See tō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for tō meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *tō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *tō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "tō"
},
"expansion": "Old English: tō, ti\nMiddle English: to\nEnglish: to, too\nGeordie English: te, tiv\nScots: tae",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: tō, ti\nMiddle English: to\nEnglish: to, too\nGeordie English: te, tiv\nScots: tae"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "tō",
"3": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: tō, to",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: tō, to"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "to",
"3": "tö",
"4": "tu"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: to, tö, tu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: to, tö, tu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "tou"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: tou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: tou"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "ta"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: ta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: ta"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "tote",
"3": "tot",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Frisian: tote, tot",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Frisian: tote, tot"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "tō"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: tō, tuo, thuo, te, ti\nMiddle Low German: tô\nLow German: to\n⇒ Old Saxon: tōtō, tōte\nMiddle Low German: tôte, tote, tôt, tot",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: tō, tuo, thuo, te, ti\nMiddle Low German: tô\nLow German: to\n⇒ Old Saxon: tōtō, tōte\nMiddle Low German: tôte, tote, tôt, tot"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "tuo"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: tuo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: tuo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "toe"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: toe, to, te\nDutch: toe\nAfrikaans: toe\nJersey Dutch: tû\nNegerhollands: tu, toe, due",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: toe, to, te\nDutch: toe\nAfrikaans: toe\nJersey Dutch: tû\nNegerhollands: tu, toe, due"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "tuote",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Dutch: tuote",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Dutch: tuote (< *tō + *ta)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "tote"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: tote, tot, toete, toet\nDutch: tot\nAfrikaans: tot\nBerbice Creole Dutch: tutu\nJersey Dutch: tut, tût\nNegerhollands: tot, tee\nLimburgish: tót",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: tote, tot, toete, toet\nDutch: tot\nAfrikaans: tot\nBerbice Creole Dutch: tutu\nJersey Dutch: tut, tût\nNegerhollands: tot, tee\nLimburgish: tót"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zuo"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: zuo\nMiddle High German: zuo\nCimbrian: zo\nEast Central German: zu\nGerman: zu\nLuxembourgish: zou, zu\nVilamovian: cy\nYiddish: צו (tsu)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: zuo\nMiddle High German: zuo\nCimbrian: zo\nEast Central German: zu\nGerman: zu\nLuxembourgish: zou, zu\nVilamovian: cy\nYiddish: צו (tsu)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zuoza",
"3": "zuozi",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: zuoza, zuozi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: zuoza, zuozi"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zuoze"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: zuoze",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: zuoze"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*doh₁",
"4": "",
"5": "to"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *doh₁ (“to”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "до",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Russian до (do, “to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "da",
"3": "",
"4": "until, to"
},
"expansion": "Latvian da (“until, to”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *doh₁ (“to”), instrumental singular of *de. Cognate with Russian до (do, “to”), Latvian da (“until, to”).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tō",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to"
],
"id": "en-tō-gem-pro-prep-Zj6hv~~l",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with accusative) to"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ta"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-accusative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔː/"
}
],
"word": "tō"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *tō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *tō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "tō"
},
"expansion": "Old English: tō, ti\nMiddle English: to\nEnglish: to, too\nGeordie English: te, tiv\nScots: tae",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: tō, ti\nMiddle English: to\nEnglish: to, too\nGeordie English: te, tiv\nScots: tae"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "tō",
"3": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: tō, to",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: tō, to"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "to",
"3": "tö",
"4": "tu"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: to, tö, tu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: to, tö, tu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "tou"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: tou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: tou"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "ta"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: ta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: ta"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "tote",
"3": "tot",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Frisian: tote, tot",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Frisian: tote, tot"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "tō"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: tō, tuo, thuo, te, ti\nMiddle Low German: tô\nLow German: to\n⇒ Old Saxon: tōtō, tōte\nMiddle Low German: tôte, tote, tôt, tot",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: tō, tuo, thuo, te, ti\nMiddle Low German: tô\nLow German: to\n⇒ Old Saxon: tōtō, tōte\nMiddle Low German: tôte, tote, tôt, tot"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "tuo"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: tuo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: tuo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "toe"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: toe, to, te\nDutch: toe\nAfrikaans: toe\nJersey Dutch: tû\nNegerhollands: tu, toe, due",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: toe, to, te\nDutch: toe\nAfrikaans: toe\nJersey Dutch: tû\nNegerhollands: tu, toe, due"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "tuote",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Dutch: tuote",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Dutch: tuote (< *tō + *ta)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "tote"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: tote, tot, toete, toet\nDutch: tot\nAfrikaans: tot\nBerbice Creole Dutch: tutu\nJersey Dutch: tut, tût\nNegerhollands: tot, tee\nLimburgish: tót",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: tote, tot, toete, toet\nDutch: tot\nAfrikaans: tot\nBerbice Creole Dutch: tutu\nJersey Dutch: tut, tût\nNegerhollands: tot, tee\nLimburgish: tót"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zuo"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: zuo\nMiddle High German: zuo\nCimbrian: zo\nEast Central German: zu\nGerman: zu\nLuxembourgish: zou, zu\nVilamovian: cy\nYiddish: צו (tsu)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: zuo\nMiddle High German: zuo\nCimbrian: zo\nEast Central German: zu\nGerman: zu\nLuxembourgish: zou, zu\nVilamovian: cy\nYiddish: צו (tsu)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zuoza",
"3": "zuozi",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: zuoza, zuozi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: zuoza, zuozi"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zuoze"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: zuoze",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: zuoze"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*doh₁",
"4": "",
"5": "to"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *doh₁ (“to”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "до",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Russian до (do, “to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "da",
"3": "",
"4": "until, to"
},
"expansion": "Latvian da (“until, to”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *doh₁ (“to”), instrumental singular of *de. Cognate with Russian до (do, “to”), Latvian da (“until, to”).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tō",
"pos": "prep",
"related": [
{
"word": "ta"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"to"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with accusative) to"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-accusative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔː/"
}
],
"word": "tō"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.