See und in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for und meaning in Proto-Germanic (2.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*und",
"3": "*un"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *und, *un",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *und, *un; *un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: un- (in until, unto)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "until",
"3": "unto"
},
"expansion": "English: until, unto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: until, unto"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "und"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: und",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: und"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ond"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: ond",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: ond"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "und",
"3": "unt"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: und, unt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: und, unt; untat, unthat, untthat, antthat"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "unt",
"3": "untes"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: unt, untes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: unt, untes"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "unz"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: unz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: unz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "unz"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: unz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: unz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "unz"
},
"expansion": "German: unz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: unz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "unz"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: unz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: unz (< *und es)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "uns"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: uns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: uns"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐌽𐌳"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐌳 (und)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐌳 (und)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *h₂n̥tó, original allative to *h₂énts, *h₂ent- (“front”).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/und",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"until, unto, up to"
],
"id": "en-und-gem-pro-prep-2SAslC9a",
"links": [
[
"until",
"until"
],
[
"unto",
"unto"
],
[
"up to",
"up to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(+accusative) until, unto, up to"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "andi"
},
{
"word": "umbi"
},
{
"word": "unþa-"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-accusative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/und/"
}
],
"word": "und"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*und",
"3": "*un"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *und, *un",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *und, *un; *un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: un- (in until, unto)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "until",
"3": "unto"
},
"expansion": "English: until, unto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: until, unto"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "und"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: und",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: und"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ond"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: ond",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: ond"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "und",
"3": "unt"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: und, unt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: und, unt; untat, unthat, untthat, antthat"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "unt",
"3": "untes"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: unt, untes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: unt, untes"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "unz"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: unz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: unz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "unz"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: unz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: unz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "unz"
},
"expansion": "German: unz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: unz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "unz"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: unz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: unz (< *und es)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "uns"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: uns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: uns"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐌽𐌳"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐌳 (und)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐌳 (und)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *h₂n̥tó, original allative to *h₂énts, *h₂ent- (“front”).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/und",
"pos": "prep",
"related": [
{
"word": "andi"
},
{
"word": "umbi"
},
{
"word": "unþa-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"until, unto, up to"
],
"links": [
[
"until",
"until"
],
[
"unto",
"unto"
],
[
"up to",
"up to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(+accusative) until, unto, up to"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-accusative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/und/"
}
],
"word": "und"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.