See ud- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ud- meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (9.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ud-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ud-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ud-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "उद्-",
"pos": "pref.",
"tr": "ud-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: उद्- (ud-, pref.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: उद्- (ud-, pref.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*uj-",
"3": "*uc-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *uj-, *uc-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *udᶻ-, *utˢ-",
"2": "generalized from the position before dentals"
},
"expansion": "(< *udᶻ-, *utˢ-, generalized from the position before dentals)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *uj-, *uc- (< *udᶻ-, *utˢ-, generalized from the position before dentals)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬎𐬯-",
"3": "𐬎𐬰-"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬎𐬯- (us-), 𐬎𐬰- (uz-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬎𐬯- (us-), 𐬎𐬰- (uz-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-ira",
"2": "اس-",
"bor": "1",
"t": "prefix as \"ex-\" in English",
"tr": "os-"
},
"expansion": "→ Iranian Persian: اس- (os-, “prefix as \"ex-\" in English”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "revived prefix"
},
"expansion": "(revived prefix)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Iranian Persian: اس- (os-, “prefix as \"ex-\" in English”) (revived prefix)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Scythian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Scythian::"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ossetic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Ossetic::"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Ossetian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian::"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-dig",
"2": "ӕс-"
},
"expansion": "Digor Ossetian: ӕс- (æs-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Digor Ossetian: ӕс- (æs-), с- (s-)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-iro",
"2": "ус-"
},
"expansion": "Iron Ossetian: ус- (us-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Iron Ossetian: ус- (us-), ис- (is-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsc-skw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Saka-Wakhi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Saka-Wakhi::"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho-old",
"2": "𑀉𑀬𑀲-",
"ts": "uys-"
},
"expansion": "Old Khotanese: 𑀉𑀬𑀲- (uyasa- /uys-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Khotanese: 𑀉𑀬𑀲- (uyasa- /uys-/)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho-lat",
"2": "𑀅𑀬𑀲-",
"ts": "ays-"
},
"expansion": "Late Khotanese: 𑀅𑀬𑀲- (ayasa- /ays-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Late Khotanese: 𑀅𑀬𑀲- (ayasa- /ays-/), 𑀇𑀬𑀲- (iyasa- /iys-/), 𑀏𑀬𑀲- (eyasa- /eys-/)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbl",
"2": "-",
"ts": "zə-, zü-, z-"
},
"expansion": "Wakhi: (/zə-, zü-, z-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Wakhi: (/zə-, zü-, z-/)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbl",
"2": "زو-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Arabic script: زو-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arabic script: زو-, زوْ-, ز-"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbl",
"2": "зә-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: зә- (zә-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: зә- (zә-), зу- (zu-), з- (z-)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbl",
"2": "zə-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: zə-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: zə-, zü-, z-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sogdo-Bactrian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "ασ-",
"ts": "as-, *əs-"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian: ασ- (as- /as-, *əs-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bactrian: ασ- (as- /as-, *əs-/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"2": "اس-",
"3": "س-",
"tr": "ʾs-",
"tr2": "s-",
"ts": "*as-, *əs-",
"ts2": "*sə"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian: اس- (ʾs- /*as-, *əs-/), س- (s- /*sə/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khwarezmian: اس- (ʾs- /*as-, *əs-/), س- (s- /*sə/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-",
"ts": "əs-, s-, əz-, z-"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: (/əs-, s-, əz-, z-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: (/əs-, s-, əz-, z-/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"sc": "Sogd",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾs-"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian script: [script needed] (ʾs-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian script: [script needed] (ʾs-), [script needed] (s-), [script needed] (ʾz-), [script needed] (z-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐫀𐫘-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫘- (ʾs-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫘- (ʾs-), 𐫘- (s-), 𐫀𐫉- (ʾz-), 𐫉- (z-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "ܐܣ-",
"sc": "Syrc",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾs-"
},
"expansion": "Syriac script: ܐܣ- (ʾs-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Syriac script: ܐܣ- (ʾs-), ܣ- (s-), ܐܙ- (ʾz-), ܙ- (z-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ydg",
"2": "ز-",
"tr": "zə-"
},
"expansion": "Yidgha: ز- (zə-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yidgha: ز- (zə-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish: /zi-/"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "ز-",
"ts": "zi-"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: ز- (zi- /zi-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: ز- (zi- /zi-/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "zi-"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: zi-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: zi-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "ز-",
"ts": "zi-"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: ز- (zi- /zi-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: ز- (zi- /zi-/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-mpr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-",
"ts": "iz-, is-"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: (/iz-, is-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: (/iz-, is-/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫙𐫉-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫉- (ʿz-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫉- (ʿz-), 𐫙𐫘- (ʿs-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "zi-",
"3": "zu-"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: zi-, zu-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: zi-, zu-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎢𐎿-",
"3": "𐎢𐏀-",
"4": "𐎢𐎭-",
"ts": "us-",
"ts2": "uz-",
"ts3": "ud-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎢𐎿- (u-s- /us-/), 𐎢𐏀- (u-z- /uz-/), 𐎢𐎭- (u-d- /ud-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎢𐎿- (u-s- /us-/), 𐎢𐏀- (u-z- /uz-/), 𐎢𐎭- (u-d- /ud-/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"ts": "uz-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/uz-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/uz-/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫀𐫇𐫉-",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫇𐫉- (ʾwz-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫇𐫉- (ʾwz-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾwz-"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwz-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwz-), [Book Pahlavi needed] (tr=ʾwc-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐭠𐭥𐭦-",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾwz-"
},
"expansion": "Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭠𐭥𐭦- (ʾwz-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭠𐭥𐭦- (ʾwz-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐮀𐮅𐮆-",
"sc": "Phlp",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾwz-"
},
"expansion": "Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮀𐮅𐮆- (ʾwz-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮀𐮅𐮆- (ʾwz-), 𐮀𐮅𐮏- (ʾwc-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐬎𐬰-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Pazend script: 𐬎𐬰- (uz-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pazend script: 𐬎𐬰- (uz-)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*úd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*úd",
"4": "",
"5": "out, outward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *úd (“out, outward”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *úd (“out, outward”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*ud-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ud-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"up, upwards, away, out of"
],
"id": "en-ud--iir-pro-prefix-KK5bbYUK",
"links": [
[
"up",
"up"
],
[
"upwards",
"upwards"
],
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"out of",
"out of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ud-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ud-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ud-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ud-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "उद्-",
"pos": "pref.",
"tr": "ud-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: उद्- (ud-, pref.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: उद्- (ud-, pref.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*uj-",
"3": "*uc-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *uj-, *uc-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *udᶻ-, *utˢ-",
"2": "generalized from the position before dentals"
},
"expansion": "(< *udᶻ-, *utˢ-, generalized from the position before dentals)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *uj-, *uc- (< *udᶻ-, *utˢ-, generalized from the position before dentals)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬎𐬯-",
"3": "𐬎𐬰-"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬎𐬯- (us-), 𐬎𐬰- (uz-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬎𐬯- (us-), 𐬎𐬰- (uz-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-ira",
"2": "اس-",
"bor": "1",
"t": "prefix as \"ex-\" in English",
"tr": "os-"
},
"expansion": "→ Iranian Persian: اس- (os-, “prefix as \"ex-\" in English”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "revived prefix"
},
"expansion": "(revived prefix)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Iranian Persian: اس- (os-, “prefix as \"ex-\" in English”) (revived prefix)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Scythian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Scythian::"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ossetic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Ossetic::"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Ossetian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian::"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-dig",
"2": "ӕс-"
},
"expansion": "Digor Ossetian: ӕс- (æs-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Digor Ossetian: ӕс- (æs-), с- (s-)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-iro",
"2": "ус-"
},
"expansion": "Iron Ossetian: ус- (us-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Iron Ossetian: ус- (us-), ис- (is-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsc-skw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Saka-Wakhi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Saka-Wakhi::"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho-old",
"2": "𑀉𑀬𑀲-",
"ts": "uys-"
},
"expansion": "Old Khotanese: 𑀉𑀬𑀲- (uyasa- /uys-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Khotanese: 𑀉𑀬𑀲- (uyasa- /uys-/)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho-lat",
"2": "𑀅𑀬𑀲-",
"ts": "ays-"
},
"expansion": "Late Khotanese: 𑀅𑀬𑀲- (ayasa- /ays-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Late Khotanese: 𑀅𑀬𑀲- (ayasa- /ays-/), 𑀇𑀬𑀲- (iyasa- /iys-/), 𑀏𑀬𑀲- (eyasa- /eys-/)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbl",
"2": "-",
"ts": "zə-, zü-, z-"
},
"expansion": "Wakhi: (/zə-, zü-, z-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Wakhi: (/zə-, zü-, z-/)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbl",
"2": "زو-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Arabic script: زو-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arabic script: زو-, زوْ-, ز-"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbl",
"2": "зә-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: зә- (zә-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: зә- (zә-), зу- (zu-), з- (z-)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbl",
"2": "zə-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: zə-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: zə-, zü-, z-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sogdo-Bactrian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "ασ-",
"ts": "as-, *əs-"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian: ασ- (as- /as-, *əs-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bactrian: ασ- (as- /as-, *əs-/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"2": "اس-",
"3": "س-",
"tr": "ʾs-",
"tr2": "s-",
"ts": "*as-, *əs-",
"ts2": "*sə"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian: اس- (ʾs- /*as-, *əs-/), س- (s- /*sə/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khwarezmian: اس- (ʾs- /*as-, *əs-/), س- (s- /*sə/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-",
"ts": "əs-, s-, əz-, z-"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: (/əs-, s-, əz-, z-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: (/əs-, s-, əz-, z-/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"sc": "Sogd",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾs-"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian script: [script needed] (ʾs-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian script: [script needed] (ʾs-), [script needed] (s-), [script needed] (ʾz-), [script needed] (z-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐫀𐫘-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫘- (ʾs-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫘- (ʾs-), 𐫘- (s-), 𐫀𐫉- (ʾz-), 𐫉- (z-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "ܐܣ-",
"sc": "Syrc",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾs-"
},
"expansion": "Syriac script: ܐܣ- (ʾs-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Syriac script: ܐܣ- (ʾs-), ܣ- (s-), ܐܙ- (ʾz-), ܙ- (z-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ydg",
"2": "ز-",
"tr": "zə-"
},
"expansion": "Yidgha: ز- (zə-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yidgha: ز- (zə-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish: /zi-/"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "ز-",
"ts": "zi-"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: ز- (zi- /zi-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: ز- (zi- /zi-/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "zi-"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: zi-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: zi-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "ز-",
"ts": "zi-"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: ز- (zi- /zi-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: ز- (zi- /zi-/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-mpr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-",
"ts": "iz-, is-"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: (/iz-, is-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: (/iz-, is-/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫙𐫉-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫉- (ʿz-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫉- (ʿz-), 𐫙𐫘- (ʿs-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "zi-",
"3": "zu-"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: zi-, zu-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: zi-, zu-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎢𐎿-",
"3": "𐎢𐏀-",
"4": "𐎢𐎭-",
"ts": "us-",
"ts2": "uz-",
"ts3": "ud-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎢𐎿- (u-s- /us-/), 𐎢𐏀- (u-z- /uz-/), 𐎢𐎭- (u-d- /ud-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎢𐎿- (u-s- /us-/), 𐎢𐏀- (u-z- /uz-/), 𐎢𐎭- (u-d- /ud-/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"ts": "uz-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/uz-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/uz-/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫀𐫇𐫉-",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫇𐫉- (ʾwz-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫇𐫉- (ʾwz-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾwz-"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwz-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwz-), [Book Pahlavi needed] (tr=ʾwc-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐭠𐭥𐭦-",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾwz-"
},
"expansion": "Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭠𐭥𐭦- (ʾwz-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭠𐭥𐭦- (ʾwz-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐮀𐮅𐮆-",
"sc": "Phlp",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾwz-"
},
"expansion": "Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮀𐮅𐮆- (ʾwz-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮀𐮅𐮆- (ʾwz-), 𐮀𐮅𐮏- (ʾwc-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐬎𐬰-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Pazend script: 𐬎𐬰- (uz-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pazend script: 𐬎𐬰- (uz-)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*úd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*úd",
"4": "",
"5": "out, outward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *úd (“out, outward”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *úd (“out, outward”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*ud-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ud-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian prefixes",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *úd-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"up, upwards, away, out of"
],
"links": [
[
"up",
"up"
],
[
"upwards",
"upwards"
],
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"out of",
"out of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ud-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.