See bʰewg- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bʰewg- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (14.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéwg-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰéugō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰéugō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰéugō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φεύγω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φεύγω (pheúgō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φεύγω (pheúgō)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "φεύγω"
},
"expansion": "Greek: φεύγω (févgo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: φεύγω (févgo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰug-é-t (thematic root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "",
"alt": "ἔφυγον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἔφυγον (éphugon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἔφυγον (éphugon)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰug-yé-ti (yé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*fugiō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *fugiō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *fugiō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fugiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fugiō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fugiō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰauǰyáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰauǰyáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰauǰyáti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*bauǰ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *bauǰ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *bauǰ, *bauxtah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬠𐬏𐬘",
"t": "to save, redeem"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬏𐬘 (būj, “to save, redeem”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬏𐬘 (būj, “to save, redeem”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "βογ",
"alt": "βογ-",
"t": "to save"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian: βογ- (bog-, “to save”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bactrian: βογ- (bog-, “to save”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "بوج",
"alt": "بوج-",
"t": "to open",
"tr": "bōǰ-"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: بوج- (bōǰ-, “to open”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: بوج- (bōǰ-, “to open”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Kurdish: (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "بووژانەوە",
"ts": "būžānawa"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: بووژانەوە (bûjanewe /būžānawa/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: بووژانەوە (bûjanewe /būžānawa/), بووژێ- (bûjê- /būžē-/, “to rivive”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-",
"t": "to free, liberate, save",
"ts": "buxtan, bōž-"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: (/buxtan, bōž-/, “to free, liberate, save”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: (/buxtan, bōž-/, “to free, liberate, save”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫗",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫗 (bwxtn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫗 (bwxtn), 𐫁𐫇𐫋- (bwj-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"t": "to free, liberate, save",
"ts": "buxtan, bōz-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/buxtan, bōz-/, “to free, liberate, save”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/buxtan, bōz-/, “to free, liberate, save”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫗",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫗 (bwxtn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫗 (bwxtn), 𐫁𐫇𐫉- (bwz-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "bwhtn'"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwhtn')",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwhtn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwc-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰug-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰug-tos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fugitus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fugitus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fugitus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰauǰtás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰauǰtás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰauǰtás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*bauxtah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *bauxtah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *bauxtah, > *bauxtakah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "-",
"t": "open (of space), not enclosed, laid bare"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: (“open (of space), not enclosed, laid bare”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: (“open (of space), not enclosed, laid bare”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-dig",
"2": "бугъдӕг"
},
"expansion": "Digor Ossetian: бугъдӕг (buǧdæg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Digor Ossetian: бугъдӕг (buǧdæg)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-iro",
"2": "быгъдӕг"
},
"expansion": "Iron Ossetian: быгъдӕг (byǧdæg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Iron Ossetian: быгъдӕг (byǧdæg)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-",
"ts": "buxt, buxtag"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: (/buxt, buxtag/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: (/buxt, buxtag/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤 (bwxt)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤 (bwxt), 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫃 (bwxtg)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"ts": "buxt, buxtag"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/buxt, buxtag/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/buxt, buxtag/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤 (bwxt)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤 (bwxt), 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫃 (bwxtg)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "bwht'"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwht')",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwht'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwhtk')"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Apparently originally the same root as the synonymous *bʰegʷ-.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰewg-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to flee"
],
"id": "en-bʰewg--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:flee",
"links": [
[
"flee",
"flee"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:flee"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*bʰegʷ-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "bʰewg-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰu-né-g-ti ~ *bʰu-n-g-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰunákti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰunákti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰunákti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰunákti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰunákti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰunákti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भुनक्ति",
"tr": "bhunákti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भुनक्ति (bhunákti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भुनक्ति (bhunákti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*fungō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *fungō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *fungō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fungor"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fungor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fungor"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բուծանեմ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բուծանեմ (bucanem)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բուծանեմ (bucanem)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "բուծել"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: բուծել (bucel)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: բուծել (bucel)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bungeti",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic: *bungeti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic: *bungeti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bongaid"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: bongaid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: bongaid"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰe-bʰówg-e ~ *bʰe-bʰug-ḗr (perfect)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰubʰuǰáy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰubʰuǰáy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰubʰuǰáy"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bubʰuȷ́áy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bubʰuȷ́áy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bubʰuȷ́áy"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बुभुजे",
"tr": "bubhujé"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बुभुजे (bubhujé)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बुभुजे (bubhujé)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéwg-ti-s ~ *bʰug-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բուտ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բուտ (but)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բուտ (but)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰúktiš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúktiš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúktiš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰúktiṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰúktiṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰúktiṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भुक्ति"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भुक्ति (bhukti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भुक्ति (bhukti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéwg-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰúkš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúkš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúkš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰúkṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰúkṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰúkṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भुज्",
"tr": "bhúj"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भुज् (bhúj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भुज् (bhúj), भुक् (bhúk, nom. sg)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*búkš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *búkš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *búkš"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬏𐬘"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬏𐬘 (būj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬏𐬘 (būj)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰáwkšnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáwkšnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáwkšnas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*báwxšnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *báwxšnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *báwxšnas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬀𐬊𐬑𐬱𐬥𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬊𐬑𐬱𐬥𐬀 (baoxšna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬊𐬑𐬱𐬥𐬀 (baoxšna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"2": "𑀩𑀽𑀚𑁆𑀲𑀦",
"t": "feasting"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: 𑀩𑀽𑀚𑁆𑀲𑀦 (būjsana, “feasting”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: 𑀩𑀽𑀚𑁆𑀲𑀦 (būjsana, “feasting”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰewg-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to enjoy, benefit"
],
"id": "en-bʰewg--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:enjoy",
"links": [
[
"enjoy",
"enjoy"
],
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:enjoy"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "bʰewg-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéwg-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰéugō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰéugō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰéugō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φεύγω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φεύγω (pheúgō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φεύγω (pheúgō)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "φεύγω"
},
"expansion": "Greek: φεύγω (févgo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: φεύγω (févgo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰug-é-t (thematic root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "",
"alt": "ἔφυγον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἔφυγον (éphugon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἔφυγον (éphugon)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰug-yé-ti (yé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*fugiō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *fugiō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *fugiō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fugiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fugiō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fugiō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰauǰyáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰauǰyáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰauǰyáti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*bauǰ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *bauǰ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *bauǰ, *bauxtah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬠𐬏𐬘",
"t": "to save, redeem"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬏𐬘 (būj, “to save, redeem”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬏𐬘 (būj, “to save, redeem”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "βογ",
"alt": "βογ-",
"t": "to save"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian: βογ- (bog-, “to save”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bactrian: βογ- (bog-, “to save”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "بوج",
"alt": "بوج-",
"t": "to open",
"tr": "bōǰ-"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: بوج- (bōǰ-, “to open”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: بوج- (bōǰ-, “to open”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Kurdish: (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "بووژانەوە",
"ts": "būžānawa"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: بووژانەوە (bûjanewe /būžānawa/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: بووژانەوە (bûjanewe /būžānawa/), بووژێ- (bûjê- /būžē-/, “to rivive”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-",
"t": "to free, liberate, save",
"ts": "buxtan, bōž-"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: (/buxtan, bōž-/, “to free, liberate, save”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: (/buxtan, bōž-/, “to free, liberate, save”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫗",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫗 (bwxtn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫗 (bwxtn), 𐫁𐫇𐫋- (bwj-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"t": "to free, liberate, save",
"ts": "buxtan, bōz-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/buxtan, bōz-/, “to free, liberate, save”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/buxtan, bōz-/, “to free, liberate, save”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫗",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫗 (bwxtn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫗 (bwxtn), 𐫁𐫇𐫉- (bwz-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "bwhtn'"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwhtn')",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwhtn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwc-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰug-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰug-tos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fugitus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fugitus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fugitus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰauǰtás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰauǰtás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰauǰtás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*bauxtah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *bauxtah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *bauxtah, > *bauxtakah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "-",
"t": "open (of space), not enclosed, laid bare"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: (“open (of space), not enclosed, laid bare”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: (“open (of space), not enclosed, laid bare”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-dig",
"2": "бугъдӕг"
},
"expansion": "Digor Ossetian: бугъдӕг (buǧdæg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Digor Ossetian: бугъдӕг (buǧdæg)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-iro",
"2": "быгъдӕг"
},
"expansion": "Iron Ossetian: быгъдӕг (byǧdæg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Iron Ossetian: быгъдӕг (byǧdæg)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-",
"ts": "buxt, buxtag"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: (/buxt, buxtag/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: (/buxt, buxtag/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤 (bwxt)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤 (bwxt), 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫃 (bwxtg)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"ts": "buxt, buxtag"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/buxt, buxtag/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/buxt, buxtag/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤 (bwxt)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤 (bwxt), 𐫁𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫃 (bwxtg)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "bwht'"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwht')",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwht'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwhtk')"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Apparently originally the same root as the synonymous *bʰegʷ-.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰewg-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to flee"
],
"links": [
[
"flee",
"flee"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:flee"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*bʰegʷ-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "bʰewg-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰu-né-g-ti ~ *bʰu-n-g-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰunákti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰunákti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰunákti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰunákti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰunákti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰunákti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भुनक्ति",
"tr": "bhunákti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भुनक्ति (bhunákti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भुनक्ति (bhunákti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*fungō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *fungō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *fungō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fungor"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fungor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fungor"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բուծանեմ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բուծանեմ (bucanem)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բուծանեմ (bucanem)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "բուծել"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: բուծել (bucel)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: բուծել (bucel)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bungeti",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic: *bungeti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic: *bungeti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bongaid"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: bongaid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: bongaid"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰe-bʰówg-e ~ *bʰe-bʰug-ḗr (perfect)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰubʰuǰáy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰubʰuǰáy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰubʰuǰáy"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bubʰuȷ́áy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bubʰuȷ́áy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bubʰuȷ́áy"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बुभुजे",
"tr": "bubhujé"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बुभुजे (bubhujé)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बुभुजे (bubhujé)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéwg-ti-s ~ *bʰug-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բուտ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բուտ (but)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բուտ (but)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰúktiš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúktiš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúktiš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰúktiṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰúktiṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰúktiṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भुक्ति"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भुक्ति (bhukti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भुक्ति (bhukti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéwg-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰúkš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúkš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúkš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰúkṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰúkṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰúkṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भुज्",
"tr": "bhúj"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भुज् (bhúj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भुज् (bhúj), भुक् (bhúk, nom. sg)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*búkš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *búkš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *búkš"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬏𐬘"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬏𐬘 (būj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬏𐬘 (būj)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰáwkšnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáwkšnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáwkšnas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*báwxšnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *báwxšnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *báwxšnas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬀𐬊𐬑𐬱𐬥𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬊𐬑𐬱𐬥𐬀 (baoxšna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬊𐬑𐬱𐬥𐬀 (baoxšna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"2": "𑀩𑀽𑀚𑁆𑀲𑀦",
"t": "feasting"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: 𑀩𑀽𑀚𑁆𑀲𑀦 (būjsana, “feasting”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: 𑀩𑀽𑀚𑁆𑀲𑀦 (būjsana, “feasting”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰewg-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to enjoy, benefit"
],
"links": [
[
"enjoy",
"enjoy"
],
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:enjoy"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "bʰewg-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.