See garȷ́ʰ- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for garȷ́ʰ- meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (7.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gárȷ́ʰ-a-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gárźʰati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gárźʰati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gárźʰati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गर्हति",
"tr": "gárhati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गर्हति (gárhati)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गर्हति (gárhati) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gárždʰi ~ *gr̥ȷ́ʰ-ánti (athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gárždi ~ *gr̥jánti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gárždi ~ *gr̥jánti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gárždi ~ *gr̥jánti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬋𐬌",
"pos": "1st person sg. present med"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬋𐬌 (gər^əzōi, 1st person sg. present med)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬋𐬌 (gər^əzōi, 1st person sg. present med), 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬉 (gər^əzē)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gr̥ȷ́ʰ-á-tay"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gr̥źʰátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥źʰátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥źʰátay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गृहते",
"pos": "3rd person pl.med."
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गृहते (gṛhate, 3rd person pl.med.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गृहते (gṛhate, 3rd person pl.med.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gr̥játay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥játay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥játay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬈",
"pos": "3rd person sg.pres. thematic med."
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬈 (gər^əzaⁱte, 3rd person sg.pres. thematic med.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬈 (gər^əzaⁱte, 3rd person sg.pres. thematic med.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*garȷ́ʰ-áya-ti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gr̥ȷ́ʰ-yá-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gr̥jyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥jyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥jyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "*𐎥𐎼𐎭𐎹",
"ts": "*grad-ya-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: *𐎥𐎼𐎭𐎹 (*g-r-d-y /*grad-ya-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: *𐎥𐎼𐎭𐎹 (*g-r-d-y /*grad-ya-/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"tr": "gldystn'",
"ts": "griyistan"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (gldystn' /griyistan/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (gldystn' /griyistan/)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گریستن",
"tr": "geristan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: گریستن (geristan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: گریستن (geristan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǰagárȷ́ʰa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́agarźʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agarźʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agarźʰa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जगर्ह",
"pos": "3sg.perf.med."
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जगर्ह (jagarha, 3sg.perf.med.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जगर्ह (jagarha, 3sg.perf.med.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "γιρζ-",
"t": "to complain"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian: γιρζ- (girz-, “to complain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bactrian: γιρζ- (girz-, “to complain”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "girižīn"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: girižīn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: girižīn, girîn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"t": "complaint",
"tr": "g(y)lk'",
"ts": "gilag"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (g(y)lk' /gilag/, “complaint”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (g(y)lk' /gilag/, “complaint”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گلا",
"tr": "gelâ"
},
"expansion": "Persian: گلا (gelâ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: گلا (gelâ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "borrowed",
"2": "→"
},
"expansion": "→",
"name": "tooltip"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindustani:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "गिला"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: गिला (gilā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: गिला (gilā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "گلا",
"tr": "gilā"
},
"expansion": "Urdu: گلا (gilā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urdu: گلا (gilā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਗਿਲਾ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi: ਗਿਲਾ (gilā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi: ਗਿਲਾ (gilā)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"t": "complaint",
"ts": "grzyšn"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: [Term?] (/grzyšn/, “complaint”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: [Term?] (/grzyšn/, “complaint”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*garȷ́ʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*galǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *galǵʰ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*klagu",
"t": "complaint, lament"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *klagu (“complaint, lament”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*glagmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *glagmā",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "glám",
"t": "shout, curse"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish glám (“shout, curse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "glaim",
"t": "complaint, howling"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic glaim (“complaint, howling”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *galǵʰ-, cognate with Proto-West Germanic *klagu (“complaint, lament”), *klagōn (“to lament, complain”), Proto-Celtic *glagmā (whence Middle Irish glám (“shout, curse”), Scottish Gaelic glaim (“complaint, howling”)), perhaps ultimately of substrate origin.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "*garȷ́ʰ-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/garȷ́ʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *garȷ́ʰ-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to complain, lament"
],
"id": "en-garȷ́ʰ--iir-pro-root-QQVteqwV",
"links": [
[
"complain",
"complain"
],
[
"lament",
"lament"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "garȷ́ʰ-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gárȷ́ʰ-a-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gárźʰati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gárźʰati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gárźʰati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गर्हति",
"tr": "gárhati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गर्हति (gárhati)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गर्हति (gárhati) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gárždʰi ~ *gr̥ȷ́ʰ-ánti (athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gárždi ~ *gr̥jánti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gárždi ~ *gr̥jánti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gárždi ~ *gr̥jánti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬋𐬌",
"pos": "1st person sg. present med"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬋𐬌 (gər^əzōi, 1st person sg. present med)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬋𐬌 (gər^əzōi, 1st person sg. present med), 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬉 (gər^əzē)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gr̥ȷ́ʰ-á-tay"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gr̥źʰátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥źʰátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥źʰátay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गृहते",
"pos": "3rd person pl.med."
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गृहते (gṛhate, 3rd person pl.med.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गृहते (gṛhate, 3rd person pl.med.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gr̥játay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥játay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥játay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬈",
"pos": "3rd person sg.pres. thematic med."
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬈 (gər^əzaⁱte, 3rd person sg.pres. thematic med.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬈 (gər^əzaⁱte, 3rd person sg.pres. thematic med.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*garȷ́ʰ-áya-ti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gr̥ȷ́ʰ-yá-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gr̥jyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥jyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥jyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "*𐎥𐎼𐎭𐎹",
"ts": "*grad-ya-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: *𐎥𐎼𐎭𐎹 (*g-r-d-y /*grad-ya-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: *𐎥𐎼𐎭𐎹 (*g-r-d-y /*grad-ya-/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"tr": "gldystn'",
"ts": "griyistan"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (gldystn' /griyistan/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (gldystn' /griyistan/)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گریستن",
"tr": "geristan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: گریستن (geristan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: گریستن (geristan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǰagárȷ́ʰa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́agarźʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agarźʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agarźʰa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जगर्ह",
"pos": "3sg.perf.med."
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जगर्ह (jagarha, 3sg.perf.med.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जगर्ह (jagarha, 3sg.perf.med.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "γιρζ-",
"t": "to complain"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian: γιρζ- (girz-, “to complain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bactrian: γιρζ- (girz-, “to complain”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "girižīn"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: girižīn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: girižīn, girîn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"t": "complaint",
"tr": "g(y)lk'",
"ts": "gilag"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (g(y)lk' /gilag/, “complaint”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (g(y)lk' /gilag/, “complaint”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گلا",
"tr": "gelâ"
},
"expansion": "Persian: گلا (gelâ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: گلا (gelâ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "borrowed",
"2": "→"
},
"expansion": "→",
"name": "tooltip"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindustani:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "गिला"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: गिला (gilā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: गिला (gilā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "گلا",
"tr": "gilā"
},
"expansion": "Urdu: گلا (gilā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urdu: گلا (gilā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਗਿਲਾ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi: ਗਿਲਾ (gilā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi: ਗਿਲਾ (gilā)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"t": "complaint",
"ts": "grzyšn"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: [Term?] (/grzyšn/, “complaint”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: [Term?] (/grzyšn/, “complaint”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*garȷ́ʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*galǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *galǵʰ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*klagu",
"t": "complaint, lament"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *klagu (“complaint, lament”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*glagmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *glagmā",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "glám",
"t": "shout, curse"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish glám (“shout, curse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "glaim",
"t": "complaint, howling"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic glaim (“complaint, howling”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *galǵʰ-, cognate with Proto-West Germanic *klagu (“complaint, lament”), *klagōn (“to lament, complain”), Proto-Celtic *glagmā (whence Middle Irish glám (“shout, curse”), Scottish Gaelic glaim (“complaint, howling”)), perhaps ultimately of substrate origin.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "*garȷ́ʰ-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/garȷ́ʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian roots",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *garȷ́ʰ-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"to complain, lament"
],
"links": [
[
"complain",
"complain"
],
[
"lament",
"lament"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "garȷ́ʰ-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.