old Dutch *gihuggen, from Proto-Germanic *gahugjaną.


grensoorlog

From Dutch grensoorlog. Equivalent to grens + oorlog.

A border war (war at and/or about borders).


geelperske

/ˈχɪə̯lˌpɛrs.kə/


skaamte

From Dutch schaamte, from Middle Dutch schaemde. Equivalent to skaam + -te.


borsmelk

Compound of bors + melk, likely at least influenced and reinforced by English breastmilk.


onkruiddoder

A herbicide (agent for destroying unwanted plantlife).


salmander

From Dutch salamander, from Middle Dutch salamander, from Latin salamandra, from Ancient Greek σαλαμάνδρα (salamándra). The second a was unstressed and could therefore drop out; in several Dutch dialects it is realised as schwa.


mosterdgas

Compound of mosterd + gas. Perhaps borrowed from Dutch mosterdgas or English mustard gas, ultimately from German Senfgas.


klankwet

From Dutch klankwet, from German Lautgesetz. Equivalent to klank + wet.


begripsraamwerk

Compound of begrip (“concept”) + -s- + raamwerk (“framework”).


siklus

From Dutch cyclus, from Latin cyclus, from Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos, “circle”).


spaarwiel

From spaar + wiel, calque of English spare wheel.


spaarvark

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spaarvark (plural spaarvarke, diminutive spaarvarkie)

spaarvarke (plural)
spaarvarkie (diminutive)

From spaar (“to save (up)”) + vark (“pig”). Perhaps from Dutch spaarvarken.

(chiefly diminutive) piggy bank, pig-shaped container to save change in


kneg

From Dutch knecht, from Middle Dutch cnecht, from Old Dutch *kneht, from Proto-West Germanic *kneht.


ondergrond

underground, subsoil, subsurface, bottom


ruiker

ruiker (plural ruikers, diminutive ruikertjie)

ruikers (plural)
ruikertjie (diminutive)

From Dutch ruiker, from Middle Dutch ruker. Equivalent to ruik + -er.


handruiker

From Dutch handruiker. Equivalent to hand + ruiker.


stillewe

stillewe (plural stillewes or stillewens)

From Dutch stilleven. Equivalent to stil + lewe.


inenting

/ˈənˌɛn.təŋ/

From Dutch inenting. Equivalent to inent + -ing.


vrymesselaar

vrymesselaar (plural vrymesselaars, diminutive vrymesselaartjie)

vrymesselaars (plural)
vrymesselaartjie (diminutive)

vry (“free”) + messelaar (“mason”). From Dutch vrijmetselaar.


messelaar

messelaar (plural messelaars, diminutive messelaartjie)

messelaars (plural)
messelaartjie (diminutive)

From Dutch metselaar, from Middle Dutch metselare.


plaasaanval

A farm attack, a violent crime committed or attempted at a farm.


skoorsteen

skoorsteen (plural skoorstene, diminutive skoorsteentjie)

skoorstene (plural)
skoorsteentjie (diminutive)

From Dutch schoorsteen, from Middle Dutch schoorsteen, originally meaning a fireplace supporting a smoke channel, like the word chimney.


wildekastaiing

Watse bosboom sal sy aanbeveel? Wildekastaiing. Vertel my van die boom.

2003, Dalene Matthee, Toorbos, Tafelberg, page 194:

What kind of forest tree would she recommend? Cape chestnut. Tell me about that tree.


stinkhout

"En watter hout, soos ons almal weet, is die koningshout in hierdie bos?" "Stinkhout, meneer."

2003, Dalene Matthee, Toorbos, Tafelberg, page 56:

"And which wood is, as we all know, the king of all woods in this forest?" "Black stinkwood, Sir."

any of several other tree species which release a strong smell when freshly felled, such as Celtis africana (witstinkhout), Celtis gomphophylla (growweblaarstinkhout), Prunus africana (rooistinkhout), or Celtis mildbraedii (rooivrugwitstinkhout)


witels

Hulle is baie gevaarlik; beste is om maar altijd 'n stinkhout of 'n witels in die oog te hou om in op te klim vir ingeval hulle jou jaag[…].

2003, Dalene Matthee, Toorbos, Tafelberg, page 48:

They are very dangerous; it is best to always keep an eye on a black stinkwood or a Platylophus trifoliatus to climb up in, for in case they come after you […].

Platylophus trifoliatus, a tree endemic to South Africa


ysterhout

Anderkant die witpeer staan nog een met sy takke verstrengel in 'n ysterhout soos vashou aan mekaar.

2003, Dalene Matthee, Toorbos, Tafelberg, page 173:

At the other side of the white pear stood another one with its branches tangled up in an ironwood olive, as if holding on to each other.

black ironwood, ironwood olive, Olea capensis


Samoaan

Samoaan (plural Samoane, diminutive Samoaantjie)

Samoane (plural)
Samoaantjie (diminutive)

Samoan (person from Samoa or of Samoan descent)


geelhout

[…] wat berge dwarslêers uit geelhout en stinkhout gekap en gemoot het vir die treinspore – al het min van hulle idee gehad hoe 'n regte trein lyk.

2003, Dalene Matthee, Toorbos, Tafelberg, page 34:

[…] who had cut piles of sleepers out of broad-leaved yellowwood and black stinkwood for the train tracks – even though none of them had had any idea of what an actual train looks like.

broad-leaved yellowwood
w:en:broad-leaved yellowwood

Podocarpus latifolius
Wikispecies:Podocarpus latifolius

geelhout (broad-leaved yellowwood (Podocarpus latifolius), or any other tree of genus Podocarpus)


nooduitgang

nooduitgang (plural nooduitgange, diminutive nooduitgangetjie)

nooduitgange (plural)
nooduitgangetjie (diminutive)

From Dutch nooduitgang. Compound of nood (“distress”) + uitgang (“exit”).


entstof

From Dutch entstof. Equivalent to ent + stof.


swaai

swaai (plural swaaie, diminutive swaaitjie)


respek

From Dutch respect, from Middle French respect, from Old French respect, from Latin respectus.


ogiesdraad

/ˈʊə̯.χisˌdrɑːt/

Compound of ogie (“small eye”) + -s- + draad (“wire”).


kafferkoring

→ Dutch: kafferkoren

kaffer (“African”) (now offensive) + koring (“grain”).

Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolor#Translingual

(now offensive) sorghum, Sorghum bicolor


kafferboontjie

kaffer (“African”) (now offensive) + boontjie (“bean”).

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata#Translingual

(now offensive) cowpea; Vigna unguiculata


kafferboom

kaffer (“African”) (now offensive) + boom (“tree”).

(now offensive) coral tree, especially Erythrina caffra


koraalboom

coral tree, especially Erythrina lysistemon


kafferpak

(offensive) A severe beating, literally or figuratively


klonkie

Diminutive of blend of klein (“small”) + jong (“boy”). Compare English boy (“Any non-white male, regardless of age”).

(derogatory) diminutive of klong, diminutive of klonk


Kleurling

The coloured race; a person, neither black nor white


kaffertulp

kaffer (“African”) (now offensive) + tulp (“tulip”)

(now offensive) star grass (Hypoxis spp.)


kaffertjie

Wurmbea spicata, a plant with dark flowers.

(offensive, ethnic slur) A black person, notably a (Southern African) Bantu.


kafferkraai

kaffer (“Bantu, kaffir”) + kraai (“crow”)


steekkweek

Stipagrostis namaquensis, one of several species known as bushman grass.


twagras

Any of the species of the grass genus Aristida sensu lato growing in southern Africa; bushman grass.


boesmangras

(now offensive) Any of the species of the grass genus Aristida sensu lato growing in southern Africa.


patryshout

patrys (“partridge”) + hout (“wood”). Possibly influenced by, or an influence on, the English word partridge-wood, which is sometimes used to refer to the same tree.

panga panga; the wood of Millettia stuhlmannii


broodboom

From Dutch broodboom, equivalent to brood + boom.


polvygie

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polvygie (plural polvygies, diminutive polvygie)

polvygies (plural)
polvygie (diminutive)

A plant in the family Aizoaceae, especially Bergeranthus scapiger.


meidebossie

From meid (“young Black woman”) (now offensive) + bossie (“small bush”).

af

(now offensive) uhaloa; Waltheria indica


geelmagriet

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geelmagriet (plural geelmagriets, diminutive geelmagrietjie)

geelmagriets (plural)
geelmagrietjie (diminutive)


gousblom

Any of several species of plants in the sunflower family, especially members of the tribe Arctotideae and genus Arctotis.


aasvoëlbessie

Literally, “vulture-berry”, from Dutch aasvogel + bes.

Maurocenia frangula, a shrub endemic to a small area of the Western Cape region, or its fruit.


wildejasmyn

At least two plants in the olive family.

Jasminum angulare, a South African species of jasmine.


janblom

A large frog belonging to genus Breviceps, especially Breviceps gibbosus.


bangbroek

Equivalent to bang (“afraid”) + broek (“pants”), literally “scaredy pants”.


koorsbos

Equivalent to koors (“fever”) + bos (“bush”)

Coleonema juniperinum, a small shrub native to southern Africa.


voëlent

Any of several species of hemiparasitic mistletoe in genus Viscum.


blinkblaar

Equivalent to blink (“shine”) + blaar (“leaf”)

Rhamnus prinoides, an African species of buckthorn with shiny leaves.


boesmankers

Equivalent to Boesman (“Bushman”) + kers (“candle”)

bushman's candle; small shrubs in genus Sarcocaulon.


dagbreker

Compound of dag (“day”) + breker (“breaker”)

(bird) Any of the chats of South Africa.


vrouebossie

Geranium incanum, a wild geranium used as an herbal tea; carpet geranium


lidjiestee

An herbal tea made from either of two species of Thesium: Thesium macrostachyum or Thesium spicatum.


ounooi

before 1965, Gottfried H. Franz, "Die bekentenis", Verhale van Hananwa, Afrikaanse Pers-Boekhandel (published posthumously), page 23.
Ek was by baas Martien en die ounooi was Hester.

I was working for master Martien and the lady of the household was Hester.

(historical) the wife of the baas, lady of the house; in particular used as a title of address by employees and servants.


haakspeld

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haakspeld (plural haakspelde, diminutive haakspeldjie)

haakspelde (plural)
haakspeldjie (diminutive)


Maleisiër

Maleisiër (plural Maleisiërs, diminutive Maleisiërtjie)

Maleisiërs (plural)
Maleisiërtjie (diminutive)

Malaysian (person from Malaysia or of Malaysian descent)


invloedsfeer

From Dutch invloedssfeer. Equivalent to invloed + sfeer.


ballingskap

From Dutch ballingschap, from Middle Dutch banlincschap. Equivalent to balling (“exiled person”) + -skap.


besoeker

besoeker (plural besoekers, diminutive besoekertjie)

besoekers (plural)
besoekertjie (diminutive)

From Dutch bezoeker, from Middle Dutch besoeker. Equivalent to besoek + -er.


bouval

From Dutch bouwval, which has possibly been back-formed from bouwvallig.


voorbok

A buck or ram functioning as a bellwether.

A leader, someone in charge or at the forefront.


hoofman

hoofman (plural hoofmanne, diminutive hoofdmannetjie)

hoofmanne (plural)
hoofdmannetjie (diminutive)

From Dutch hoofdman, from Middle Dutch hôvetman. Equivalent to hoof + man.


kapater

From Dutch kapater, from Portuguese capado.


keurslyf

Something very tightly arranged or regulated, thereby allowing little freedom; something oppressive, a straitjacket.


toesig

From Dutch toezicht, from Middle Dutch toesichte.


vyand

From Dutch vijand, from Middle Dutch viant, from Old Dutch fīand, from Proto-Germanic *fijandz.


wantroue

From Dutch wantrouwen. Related to wantrou.


samespraak

From Dutch samenspraak, from Middle Dutch samensprake, calque of Latin colloquium. Equivalent to same + spraak.


slagoffer

From Dutch slachtoffer. Equivalent to slag + offer.


onleesbaarheid

/ˌɔnˈlɪə̯s.bɑːr.ɦəi̯t/

From Dutch onleesbaarheid. Equivalent to onleesbaar + -heid.


gesigsuitdrukking

gesigsuitdrukking (plural gesigsuitdrukkings or gesigsuitdrukkinge (dated))

gesigsuitdrukkings (plural)
gesigsuitdrukkinge (dated plural)

From Dutch gezichtsuitdrukking. Equivalent to gesig (“face”) + -s- + uitdrukking (“expression”).


ondier

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ondier (plural ondiere, diminutive ondiertjie)

ondiere (plural)
ondiertjie (diminutive)

From Dutch ondier, from Middle Dutch ondier. Equivalent to on- + dier.

A vermin, a nasty or unwanted beast; a monster.


taalbeleid

Compound of taal + beleid. Derivation from Dutch is unlikely.


praalgraf

From Dutch praalgraf. Equivalent to praal + graf.

Die diktators van hierdie land behoort in praalgrafte gesit te word.

The dictators of this country are supposed to be placed in ostentatious graves.

A decorative grave or funerary monument (e.g. a large statue), a mausoleum.


sierwa

Compound of sier + wa. Cf. Dutch praalwagen.

A parade float (a decorated parade car).


dorsvloer

dorsvloer (plural dorsvloere, diminutive dorsvloertjie)

dorsvloere (plural)
dorsvloertjie (diminutive)

From Dutch dorsvloer, from Middle Dutch [Term?]. Equivalent to dors + vloer.


makou

→ Zulu: ikewu

Thought to be ultimately from Portuguese Macau, due to a mistaken belief that the duck originated there. Compare maccoa duck.

Cairina moschata
Cairina moschata#Translingual


versekering

versekering (plural versekerings or versekeringe (dated))

versekerings (plural)
versekeringe (dated plural)

From Dutch verzekering. Equivalent to verseker + -ing.

assurance, act of assuring, something that one has assured


rampokker

From Dutch rampokker, ultimately formed from Malay rampok. Equivalent to rampok + -er.


groottoon

groottoon (plural groottone, diminutive groottoontjie)

groottone (plural)
groottoontjie (diminutive)

From Dutch grote teen. Equivalent to groot + toon.


sitkamer

sitkamer (plural sitkamers, diminutive sitkamertjie)

sitkamers (plural)
sitkamertjie (diminutive)

From Dutch zitkamer. Compound of sit + kamer.


leuningstoel

leuningstoel (plural leuningstoele, diminutive leuningstoeltjie)

leuningstoele (plural)
leuningstoeltjie (diminutive)

From Dutch leunstoel. Compound of leuning + stoel.


kwessie

kwessie (plural kwessies, diminutive kwessietjie)

kwessies (plural)
kwessietjie (diminutive)

From Dutch kwestie, from Middle Dutch questie, from Latin quaestiō or perhaps via Old French question (also from Latin).


landsnaam

From Dutch landsnaam. Equivalent to land + -s- + naam.


bruidskat

From Dutch bruidsschat. Equivalent to bruid (“bride”) + skat (“treasure”).


voorskoot

voorskoot (plural voorskote, diminutive voorskootjie)

voorskote (plural)
voorskootjie (diminutive)


aandrok

aandrok (plural aandrokke, diminutive aandrokkie)

aandrokke (plural)
aandrokkie (diminutive)


kanonkoeël

From Dutch kanonkogel, an old variant of kanonskogel. Equivalent to kanon + koeël (“bullet”).


klinknael

klinknael (plural klinknaels, diminutive klinknaeltjie)

klinknaels (plural)
klinknaeltjie (diminutive)

From Dutch klinknagel. Equivalent to klink + nael.


klinknaelbroek

klinknaelbroek (plural klinknaelbroeke, diminutive klinknaelbroekie)

klinknaelbroeke (plural)
klinknaelbroekie (diminutive)

Compound of klinknael + broek. Named after the use of rivets in jeans. Cf. Dutch spijkerbroek (literally “nail trousers”).

noncog

Ek het twee pragtige klinknaelbroeke op die mark by die see gekoop.

I have bought two gorgeous pairs of jeans at the market near the sea.


sinsbou

From Dutch zinsbouw. Equivalent to sin (“sentence”) + -s- + bou (“construction”).

compound

(grammar, chiefly uncountable) syntax, sentence structure


valskerm

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valskerm (plural valskerms, diminutive valschermpie)

valskerms (plural)
valschermpie (diminutive)

From Dutch valscherm. Equivalent to fal (“to fall; fall”) + skerm (“screen”).


vuurblusser

From vuur + blusser, calque of English fire extinguisher.


sondaar

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sondaar (plural sondaars, diminutive sondaartjie, feminine sondares)

sondaars (plural)
sondaartjie (diminutive)
sondares (feminine)

From Dutch zondaar, from Middle Dutch sondâer, variant of sonder. Equivalent to sonde + -aar.


beskawing

beskawing (plural beskawings or beskawinge (dated))

beskawings (plural)
beskawinge (dated plural)

From Dutch beschaving. Equivalent to beskaaf + -ing.


skipbreuk

From Dutch schipbreuk, from Middle Dutch schipbrēke. Equivalent to skip (“ship”) + breuk (“break, fracture”).

compound

shipwreck, shipbreach (event where a ship sinks or runs aground)


grootmens

[ˈχrʊə̯t.mɛ̃ːs]

From groot + mens, perhaps a univerbation. Cf. Dutch grote mensen (“adults”), exclusively used in the plural.


gedagtegoed

From Dutch gedachtegoed, probably from German Gedankengut. Equivalent to gedagte + goed.

Die professor het Schopenhauer se gedagtegoed aan die broers bekend gemaak.

The professor introduced the brothers to Schoperhauer's thought.

body of thought, belief system, thinking, philosophy


witman

From wit + man, perhaps a univerbation or influenced by English white man.


stofpad

From stof + pad, perhaps a calque of English dirt road.


klankbaan

From klank + baan, a calque of English soundtrack.


persoonlikheid

From Dutch persoonlijkheid, from Middle Dutch persoonlijcheit. Equivalent to persoonlik + -heid.


godsdiens

From Dutch godsdienst, from Middle Dutch godesdienst. Equivalent to God (“God”) + -s- + diens (“service”).


vuurhoutjie

Compound of vuur (“fire”) + houtjie (“little stick/piece of wood”). Some Dutch dictionaries from around 1900 mention Dutch vuurhoutje, although there are few attestations from this period that don't clearly relate to southern Africa. The word was therefore likely formed in Afrikaans.


vuurhout

From vuur (“fire”) + hout (“wood”), calque of English firewood.


kussing

From Dutch kussen, from Middle Dutch cussin, from Old French cuisin, cussin.


verjonging

From Dutch verjonging. Equivalent to verjong + -ing.


spyskaart

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spyskaart (plural spyskaarte, diminutive spyskaartjie)

spyskaarte (plural)
spyskaartjie (diminutive)

From Dutch spijskaart. Equivalent to spys + kaart.


blaps

blaps (plural blapse, diminutive blapsie)

A howler, a boner, a blooper (great mistake).


taktiek

From Dutch tactiek, from French tactique, from Latin tactica or directly from Ancient Greek τακτική (taktikḗ).


skuldige

From Dutch schuldige, from Middle Dutch schuldige. Equivalent to an inflected form of skuldig.

A guilty person, an offender, a perpetrator.


vulstasie

From vul (“to fill”) + stasie (“station”), calque of English filling station.

service station, petrol station, filling station


uitsondering

uitsondering (plural uitsonderinge or uitsonderings)

uitsonderinge (plural)
uitsonderings (plural)

From Dutch uitzondering. Equivalent to uitsonder + -ing.


wetgewing

/ˈvɛtˌχɪə̯.vəŋ/

From Dutch wetgeving. Equivalent to wet + gewing.


aborsie

Probably borrowed from English abortion, from Latin abortiō. Dutch abortie was rare and is therefore less likely as a source.


orkes

From Dutch orkest, from French orchestre, from Latin orchēstra, from Ancient Greek ὀρχήστρα (orkhḗstra).


klopjag

From Dutch klopjacht. Equivalent to klop (“to knock, to beat”) + jag (“hunt”).

compound

A battue, a hunt where game is driven into the open by loud beating sounds.

A raid or manhunt, an organised pursuit of a targeted person.


landbou

From Dutch landbouw. Equivalent to land (“land, soil”) + bou (“cultivation; construction”).


voedselgewas

From Dutch voedselgewas. Equivalent to voedsel + gewas.


voedingstof

From Dutch voedingsstof. Equivalent to voeding + stof.


voedsaamheid

From Dutch voedzaamheid. Equivalent to voedsaam + -heid.


hutsmerk

From huts (“to mix up, to hash”) + merk (“tag”), calque of English hashtag.


omgewing

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omgewing (plural omgewings or omgewinge (dated))

omgewings (plural)
omgewinge (dated plural)

/ˌɔmˈχɪə̯.vəŋ/

From Dutch omgeving, from German Umgebung.


bestuiwing

From Dutch bestuiving. Equivalent to bestuif + -ing.


cuca-winkel

(Namibia) cuca shop (an unlicensed store selling alcoholic beverages)


misdaadtoneel

From misdaad + toneel, calque of English crime scene.


aandklok

From Dutch avondklok, from Middle Dutch avontclocke. Equivalent to aand (“evening”) + klok (“clock, bell”).


kansvatter

One who makes use of an opportunity, an opportunist.


fopnuus

Compound of fop (“to fib, to fake”) + nuus (“news”).


oorledene

/ˌʊə̯rˈlɪə̯.də.nə/

From Dutch overledene. Equivalent to substantivised use of overlede (“passed away”).


knieg

From Dutch knie. Formed by analogy with other similar nouns that have a final g in the singular and lose it in the plural, i.e. vlieg.


twyfel

From Dutch twijfel, from Middle Dutch twivel, twifel, from Old Dutch twīval, from Proto-Germanic *twīflaz.


skoolmaat

skoolmaat (plural skoolmaats, diminutive skoolmaatjie)

skoolmaats (plural)
skoolmaatjie (diminutive)

From Dutch schoolmaat, reinforced by English schoolmate. Equivalent to skool + maat.


siekehuis

From Dutch ziekenhuis, from Middle Dutch siechuus. Equivalent to sieke (“sick person, patient”) + huis (“house, building, institution”).


lawaglas

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lawaglas (plural lawaglase, diminutive lawaglasie)

lawaglase (plural)
lawaglasie (diminutive)

From Dutch lavaglas. Compound of lawa + glas.


geveg

From Dutch gevecht, from Middle Dutch gevecht. Equivalent to ge- + veg.


rugsak

rugsak (plural rugsakke, diminutive rugsakkie)

rugsakke (plural)
rugsakkie (diminutive)

From Dutch rugzak, from German Rucksack, from Swiss Upper German.


partyleier

From Dutch partijleider. Equivalent to party + leier.

party leader (leader of a political party)


lewensgeskiedenis

From Dutch levensgeschiedenis. Equivalent to lewe + -s- + geskiedenis.


kopiereg

/kʊə̯ˈpiˌrɛχ/

From kopie + reg, calque of English copyright.


insig

From Dutch inzicht. Equivalent to in + sig.


uitgawe

/ˈœi̯tˌχɑː.və/


oorname

/ˈʊə̯rˌnɑː.mə/

From Dutch overname, from German Übernahme.


taalgeleerde

/ˈtɑːl.χəˌlɪə̯r.də/

From Dutch taalgeleerde. Equivalent to taal + geleerde.


weergawe

/ˈvɪə̯rˌχɑː.və/


hoedband

hoedband (plural hoedbande, diminutive hoedbandjie)

hoedbande (plural)
hoedbandjie (diminutive)

From Dutch hoedenband. Compound of hoed + band.


vrouehoed

vrouehoed (plural vrouehoede or vrouehoedens, diminutive vrouehoedjie)

vrouehoede (plural)
vrouehoedens (plural)
vrouehoedjie (diminutive)


kappie

kappie (plural kappies, diminutive kappietjie)

kappies (plural)
kappietjie (diminutive)

Compound of kap + -pie, from Dutch kapje.


oorkrabbetjie

Compound of oor (“ear”) + krabbetjie (“earring”)


borsspeld

borsspeld (plural borsspelde, diminutive borsspeldetjie)

borsspelde (plural)
borsspeldetjie (diminutive)

From Dutch borstspeld, a compound of borst (“chest”) + speld (“pin”). Compound of bors + speld.


hoëhakskoen

hoëhakskoen (plural hoëhakskoene, diminutive hoëhakskoentjie)

hoëhakskoene (plural)
hoëhakskoentjie (diminutive)


streekliteratuur

Borrowed from Dutch streekliteratuur. Equivalent to streek + literatuur.


diplomasie

From Dutch diplomatie, from French diplomatie.


druipeling

From druip + -e- + -ling, probably formed as a purism for English dropout.

A dropout (one who leaves school without graduating).


Madrileen

Madrileen (plural Madrilene, diminutive Madrileentjie)

Madrilene (plural)
Madrileentjie (diminutive)

Inherited from Dutch Madrileen, adapted from Spanish madrileño. Equivalent to Madrid + -een.


Ghanees

Ghanees (plural Ghanese, diminutive Ghanesie)

Ghanaian (person from Ghana or of Ghanaian descent)


monoloog

monoloog (plural monoloë, diminutive monologie)

Inherited from Dutch monoloog, borrowed from French monologue, perhaps via Middle French monologue, ultimately from Byzantine Greek μονόλογος (monólogos).

(drama, authorship) monologue, soliloquy


eierdop

eierdop (plural eierdoppe, diminutive eierdoppie)

eierdoppe (plural)
eierdoppie (diminutive)

From Dutch eierdop. Analyzable as eier (“egg”) + dop (“shell”).


aalmoeseniershuis

aalmoeseniershuis (plural aalmoeseniershuise, diminutive aalmoeseniershuisie)

aalmoeseniershuise (plural)
aalmoeseniershuisie (diminutive)

From Dutch aalmoezeniershuis, from aalmoezenier + huis. Compound of aalmoesenier + huis.


aalmoesenierskap

aalmoesenierskap (plural aalmoesenierskappe, diminutive aalmoesenierskappie)

aalmoesenierskappe (plural)
aalmoesenierskappie (diminutive)

From Dutch aalmoezenierschap, from aalmoezenier + -schap. Compound of aalmoesenier + -skap.


siwetkat

siwetkat (plural siwetkatte, diminutive siwetkatjie)

siwetkatte (plural)
siwetkatjie (diminutive)

From Dutch civetkat, from compound of civet + kat. Compound of siwet + kat.


Japanees

Japanees (plural Japanese, diminutive Japanesie)

Japanese (plural)
Japanesie (diminutive)


middagete

From Dutch middageten, from middag + eten. Compound of middag + ete.


verlede

From Dutch verleden, from Middle Dutch verleden, the past participle of verliden (“to pass by”).


middernag

From Dutch middernacht, from Middle Dutch middernacht, variant of middenacht.


sonop

From Dutch zonsopgang, from Middle Dutch sonneopganc. Compound of son + op.


sonsondergang

sonsondergang (plural sonsondergange, diminutive sonsondergankie)

sonsondergange (plural)
sonsondergankie (diminutive)

From Dutch zonsondergang, from Middle Dutch sonne-onderganc. Compound of son + -s- + ondergang.


maaltyd

maaltyd (plural maaltye, diminutive maaltydjie)

maaltye (plural)
maaltydjie (diminutive)

From Dutch maaltijd, from Middle Dutch maeltijt. Compound of maal + tyd.


oupagrootjie

oupagrootjie (plural oupagrootjies, feminine oumagrootjie)

oupagrootjies (plural)
oumagrootjie (feminine)


oumagrootjie

oumagrootjie (plural oumagrootjies, masculine oupagrootjie)

oumagrootjies (plural)
oupagrootjie (masculine)


oorgrootvader

oorgrootvader (plural oorgrootvaders or oorgrootvadere, feminine oorgrootmoeder)

oorgrootvaders (plural)
oorgrootvadere (plural)
oorgrootmoeder (feminine)


oorgrootmoeder

oorgrootmoeder (plural oorgrootmoeders, masculine oorgrootvader)

oorgrootmoeders (plural)
oorgrootvader (masculine)


strooijonker

strooijonker (plural strooijonkers, diminutive strooijonkertjie)

strooijonkers (plural)
strooijonkertjie (diminutive)


strooimeisie

strooimeisie (plural strooimeisies, diminutive strooimeisietjie)

strooimeisies (plural)
strooimeisietjie (diminutive)


wewenaar

wewenaar (plural wewenaars, diminutive wewenaartjie, feminine weduwee)

wewenaars (plural)
wewenaartjie (diminutive)
weduwee (feminine)

/ˈviə̯vəˌnɑːr/

From Dutch weduwnaar, from Middle Dutch weduwenaer.


weduwee

weduwee (plural weduwees, diminutive weduweetjie, masculine wewenaar)

weduwees (plural)
weduweetjie (diminutive)
wewenaar (masculine)

From Dutch weduwe, from Middle Dutch weduwe, Old Dutch *widuwa, from Proto-West Germanic *widuwā, from Proto-Germanic *widuwǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂ (“widow”). The second reduced syllable was provided with a secondary stress in Afrikaans; compare skaduwee.


buurvrou

buurvrou (plural buurvroue, masculine buurman)

From Dutch buurvrouw. Compound of buur + vrou.


kêrel

kêrel (plural kêrels, diminutive kêreltjie)

From Dutch kerel, from Middle Dutch kerel, carel, caerl, kerl, from Old Dutch *karl, *karal, *keril, from Proto-Germanic *karilaz.


gasheer

gasheer (plural gashere, diminutive gasheertjie, feminine gasvrou)

gashere (plural)
gasheertjie (diminutive)
gasvrou (feminine)

From Dutch gastheer. Compound of gas + heer.


gasvrou

gasvrou (plural gasvroue or gasvrouens, diminutive gasvroutjie, masculine gasheer)

gasvroue (plural)
gasvrouens (plural)
gasvroutjie (diminutive)
gasheer (masculine)

From Dutch gastvrouw. Compound of gas + vrou.


oujongkêrel

oujongkêrel (plural oujongkêrels, diminutive oujongkêreltjie, feminine oujongnooi)

oujongkêrels (plural)
oujongkêreltjie (diminutive)
oujongnooi (feminine)


oujongnooi

oujongnooi (plural oujongnooiens, diminutive oujongnooientjie or oujongnoointjie, masculine oujongkêrel)

oujongnooiens (plural)
oujongnooientjie (diminutive)
oujongnoointjie (diminutive)
oujongkêrel (masculine)


bibliotekaris

bibliotekaris (plural bibliotekarisse, diminutive bibliotekarissie, feminine bibliotekaresse)

bibliotekarisse (plural)
bibliotekarissie (diminutive)
bibliotekaresse (feminine)

From Dutch bibliothecaris, borrowed from Latin bibliothēcārius.


bibliotekaresse

bibliotekaresse (plural bibliotekaresses, diminutive bibliotekaressie, masculine bibliotekaris)

bibliotekaresses (plural)
bibliotekaressie (diminutive)
bibliotekaris (masculine)

From Dutch bibliothecaresse. Equivalent to bibliotekaris + -esse.


handgreep

From Dutch handgreep. Equivalent to hand + greep.


seewater

/ˈsɪə̯ˌvɑː.tər/

From Dutch zeewater, from Middle Dutch sêewater. Equivalent to see (“sea”) + water (“water”).


tranetrekker

From traan + -e- + trek + -er, calque of English tearjerker.


kuskoraalboom

kus (“coast”) + koraal (“coral”) + boom (“tree”).


Asiër

Asian (a person with ancestry in the Indian subcontinent)


syfer

head

syfer (plural syfers, diminutive syfertjie)

From Dutch cijfer, from Middle Dutch cifer, from Medieval Latin cifra.


wetstoepasser

From wet + -s- + toepasser, probably a calque of English law enforcer.


verhoognaam

/fərˈɦʊə̯χˌnɑːm/

From verhoog + naam, calque of English stage name.


swaartekrag

From Dutch zwaartekracht. Equivalent to swaarte + krag.

Deur swaartekrag val die hamer op sy hoof.

Because of gravity the hammer fell on his head.


vertoonvenster

vertoonvenster (plural vertoonvensters, diminutive vertoonvenstertjie)

vertoonvensters (plural)
vertoonvenstertjie (diminutive)

From vertoon (“display”) + venster (“window”).

compound

shop window, show window, display window


draadstrik

From draad + strik, probably a calque of English wire snare.


vuurklip

head

vuurklip (plural vuurklippe, diminutive vuurklippie)

vuurklippe (plural)
vuurklippie (diminutive)


kolgans

From Dutch kolgans (“white-fronted goose”). Equivalent to kol (“blaze”) + gans (“goose”).

Alopochen aegyptiaca
Alopochen aegyptiaca#Translingual

The Egyptian goose, Alopochen aegyptiaca


struikelblok

struikelblok (plural struikelblokke, diminutive struikelblokkie)

struikelblokke (plural)
struikelblokkie (diminutive)

From Dutch struikelblok. Equivalent to struikel + blok.

(chiefly figurative) A stumbling block (obstacle).


erosie

/ˌɪə̯ˈrʊə̯.si/

From Dutch erosie, from French érosion, from Latin ērōsiō. The geological and figurative senses may have derived from English erosion.

(figurative) erosion (gradual loss or decay, e.g. of support or social cohesion)


djaar

djaar (plural djare, diminutive djaartjie)

(Cape Afrikaans) Alternative form of jaar


werkersklas

From werker + -s- + klas, a loose calque of English working class.


treindrywer

Compound of trein + drywer, probably after the English.


madressa

Borrowed from Arabic مَدْرَسَة (madrasa).


tikkop

(Cape Afrikaans) An addict to crystal meth.


spoorlyn

spoorlyn (plural spoorlyne, diminutive spoorlyntjie)

spoorlyne (plural)
spoorlyntjie (diminutive)

From Dutch spoorlijn. Equivalent to spoor + lyn.

A railway line (railway connection between two stops).


erfenisterrein

From erfenis + terrein, calque of English heritage site.


sakeman

From Dutch zakenman. Equivalent to saak (“matter, affair, case”) + -e- + man (“man”).


veldtog

From Dutch veldtocht, from German Feldzug. Equivalent to veld (“field”) + tog (“expedition”).


rotstekening

From Dutch rotstekening. Equivalent to rots + tekening.


blouwalvis

From blou + walvis, probably a calque of English blue whale.

Balaenoptera musculus
Balaenoptera musculus#Translingual


voorouer

/ˈvʊə̯rˌœu̯.ər/

From Dutch voorouder, from Middle Dutch voreouderen (“ancestors”). Equivalent to voor (“fore-”) + ouer (“parent, elder”).


gesiggestremde

Compound of gesig + gestremde, influenced by English visually impaired.

(chiefly plural) A visually impaired person.


laning

From Dutch laning (“lane, hedge”). Equivalent to laan + -ing. In Dutch the rare word is first attested in the meaning “hedge” in the Dagregister of Jan van Riebeeck.


dwaalleer

From Dutch dwaalleer. Equivalent to dwaal (“to wander”) + leer (“doctrine”).


musiekinstrument

head

musiekinstrument (plural musiekinstrumente, diminutive musiekinstrumentjie)

musiekinstrumente (plural)
musiekinstrumentjie (diminutive)

From Dutch muziekinstrument. Compound of musiek (“music”) + instrument (“instrument”).

compound

musical instrument
musical instrument#English


klassieke musiek

Compound of klassiek (“classical”) + musiek (“music”)


seëning

head

seëning (plural seëninge or seënings, diminutive seëninkie)

seëninge (plural)
seënings (plural)
seëninkie (diminutive)

From Dutch zegening. Equivalent to seën + -ing.


borsbeen

borsbeen (plural borsbene, diminutive borsbeentjie)

borsbene (plural)
borsbeentjie (diminutive)

From Dutch borstbeen, from Middle Dutch borstbeen. Compound of bors (“breast”) + been (“bone”).


heupbeen

heupbeen (plural heupbene, diminutive heupbeentjie)

heupbene (plural)
heupbeentjie (diminutive)

From Dutch heupbeen. Compound of heup (“hip”) + been (“bone”).


kakebeen

kakebeen (plural kakebene, diminutive kakebeentjie)

kakebene (plural)
kakebeentjie (diminutive)

From Dutch kaakbeen. Compound of kake (“jaw”) + been (“bone”).


knieskyf

knieskyf (plural knieskywe, diminutive knieskyfie)

knieskywe (plural)
knieskyfie (diminutive)

From Dutch knieschijf, from Middle Dutch knieschive. Compound of knie (“knee”) + skyf (“disc”).


skouerblad

skouerblad (plural skouerblaaie, diminutive skouerbladjie)

skouerblaaie (plural)
skouerbladjie (diminutive)

From Dutch schouderblad, from Middle Dutch schouderblat. Compound of skouer (“shoulder”) + blad (“blade”).


ruggraat

ruggraat (plural ruggrate, diminutive ruggraatjie)

ruggrate (plural)
ruggraatjie (diminutive)

From Dutch ruggengraat. Compound of rug (“back”) + graat (“fishbone”).


dybeen

dybeen (plural dybene, diminutive dybeentjie)

From Dutch dijbeen. Compound of dy (“thigh”) + been (“bone”).


skenkel

skenkel (plural skenkels, diminutive skenkeltjie)

skenkels (plural)
skenkeltjie (diminutive)

From Dutch schenkel, from Proto-Germanic *skankô.


werwel

werwel (plural werwels, diminutive werweltjie)

werwels (plural)
werweltjie (diminutive)

From Dutch werwel, from Middle Dutch wervel, from Old Dutch *wirvil, from Proto-Germanic *hwirbilaz.


handgewrig

handgewrig (plural handgewrigte, diminutive handgewriggie)

handgewrigte (plural)
handgewriggie (diminutive)

Compound of hand (“hand”) + gewrig (“joint”).


kuitspier

kuitspier (plural kuitspiere, diminutive kuitspiertjie)

kuitspiere (plural)
kuitspiertjie (diminutive)

Compound of kuit (“calf”) + spier (“muscle”).