"-ana" meaning in Xhosa

See -ana in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

Etymology: From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jánà (“child”). The development of this suffix in Nguni seems to be due to influence from Khoe languages. Etymology templates: {{inh|xh|bnt-pro|*mʊ̀jánà||child}} Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jánà (“child”) Head templates: {{head|xh|suffix|cat2=diminutive suffixes}} -ana
  1. Noun diminutive suffix, creates a noun meaning something smaller or younger, or a small amount. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ana-xh-suffix-xh:diminutive
  2. Adjective diminutive suffix, creates an adjective meaning "somewhat", "rather". Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ana-xh-suffix-4jA3I0mm
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

Etymology: From Proto-Bantu *-ana. Etymology templates: {{inh|xh|bnt-pro|*-ana}} Proto-Bantu *-ana Head templates: {{head|xh|suffix|cat2=verb-forming suffixes}} -ana
  1. each other; forms reciprocal verbs. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ana-xh-suffix-SPu8YRDR Categories (other): Xhosa entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Xhosa entries with incorrect language header: 24 23 54
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for -ana meaning in Xhosa (1.7kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xh",
        "2": "bnt-pro",
        "3": "*mʊ̀jánà",
        "4": "",
        "5": "child"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jánà (“child”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jánà (“child”). The development of this suffix in Nguni seems to be due to influence from Khoe languages.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xh",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "diminutive suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ana",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Xhosa",
  "lang_code": "xh",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Noun diminutive suffix, creates a noun meaning something smaller or younger, or a small amount."
      ],
      "id": "en--ana-xh-suffix-xh:diminutive",
      "senseid": [
        "xh:diminutive"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Adjective diminutive suffix, creates an adjective meaning \"somewhat\", \"rather\"."
      ],
      "id": "en--ana-xh-suffix-4jA3I0mm",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ana"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xh",
        "2": "bnt-pro",
        "3": "*-ana"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Bantu *-ana",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *-ana.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xh",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ana",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Xhosa",
  "lang_code": "xh",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 23 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Xhosa entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "each other; forms reciprocal verbs."
      ],
      "id": "en--ana-xh-suffix-SPu8YRDR",
      "links": [
        [
          "each other",
          "each other"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ana"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Xhosa diminutive suffixes",
    "Xhosa entries with incorrect language header",
    "Xhosa lemmas",
    "Xhosa suffixes",
    "Xhosa terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
    "Xhosa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
    "Xhosa verb-forming suffixes"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xh",
        "2": "bnt-pro",
        "3": "*mʊ̀jánà",
        "4": "",
        "5": "child"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jánà (“child”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jánà (“child”). The development of this suffix in Nguni seems to be due to influence from Khoe languages.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xh",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "diminutive suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ana",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Xhosa",
  "lang_code": "xh",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Noun diminutive suffix, creates a noun meaning something smaller or younger, or a small amount."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "xh:diminutive"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Adjective diminutive suffix, creates an adjective meaning \"somewhat\", \"rather\"."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ana"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Xhosa entries with incorrect language header",
    "Xhosa lemmas",
    "Xhosa suffixes",
    "Xhosa terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
    "Xhosa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
    "Xhosa verb-forming suffixes"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xh",
        "2": "bnt-pro",
        "3": "*-ana"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Bantu *-ana",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *-ana.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xh",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ana",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Xhosa",
  "lang_code": "xh",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "each other; forms reciprocal verbs."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "each other",
          "each other"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ana"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Xhosa dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (46b31b8 and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.