See rayš- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for rayš- meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (5.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ríšyati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ríṣyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ríṣyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ríṣyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रिष्यति",
"tr": "ríṣyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: रिष्यति (ríṣyati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: रिष्यति (ríṣyati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*ríšyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *ríšyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *ríšyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (ⁱrišiieⁱti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (ⁱrišiieⁱti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*rayšás (“wound, injury”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*rayšáyati (“to hurt, cause injury”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*rayṣáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *rayṣáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *rayṣáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रेषयति",
"tr": "reṣáyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: रेषयति (reṣáyati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: रेषयति (reṣáyati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*rayšáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *rayšáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *rayšáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "*𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: *𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (*raēšaiieⁱti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: *𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (*raēšaiieⁱti)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬝",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬝 (raēšaiiāt̰)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬝 (raēšaiiāt̰)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*rištás (“hurt, wounded, damaged”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*riṣṭás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *riṣṭás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *riṣṭás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रिष्ट",
"tr": "riṣṭá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: रिष्ट (riṣṭá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: रिष्ट (riṣṭá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*rištáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *rištáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *rištáh"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (ⁱrišta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (ⁱrišta)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "рыст",
"t": "pain"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: рыст (ryst, “pain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: рыст (ryst, “pain”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(h₁)rey-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)rey-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लिख्",
"t": "to write"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit लिख् (likh, “to write”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rista",
"t": "to cut, carve"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rista (“to cut, carve”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "risums",
"t": "fissure, slit"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian risums (“fissure, slit”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)rey-s, an s-extension of *rey- (“to scratch, cut, tear”), and connected to Sanskrit लिख् (likh, “to write”), Old Norse rista (“to cut, carve”) and Lithuanian risums (“fissure, slit”). However, Cheung appears to be skeptical of this.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "*rayš-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/rayš-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be hurt, to be wounded, to suffer injury"
],
"id": "en-rayš--iir-pro-root-BA-1dxoC",
"links": [
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"wounded",
"wounded"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "rayš-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ríšyati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ríṣyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ríṣyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ríṣyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रिष्यति",
"tr": "ríṣyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: रिष्यति (ríṣyati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: रिष्यति (ríṣyati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*ríšyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *ríšyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *ríšyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (ⁱrišiieⁱti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (ⁱrišiieⁱti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*rayšás (“wound, injury”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*rayšáyati (“to hurt, cause injury”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*rayṣáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *rayṣáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *rayṣáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रेषयति",
"tr": "reṣáyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: रेषयति (reṣáyati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: रेषयति (reṣáyati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*rayšáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *rayšáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *rayšáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "*𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: *𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (*raēšaiieⁱti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: *𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (*raēšaiieⁱti)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬝",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬝 (raēšaiiāt̰)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬝 (raēšaiiāt̰)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*rištás (“hurt, wounded, damaged”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*riṣṭás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *riṣṭás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *riṣṭás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रिष्ट",
"tr": "riṣṭá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: रिष्ट (riṣṭá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: रिष्ट (riṣṭá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*rištáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *rištáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *rištáh"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (ⁱrišta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (ⁱrišta)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "рыст",
"t": "pain"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: рыст (ryst, “pain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: рыст (ryst, “pain”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(h₁)rey-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)rey-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लिख्",
"t": "to write"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit लिख् (likh, “to write”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rista",
"t": "to cut, carve"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rista (“to cut, carve”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "risums",
"t": "fissure, slit"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian risums (“fissure, slit”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)rey-s, an s-extension of *rey- (“to scratch, cut, tear”), and connected to Sanskrit लिख् (likh, “to write”), Old Norse rista (“to cut, carve”) and Lithuanian risums (“fissure, slit”). However, Cheung appears to be skeptical of this.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "*rayš-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/rayš-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian roots",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"to be hurt, to be wounded, to suffer injury"
],
"links": [
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"wounded",
"wounded"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "rayš-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.