See tōward in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for tōward meaning in Proto-West Germanic (3.7kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*tō",
"3": "*-ward"
},
"expansion": "*tō + *-ward",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *tō + *-ward.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "*tōward",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tōward",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"toward [+dative or genitive]",
"toward"
],
"id": "en-tōward-gmw-pro-prep-cuzhSFG5",
"links": [
[
"toward",
"toward"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"toward [+dative or genitive]"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tōward"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*tō",
"3": "*-ward"
},
"expansion": "*tō + *-ward",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *tō + *-ward.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*tōward",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tōward",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"coming, approaching"
],
"id": "en-tōward-gmw-pro-adj-Ps8ZdUcQ",
"links": [
[
"coming",
"coming"
],
[
"approaching",
"approaching"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"future"
],
"id": "en-tōward-gmw-pro-adj-67Peij2a",
"links": [
[
"future",
"future"
]
],
"tags": [
"future",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tōward"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "tōweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English: tōweard\nMiddle English: toward\nEnglish: toward\nScots: towart",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: tōweard\nMiddle English: toward\nEnglish: toward\nScots: towart"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "tōward"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: tōward",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: tōward"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "tôwart"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: tôwart",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: tôwart"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*tōward",
"3": "*tuoward"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *tōward, *tuoward",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *tōward, *tuoward"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "toewaert"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: toewaert",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: toewaert"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zuowart"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: zuowart",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: zuowart"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zuowart",
"3": "zūwart"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: zuowart, zūwart",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: zuowart, zūwart"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*tō",
"3": "*-ward"
},
"expansion": "*tō + *-ward",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *tō + *-ward.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "*tōward",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tōward",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 4 47 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 3 57 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 4 63 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ward",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "tōwardas"
}
],
"glosses": [
"close, near"
],
"id": "en-tōward-gmw-pro-adv-NDIGMV-x",
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tōward"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ward"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*tō",
"3": "*-ward"
},
"expansion": "*tō + *-ward",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *tō + *-ward.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "*tōward",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tōward",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"toward [+dative or genitive]",
"toward"
],
"links": [
[
"toward",
"toward"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"toward [+dative or genitive]"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tōward"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ward"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*tō",
"3": "*-ward"
},
"expansion": "*tō + *-ward",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *tō + *-ward.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*tōward",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tōward",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"coming, approaching"
],
"links": [
[
"coming",
"coming"
],
[
"approaching",
"approaching"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"future"
],
"links": [
[
"future",
"future"
]
],
"tags": [
"future",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tōward"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ward"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "tōwardas"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "tōweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English: tōweard\nMiddle English: toward\nEnglish: toward\nScots: towart",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: tōweard\nMiddle English: toward\nEnglish: toward\nScots: towart"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "tōward"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: tōward",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: tōward"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "tôwart"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: tôwart",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: tôwart"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*tōward",
"3": "*tuoward"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *tōward, *tuoward",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *tōward, *tuoward"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "toewaert"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: toewaert",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: toewaert"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zuowart"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: zuowart",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: zuowart"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zuowart",
"3": "zūwart"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: zuowart, zūwart",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: zuowart, zūwart"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*tō",
"3": "*-ward"
},
"expansion": "*tō + *-ward",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *tō + *-ward.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "*tōward",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tōward",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"close, near"
],
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tōward"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (46b31b8 and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.