See bʰewdʰ- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bʰewdʰ- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (11.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéwdʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰu-né-dʰ-ti ~ *bʰu-n-dʰ-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bundeti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *bundeti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *bundeti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "dogurbonnue",
"pos": "2sg.pres.subj."
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: dogurbonnue (2sg.pres.subj.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: dogurbonnue (2sg.pres.subj.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ad·boind"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: ad·boind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: ad·boind"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πυνθάνομαι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πυνθάνομαι (punthánomai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πυνθάνομαι (punthánomai)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰe-bʰówdʰ-e ~ *bʰe-bʰudʰ-ḗr (perfect)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰudʰ-yé-tor (deponent yé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰudʰyátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰudʰyátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰudʰyátay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*budʰyátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *budʰyátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *budʰyátay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बुध्यते",
"tr": "budhyáte"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बुध्यते (budhyáte)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बुध्यते (budhyáte)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*budyátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *budyátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *budyátay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬏𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀",
"pos": "3sg.opt.med."
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬏𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (būⁱδiiaēta, 3sg.opt.med.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬏𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (būⁱδiiaēta, 3sg.opt.med.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰudʰ-éh₁ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*budḗˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *budḗˀtei",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *budḗˀtei (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰowdʰ-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰowdʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸro-bowdos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸro-bowdos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸro-bowdos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "rhybudd"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: rhybudd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: rhybudd"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "robud"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: robud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: robud"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰawdʰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰawdʰas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰawdʰas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bawdʰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bawdʰas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bawdʰas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बोध",
"tr": "bodhá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बोध (bodhá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बोध (bodhá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*bawdas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *bawdas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *bawdas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬊𐬛𐬀 (baoda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*pāut-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *pāut-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "denominative, or < <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰewdʰ-os</i>"
},
"expansion": "(denominative, or < *bʰewdʰ-os)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *pāut- (denominative, or < *bʰewdʰ-os)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "pot-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: pot-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: pot-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "paut-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: paut-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: paut-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéwdʰ-ti-s ~ *bʰudʰ-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bust"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: bust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: bust"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bùsti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: bùsti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: bùsti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πῠ́στῐς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πῠ́στῐς (pústis)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πῠ́στῐς (pústis)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰúdᶻdʰiš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúdᶻdʰiš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúdᶻdʰiš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*búddʰiṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *búddʰiṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *búddʰiṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बुद्धि",
"tr": "búddhi"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बुद्धि (búddhi)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बुद्धि (búddhi) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*búzdiš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *búzdiš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *búzdiš"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬎𐬯𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬎𐬯𐬙𐬌 (busti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬎𐬯𐬙𐬌 (busti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰewdʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*beudaz",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *beudaz m",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *beudaz m (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰudʰ-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*budos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *budos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *budos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "both",
"t": "will"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: both (“will”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: both (“will”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bodd",
"t": "free will, consent"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: bodd (“free will, consent”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: bodd (“free will, consent”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*budą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *budą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *budą (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰúdʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúdʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúdʰa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*búdʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *búdʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *búdʰa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बुध",
"tr": "búdha"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बुध (búdha)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बुध (búdha)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰudʰ-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰudʰ-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*budras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *budras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *budras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olt",
"2": "budras"
},
"expansion": "Old Lithuanian: budras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Lithuanian: budras"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "budrùs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: budrùs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: budrùs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bъ̀drъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bъ̀drъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bъ̀drъ, *bъ̀dřь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰudʰrás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰudʰrás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰudʰrás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*budráh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *budráh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *budráh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬌𐬠𐬎𐬛𐬭𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬌𐬠𐬎𐬛𐬭𐬀 (zaēnibudra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬌𐬠𐬎𐬛𐬭𐬀 (zaēnibudra)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰewdʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be awake, be aware"
],
"id": "en-bʰewdʰ--ine-pro-root-bndJ0mgz",
"links": [
[
"awake",
"awake"
],
[
"aware",
"aware"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "bʰewdʰ-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéwdʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰu-né-dʰ-ti ~ *bʰu-n-dʰ-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bundeti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *bundeti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *bundeti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "dogurbonnue",
"pos": "2sg.pres.subj."
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: dogurbonnue (2sg.pres.subj.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: dogurbonnue (2sg.pres.subj.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ad·boind"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: ad·boind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: ad·boind"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πυνθάνομαι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πυνθάνομαι (punthánomai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πυνθάνομαι (punthánomai)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰe-bʰówdʰ-e ~ *bʰe-bʰudʰ-ḗr (perfect)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰudʰ-yé-tor (deponent yé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰudʰyátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰudʰyátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰudʰyátay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*budʰyátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *budʰyátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *budʰyátay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बुध्यते",
"tr": "budhyáte"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बुध्यते (budhyáte)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बुध्यते (budhyáte)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*budyátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *budyátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *budyátay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬏𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀",
"pos": "3sg.opt.med."
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬏𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (būⁱδiiaēta, 3sg.opt.med.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬏𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (būⁱδiiaēta, 3sg.opt.med.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰudʰ-éh₁ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*budḗˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *budḗˀtei",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *budḗˀtei (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰowdʰ-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰowdʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸro-bowdos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸro-bowdos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸro-bowdos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "rhybudd"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: rhybudd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: rhybudd"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "robud"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: robud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: robud"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰawdʰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰawdʰas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰawdʰas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bawdʰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bawdʰas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bawdʰas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बोध",
"tr": "bodhá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बोध (bodhá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बोध (bodhá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*bawdas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *bawdas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *bawdas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬊𐬛𐬀 (baoda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*pāut-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *pāut-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "denominative, or < <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰewdʰ-os</i>"
},
"expansion": "(denominative, or < *bʰewdʰ-os)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *pāut- (denominative, or < *bʰewdʰ-os)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "pot-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: pot-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: pot-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "paut-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: paut-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: paut-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéwdʰ-ti-s ~ *bʰudʰ-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bust"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: bust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: bust"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bùsti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: bùsti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: bùsti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πῠ́στῐς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πῠ́στῐς (pústis)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πῠ́στῐς (pústis)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰúdᶻdʰiš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúdᶻdʰiš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúdᶻdʰiš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*búddʰiṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *búddʰiṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *búddʰiṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बुद्धि",
"tr": "búddhi"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बुद्धि (búddhi)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बुद्धि (búddhi) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*búzdiš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *búzdiš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *búzdiš"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬎𐬯𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬎𐬯𐬙𐬌 (busti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬎𐬯𐬙𐬌 (busti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰewdʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*beudaz",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *beudaz m",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *beudaz m (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰudʰ-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*budos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *budos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *budos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "both",
"t": "will"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: both (“will”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: both (“will”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bodd",
"t": "free will, consent"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: bodd (“free will, consent”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: bodd (“free will, consent”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*budą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *budą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *budą (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰúdʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúdʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúdʰa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*búdʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *búdʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *búdʰa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बुध",
"tr": "búdha"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बुध (búdha)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बुध (búdha)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰudʰ-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰudʰ-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*budras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *budras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *budras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olt",
"2": "budras"
},
"expansion": "Old Lithuanian: budras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Lithuanian: budras"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "budrùs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: budrùs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: budrùs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bъ̀drъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bъ̀drъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bъ̀drъ, *bъ̀dřь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰudʰrás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰudʰrás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰudʰrás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*budráh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *budráh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *budráh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬌𐬠𐬎𐬛𐬭𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬌𐬠𐬎𐬛𐬭𐬀 (zaēnibudra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬌𐬠𐬎𐬛𐬭𐬀 (zaēnibudra)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰewdʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to be awake, be aware"
],
"links": [
[
"awake",
"awake"
],
[
"aware",
"aware"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "bʰewdʰ-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.