See gʰe in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for gʰe meaning in Proto-Indo-European (3.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*ge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *ge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *ge"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γε",
"t": "at least, at any rate, only; in fact"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γε (ge, “at least, at any rate, only; in fact”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γε (ge, “at least, at any rate, only; in fact”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ǰʰí",
"3": "*ǰʰa",
"4": "*gʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰʰí, *ǰʰa, *gʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰʰí, *ǰʰa, *gʰa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*źʰí",
"3": "*źʰa",
"4": "*gʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰí, *źʰa, *gʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰí, *źʰa, *gʰa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हि",
"3": "ह",
"4": "घ",
"id2": "emphatic particle",
"tr": "hí"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: हि (hí), ह (ha), घ (gha)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: हि (hí), ह (ha), घ (gha) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ge"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*že"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *že",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *že (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-k"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *-k",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *-k"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌺"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: -𐌺 (-k)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: -𐌺 (-k)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "g (ʰ)i",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "g (ʰ)e",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "g (ʰ)o",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "particle",
"3": "",
"head": "*g(ʰ)i",
"head2": "*g(ʰ)e",
"head3": "*g(ʰ)o"
},
"expansion": "*g(ʰ)i or *g(ʰ)e or *g(ʰ)o",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰe",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *hek(e)",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "hic"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"english": "neither, nor",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *negi",
"tags": [
"Latvian"
],
"word": "nedz"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"english": "not at all, no indeed; see there for further descendants",
"roman": "nahí",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *naźʰí",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "नहि"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"english": "together with, along with",
"roman": "sahá",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *saźʰa",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "सह"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Postpositional intensifying particle: indeed, at any rate, in fact"
],
"id": "en-gʰe-ine-pro-particle-GxGb-F8~",
"links": [
[
"indeed",
"indeed"
],
[
"at any rate",
"at any rate"
],
[
"in fact",
"in fact"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Discourse particle: indeed, of course, surely"
],
"id": "en-gʰe-ine-pro-particle-vJMXhSin",
"links": [
[
"indeed",
"indeed"
],
[
"of course",
"of course"
],
[
"surely",
"surely"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gʰe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European particles"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *hek(e)",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "hic"
},
{
"english": "neither, nor",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *negi",
"tags": [
"Latvian"
],
"word": "nedz"
},
{
"english": "not at all, no indeed; see there for further descendants",
"roman": "nahí",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *naźʰí",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "नहि"
},
{
"english": "together with, along with",
"roman": "sahá",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *saźʰa",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "सह"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*ge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *ge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *ge"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γε",
"t": "at least, at any rate, only; in fact"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γε (ge, “at least, at any rate, only; in fact”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γε (ge, “at least, at any rate, only; in fact”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ǰʰí",
"3": "*ǰʰa",
"4": "*gʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰʰí, *ǰʰa, *gʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰʰí, *ǰʰa, *gʰa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*źʰí",
"3": "*źʰa",
"4": "*gʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰí, *źʰa, *gʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰí, *źʰa, *gʰa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हि",
"3": "ह",
"4": "घ",
"id2": "emphatic particle",
"tr": "hí"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: हि (hí), ह (ha), घ (gha)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: हि (hí), ह (ha), घ (gha) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ge"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*že"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *že",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *že (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-k"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *-k",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *-k"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌺"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: -𐌺 (-k)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: -𐌺 (-k)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "g (ʰ)i",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "g (ʰ)e",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "g (ʰ)o",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "particle",
"3": "",
"head": "*g(ʰ)i",
"head2": "*g(ʰ)e",
"head3": "*g(ʰ)o"
},
"expansion": "*g(ʰ)i or *g(ʰ)e or *g(ʰ)o",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰe",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Postpositional intensifying particle: indeed, at any rate, in fact"
],
"links": [
[
"indeed",
"indeed"
],
[
"at any rate",
"at any rate"
],
[
"in fact",
"in fact"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Discourse particle: indeed, of course, surely"
],
"links": [
[
"indeed",
"indeed"
],
[
"of course",
"of course"
],
[
"surely",
"surely"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gʰe"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.