See -kati in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -kati meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.0kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "26 35 39",
"word": "-i-kati"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 35 39",
"english": "extended form",
"word": "-i-kajǫ"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 35 39",
"word": "-u-kati"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 35 39",
"english": "extended form",
"word": "-u-kajǫ"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 35 39",
"word": "-y-kati"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 35 39",
"english": "extended form",
"word": "-y-kajǫ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-кати"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -кати (-kati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -кати (-kati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-каць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -каць (-kacʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -каць (-kacʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-кать"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -кать (-katʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -кать (-katʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-кати"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -кати (-katy)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -кати (-katy)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: -кати (-kati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: -ⰽⰰⱅⰹ (-kati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-кам"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -кам (-kam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -кам (-kam)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "-ка-"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: -ка- (-ka-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: -ка- (-ka-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-кати",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -кати",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -кати"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-kati",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -kati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -kati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-kati"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -kati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -kati"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-kat"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -kat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -kat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-kać"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -kać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -kać"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-kať"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -kať",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -kať"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "-kać"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: -kać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: -kać"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "-kaś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: -kaś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: -kaś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-ke-"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -ke-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ic-"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ic-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-kōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-kōną",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-k"
},
"expansion": "English -k",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-chen"
},
"expansion": "German -chen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In Proto-Slavic, and probably Proto-Indo-European, many onomatopoeic sounds ended in */k/; for example:\n* *bьlkъ! → *bьlkati, *bьlčǫ/bьlkajǫ (“to sound like a blazing fire or boiling water; to babble, chatter”)\n* post-PIE *plāk- (“to beat, whip”) → *plakati, *plačǫ (sę) (“to beat, whip (oneself), cry, lament”)\nThis caused the suffix *-k- to be reinterpreted as having expressive/onomatopoeic meaning.\nCognate with Lithuanian -ke-, -kėti, Latin -ic- (as in e.g. fod-ic-ō) and Ancient Greek -κα- (-ka-). Similar to Proto-Germanic *-kōną (and from there with English -k, German -chen, etc) even though technically not cognates.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-kati",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-kati",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "26 35 39",
"english": "parallel formation with the same meaning",
"word": "-čati"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 35 39",
"word": "-pati"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 35 39",
"word": "-tati"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 34 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ble! → *blekati, *blečǫ/*blekajǫ (“to sound like a sheep”)"
},
{
"text": "kra! → *krakati, *kračǫ (“to sound like a crow”)"
},
{
"text": "kva! → *kvakati, *kvačǫ/*kvakajǫ (“to sound like a frog, crow or duck”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates onomatopoeic verbs denoting an action of mimicking a sound in the root."
],
"id": "en--kati-sla-pro-suffix-kiYYuKHH",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 34 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bakati, *bakajǫ (“to shout, scold, chatter”) : *bajati (“to speak, order, bewitch”)"
},
{
"text": "blǫkati, *blǫkajǫ (“to loiter, wander”) : *blǫditi (“id.”)"
},
{
"text": "brukati, *brukajǫ (“to soil, pollute”) : *bruditi (“id.”)"
},
{
"text": "čakati, *čakajǫ (“to wait”) : *čajati/*čati, *čajǫ (“id.”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates expressive and emotionally colored verbs."
],
"id": "en--kati-sla-pro-suffix-6p6DJ0HI",
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "10 53 37",
"sense": "after a consonant",
"word": "-ьkati"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 53 37",
"sense": "after a consonant",
"word": "-ьcati"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 34 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "běžati (“to run, quickly move”) → *běžьkati, *běžьkajǫ (“to walk, run”) (of children)"
},
{
"text": "bosti, bodǫ (“prickle, prick”) → *bodьcati, *bodьcajǫ (“to often lightly poke”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates hypocoristic and diminutive verbs."
],
"id": "en--kati-sla-pro-suffix-piWooM5C",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, from the previous meaning) Creates hypocoristic and diminutive verbs."
],
"raw_tags": [
"from the previous meaning"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "24 40 37",
"sense": "assimilated form, with voiced */k/",
"word": "-gati"
}
],
"word": "-kati"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic verb-forming suffixes"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-i-kati"
},
{
"english": "extended form",
"word": "-i-kajǫ"
},
{
"word": "-u-kati"
},
{
"english": "extended form",
"word": "-u-kajǫ"
},
{
"word": "-y-kati"
},
{
"english": "extended form",
"word": "-y-kajǫ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-кати"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -кати (-kati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -кати (-kati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-каць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -каць (-kacʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -каць (-kacʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-кать"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -кать (-katʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -кать (-katʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-кати"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -кати (-katy)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -кати (-katy)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: -кати (-kati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: -ⰽⰰⱅⰹ (-kati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-кам"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -кам (-kam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -кам (-kam)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "-ка-"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: -ка- (-ka-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: -ка- (-ka-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-кати",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -кати",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -кати"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-kati",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -kati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -kati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-kati"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -kati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -kati"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-kat"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -kat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -kat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-kać"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -kać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -kać"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-kať"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -kať",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -kať"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "-kać"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: -kać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: -kać"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "-kaś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: -kaś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: -kaś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-ke-"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -ke-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ic-"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ic-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-kōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-kōną",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-k"
},
"expansion": "English -k",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-chen"
},
"expansion": "German -chen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In Proto-Slavic, and probably Proto-Indo-European, many onomatopoeic sounds ended in */k/; for example:\n* *bьlkъ! → *bьlkati, *bьlčǫ/bьlkajǫ (“to sound like a blazing fire or boiling water; to babble, chatter”)\n* post-PIE *plāk- (“to beat, whip”) → *plakati, *plačǫ (sę) (“to beat, whip (oneself), cry, lament”)\nThis caused the suffix *-k- to be reinterpreted as having expressive/onomatopoeic meaning.\nCognate with Lithuanian -ke-, -kėti, Latin -ic- (as in e.g. fod-ic-ō) and Ancient Greek -κα- (-ka-). Similar to Proto-Germanic *-kōną (and from there with English -k, German -chen, etc) even though technically not cognates.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-kati",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-kati",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"english": "parallel formation with the same meaning",
"word": "-čati"
},
{
"word": "-pati"
},
{
"word": "-tati"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ble! → *blekati, *blečǫ/*blekajǫ (“to sound like a sheep”)"
},
{
"text": "kra! → *krakati, *kračǫ (“to sound like a crow”)"
},
{
"text": "kva! → *kvakati, *kvačǫ/*kvakajǫ (“to sound like a frog, crow or duck”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates onomatopoeic verbs denoting an action of mimicking a sound in the root."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bakati, *bakajǫ (“to shout, scold, chatter”) : *bajati (“to speak, order, bewitch”)"
},
{
"text": "blǫkati, *blǫkajǫ (“to loiter, wander”) : *blǫditi (“id.”)"
},
{
"text": "brukati, *brukajǫ (“to soil, pollute”) : *bruditi (“id.”)"
},
{
"text": "čakati, *čakajǫ (“to wait”) : *čajati/*čati, *čajǫ (“id.”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates expressive and emotionally colored verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "běžati (“to run, quickly move”) → *běžьkati, *běžьkajǫ (“to walk, run”) (of children)"
},
{
"text": "bosti, bodǫ (“prickle, prick”) → *bodьcati, *bodьcajǫ (“to often lightly poke”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates hypocoristic and diminutive verbs."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, from the previous meaning) Creates hypocoristic and diminutive verbs."
],
"raw_tags": [
"from the previous meaning"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "after a consonant",
"word": "-ьkati"
},
{
"sense": "after a consonant",
"word": "-ьcati"
},
{
"sense": "assimilated form, with voiced */k/",
"word": "-gati"
}
],
"word": "-kati"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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