See bʰrewH- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bʰrewH- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (10.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰí-bʰruh₁-(h₁)se-ti (zero-grade (h₁)se-desiderative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brusaną",
"t": "to bubble"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *brusaną (“to bubble”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *brusaną (“to bubble”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "brūsen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: brūsen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: brūsen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "brusen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: brusen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: brusen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀπέφρυσεν",
"t": "brewed"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἀπέφρυσεν (apéphrusen, “brewed”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἀπέφρυσεν (apéphrusen, “brewed”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰréwh₁-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*berweti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *berweti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *berweti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*berwɨd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *berwɨd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *berwɨd"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "berwiñ"
},
"expansion": "Breton: berwiñ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: berwiñ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "berwi"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: berwi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: berwi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "berbaid"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: berbaid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: berbaid"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "beirbigid",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Irish: beirbigid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Irish: beirbigid"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "beirigh"
},
"expansion": "Irish: beirigh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: beirigh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*ferweō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *ferweō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< metathesized *bʰéruh₁eti"
},
"expansion": "(< metathesized *bʰéruh₁eti)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *ferweō (< metathesized *bʰéruh₁eti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ferveō",
"t": "to be hot; to burn; to boil"
},
"expansion": "Latin: ferveō (“to be hot; to burn; to boil”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: ferveō (“to be hot; to burn; to boil”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brewwaną",
"t": "to brew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *brewwaną (“to brew”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *brewwaną (“to brew”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥-né-wh₁-ti ~ *bʰr-n̥-wh₁-énti (nasal-infix)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brinnaną",
"t": "to burn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *brinnaną (“to burn”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< metathesized *bʰénuh₁eti"
},
"expansion": "(< metathesized *bʰénuh₁eti)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *brinnaną (“to burn”) (< metathesized *bʰénuh₁eti) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéruh₁-mn̥ ~ *bʰruh₁-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*bruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *bruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *bruma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "brumë",
"t": "dough"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: brumë (“dough”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: brumë (“dough”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*ferumentom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *ferumentom",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or < *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”)"
},
"expansion": "(or < *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *ferumentom (or < *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”))"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fermentum",
"t": "ferment, yeast",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: fermentum (“ferment, yeast”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: fermentum (“ferment, yeast”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéruh₁-mō ~ *bʰruh₁-mn-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"alt": "*berumô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *berumô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *berumô"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bermō",
"alt": "*berumō",
"t": "yeast",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-West Germanic: *berumō (“yeast”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-West Germanic: *berumō (“yeast”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrewh₁-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*beuzą",
"alt": "*beurą",
"t": "beer",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *beurą (“beer”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dissimilated < *breurą"
},
"expansion": "(dissimilated < *breurą)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *beurą (“beer”) (dissimilated < *breurą) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrowh₁- (o-grade)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*brāu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *brāu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *brāu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "mbruaj"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: mbruaj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: mbruaj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰréh₁wr̥"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrowh₁-tó-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*braudą",
"t": "bread",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *braudą (“bread”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *braudą (“bread”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰruh₁-tó-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txh",
"2": "*brutos",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Thracian: *brutos m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Thracian: *brutos m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βρῦτος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: βρῦτος (brûtos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: βρῦτος (brûtos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*brutom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *brutom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *brutom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "brwd"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: brwd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: brwd"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bruþą",
"t": "broth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bruþą (“broth”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bruþą (“broth”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*frutom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *frutom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *frutom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dēfrutum",
"3": "dēfritum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: dēfrutum, dēfritum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: dēfrutum, dēfritum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰru-tus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*brutus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *brutus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *brutus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bruth"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: bruth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: bruth"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "bruth"
},
"expansion": "Irish: bruth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: bruth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰerw-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*berwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *berwos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *berwos (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰorw-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*borwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *borwos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *borwos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Boruo"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: Boruo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: Boruo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*britśiā",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Albanian: *britśiā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Albanian: *britśiā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bërsi"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: bërsi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: bërsi"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Extension of *bʰer- (“to boil”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰrewH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to bubble, boil"
],
"id": "en-bʰrewH--ine-pro-root-iJbw8kPu",
"links": [
[
"bubble",
"bubble"
],
[
"boil",
"boil"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReRH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to brew"
],
"id": "en-bʰrewH--ine-pro-root-QPtFaNC7",
"links": [
[
"brew",
"brew"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "bʰrewH-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CReRH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰí-bʰruh₁-(h₁)se-ti (zero-grade (h₁)se-desiderative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brusaną",
"t": "to bubble"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *brusaną (“to bubble”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *brusaną (“to bubble”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "brūsen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: brūsen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: brūsen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "brusen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: brusen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: brusen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀπέφρυσεν",
"t": "brewed"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἀπέφρυσεν (apéphrusen, “brewed”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἀπέφρυσεν (apéphrusen, “brewed”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰréwh₁-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*berweti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *berweti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *berweti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*berwɨd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *berwɨd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *berwɨd"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "berwiñ"
},
"expansion": "Breton: berwiñ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: berwiñ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "berwi"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: berwi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: berwi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "berbaid"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: berbaid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: berbaid"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "beirbigid",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Irish: beirbigid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Irish: beirbigid"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "beirigh"
},
"expansion": "Irish: beirigh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: beirigh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*ferweō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *ferweō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< metathesized *bʰéruh₁eti"
},
"expansion": "(< metathesized *bʰéruh₁eti)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *ferweō (< metathesized *bʰéruh₁eti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ferveō",
"t": "to be hot; to burn; to boil"
},
"expansion": "Latin: ferveō (“to be hot; to burn; to boil”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: ferveō (“to be hot; to burn; to boil”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brewwaną",
"t": "to brew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *brewwaną (“to brew”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *brewwaną (“to brew”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥-né-wh₁-ti ~ *bʰr-n̥-wh₁-énti (nasal-infix)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brinnaną",
"t": "to burn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *brinnaną (“to burn”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< metathesized *bʰénuh₁eti"
},
"expansion": "(< metathesized *bʰénuh₁eti)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *brinnaną (“to burn”) (< metathesized *bʰénuh₁eti) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéruh₁-mn̥ ~ *bʰruh₁-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*bruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *bruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *bruma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "brumë",
"t": "dough"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: brumë (“dough”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: brumë (“dough”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*ferumentom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *ferumentom",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or < *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”)"
},
"expansion": "(or < *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *ferumentom (or < *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”))"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fermentum",
"t": "ferment, yeast",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: fermentum (“ferment, yeast”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: fermentum (“ferment, yeast”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéruh₁-mō ~ *bʰruh₁-mn-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"alt": "*berumô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *berumô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *berumô"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bermō",
"alt": "*berumō",
"t": "yeast",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-West Germanic: *berumō (“yeast”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-West Germanic: *berumō (“yeast”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrewh₁-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*beuzą",
"alt": "*beurą",
"t": "beer",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *beurą (“beer”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dissimilated < *breurą"
},
"expansion": "(dissimilated < *breurą)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *beurą (“beer”) (dissimilated < *breurą) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrowh₁- (o-grade)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*brāu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *brāu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *brāu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "mbruaj"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: mbruaj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: mbruaj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰréh₁wr̥"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrowh₁-tó-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*braudą",
"t": "bread",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *braudą (“bread”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *braudą (“bread”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰruh₁-tó-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txh",
"2": "*brutos",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Thracian: *brutos m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Thracian: *brutos m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βρῦτος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: βρῦτος (brûtos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: βρῦτος (brûtos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*brutom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *brutom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *brutom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "brwd"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: brwd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: brwd"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bruþą",
"t": "broth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bruþą (“broth”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bruþą (“broth”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*frutom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *frutom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *frutom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dēfrutum",
"3": "dēfritum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: dēfrutum, dēfritum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: dēfrutum, dēfritum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰru-tus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*brutus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *brutus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *brutus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bruth"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: bruth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: bruth"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "bruth"
},
"expansion": "Irish: bruth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: bruth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰerw-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*berwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *berwos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *berwos (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰorw-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*borwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *borwos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *borwos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Boruo"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: Boruo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: Boruo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*britśiā",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Albanian: *britśiā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Albanian: *britśiā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bërsi"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: bërsi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: bërsi"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Extension of *bʰer- (“to boil”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰrewH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to bubble, boil"
],
"links": [
[
"bubble",
"bubble"
],
[
"boil",
"boil"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to brew"
],
"links": [
[
"brew",
"brew"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "bʰrewH-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.