See hinder in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for hinder meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.1kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱem-tér-",
"5": "down, back, along, over, through"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱem-tér- (“down, back, along, over, through”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "contrā",
"3": "",
"4": "back, against"
},
"expansion": "Latin contrā (“back, against”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "cant",
"3": "",
"4": "with, at, along"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh cant (“with, at, along”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gan",
"3": "",
"4": "with, by"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gan (“with, by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κατά",
"3": "",
"4": "downwards"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱem-tér- (“down, back, along, over, through”), from *ḱóm (“beside, near, by, with”). Cognate with Latin contrā (“back, against”), Old Welsh cant (“with, at, along”); > Modern Welsh gan (“with, by”), Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hinder",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"behind, beyond"
],
"id": "en-hinder-gem-pro-prep-M2gCC5nj",
"links": [
[
"behind",
"behind"
],
[
"beyond",
"beyond"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with accusative or dative) behind, beyond"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-accusative",
"with-dative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxin.der/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hindar"
}
],
"word": "hinder"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hinder"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hinder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hinder"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "hinder"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: hinder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: hinder"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "hinder"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: hinder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: hinder (rare as simplex)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hinder"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: hinder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: hinder (rare as simplex)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hintar"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: hintar\nMiddle High German: hinter\nCentral Franconian: henger, henner; honner, hönner; hinger\nCimbrian: hintare\nGerman: hinter\nLuxembourgish: hanner\nYiddish: הינטער (hinter)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: hintar\nMiddle High German: hinter\nCentral Franconian: henger, henner; honner, hönner; hinger\nCimbrian: hintare\nGerman: hinter\nLuxembourgish: hanner\nYiddish: הינטער (hinter)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂 (hindar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂 (hindar)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱem-tér-",
"5": "down, back, along, over, through"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱem-tér- (“down, back, along, over, through”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "contrā",
"3": "",
"4": "back, against"
},
"expansion": "Latin contrā (“back, against”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "cant",
"3": "",
"4": "with, at, along"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh cant (“with, at, along”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gan",
"3": "",
"4": "with, by"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gan (“with, by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κατά",
"3": "",
"4": "downwards"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱem-tér- (“down, back, along, over, through”), from *ḱóm (“beside, near, by, with”). Cognate with Latin contrā (“back, against”), Old Welsh cant (“with, at, along”); > Modern Welsh gan (“with, by”), Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hinder",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hinderōną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"back, on that side of, behind"
],
"id": "en-hinder-gem-pro-adv-VdkJNMjY",
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
],
[
"behind",
"behind"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "hindana",
"sense": "*hindanē",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"word": "𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌰"
},
{
"word": "hindrōną"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: hindemest",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "hindmost"
},
{
"roman": "hindumists",
"sense": "*hindumistaz",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"word": "𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxin.der/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hindar"
}
],
"word": "hinder"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱem-tér-",
"5": "down, back, along, over, through"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱem-tér- (“down, back, along, over, through”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "contrā",
"3": "",
"4": "back, against"
},
"expansion": "Latin contrā (“back, against”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "cant",
"3": "",
"4": "with, at, along"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh cant (“with, at, along”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gan",
"3": "",
"4": "with, by"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gan (“with, by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κατά",
"3": "",
"4": "downwards"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱem-tér- (“down, back, along, over, through”), from *ḱóm (“beside, near, by, with”). Cognate with Latin contrā (“back, against”), Old Welsh cant (“with, at, along”); > Modern Welsh gan (“with, by”), Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hinder",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"behind, beyond"
],
"links": [
[
"behind",
"behind"
],
[
"beyond",
"beyond"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with accusative or dative) behind, beyond"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-accusative",
"with-dative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxin.der/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hindar"
}
],
"word": "hinder"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hinderōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hinder"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hinder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hinder"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "hinder"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: hinder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: hinder"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "hinder"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: hinder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: hinder (rare as simplex)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hinder"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: hinder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: hinder (rare as simplex)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hintar"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: hintar\nMiddle High German: hinter\nCentral Franconian: henger, henner; honner, hönner; hinger\nCimbrian: hintare\nGerman: hinter\nLuxembourgish: hanner\nYiddish: הינטער (hinter)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: hintar\nMiddle High German: hinter\nCentral Franconian: henger, henner; honner, hönner; hinger\nCimbrian: hintare\nGerman: hinter\nLuxembourgish: hanner\nYiddish: הינטער (hinter)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂 (hindar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂 (hindar)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱem-tér-",
"5": "down, back, along, over, through"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱem-tér- (“down, back, along, over, through”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "contrā",
"3": "",
"4": "back, against"
},
"expansion": "Latin contrā (“back, against”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "cant",
"3": "",
"4": "with, at, along"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh cant (“with, at, along”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gan",
"3": "",
"4": "with, by"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gan (“with, by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κατά",
"3": "",
"4": "downwards"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱem-tér- (“down, back, along, over, through”), from *ḱóm (“beside, near, by, with”). Cognate with Latin contrā (“back, against”), Old Welsh cant (“with, at, along”); > Modern Welsh gan (“with, by”), Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hinder",
"pos": "adv",
"related": [
{
"roman": "hindana",
"sense": "*hindanē",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"word": "𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌰"
},
{
"word": "hindrōną"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: hindemest",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "hindmost"
},
{
"roman": "hindumists",
"sense": "*hindumistaz",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"word": "𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"back, on that side of, behind"
],
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
],
[
"behind",
"behind"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxin.der/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hindar"
}
],
"word": "hinder"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.