See fram in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for fram meaning in Proto-Germanic (8.2kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-",
"t": "forth, forward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*framaz",
"t": "forward, prominent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, prominent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "framr",
"t": "forward; superior"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse framr (“forward; superior”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fram",
"t": "strenuous, active, bold, strong"
},
"expansion": "Old English fram (“strenuous, active, bold, strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fromm",
"t": "good, upright, devout, pious"
},
"expansion": "German fromm (“good, upright, devout, pious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρόμος",
"t": "foremost one, champion, leader, prince"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πρόμος (prómos, “foremost one, champion, leader, prince”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "promom",
"t": "at first, initially"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian promom (“at first, initially”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pìrmas",
"t": "first"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pìrmas (“first”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”). Related to Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, prominent”) whence Old Norse framr (“forward; superior”), Old English fram (“strenuous, active, bold, strong”), German fromm (“good, upright, devout, pious”), Ancient Greek πρόμος (prómos, “foremost one, champion, leader, prince”), Umbrian promom (“at first, initially”), Lithuanian pìrmas (“first”).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fram",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 31 44 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 50 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"from"
],
"id": "en-fram-gem-pro-prep-dYV6RYmZ",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with dative) from"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"by, due to"
],
"id": "en-fram-gem-pro-prep-Bly0MQwU",
"links": [
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"due to",
"due to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with dative) by, due to"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-dative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɸrɑm/"
}
],
"word": "fram"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fram"
},
"expansion": "Old English: fram, from\nMiddle English: from, fram, vrom, vram; fro, fra, vra, fray\nEnglish: from\n→ Scots: from, frome\nYola: vrem, vrim, vreem, vream; vrom",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: fram, from\nMiddle English: from, fram, vrom, vram; fro, fra, vra, fray\nEnglish: from\n→ Scots: from, frome\nYola: vrem, vrim, vreem, vream; vrom"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "from"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: from",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: from"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "fram"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: fram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: fram"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "fram-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: fram-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: fram-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "fram"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: fram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: fram"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vram"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: vram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: vram"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "frá"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: frá\nIcelandic: frá\nFaroese: frá\nNorwegian Nynorsk: frå\nElfdalian: frą̊\nOld Swedish: frā\n⇒ Old Swedish: frān\nSwedish: från\nOld Danish: fra, fraa, fran\nDanish: fra\nNorwegian Bokmål: fra\n→ Old English: fra\nMiddle English: fra, fro\nEnglish: fro\nGeordie English: frae, fra\nScots: frae, fra, fro, fae",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: frá\nIcelandic: frá\nFaroese: frá\nNorwegian Nynorsk: frå\nElfdalian: frą̊\nOld Swedish: frā\n⇒ Old Swedish: frān\nSwedish: från\nOld Danish: fra, fraa, fran\nDanish: fra\nNorwegian Bokmål: fra\n→ Old English: fra\nMiddle English: fra, fro\nEnglish: fro\nGeordie English: frae, fra\nScots: frae, fra, fro, fae"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fram"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: fram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: fram"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fram"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fram"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "fram",
"3": "frá"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: fram, frá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: fram, frá"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "fram"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: fram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: fram"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "fram"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: fram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: fram"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "frem"
},
"expansion": "Danish: frem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: frem"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "frem"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: frem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: frem"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: fram"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 (fram)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 (fram)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-",
"t": "forth, forward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*framaz",
"t": "forward, prominent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, prominent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "framr",
"t": "forward; superior"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse framr (“forward; superior”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fram",
"t": "strenuous, active, bold, strong"
},
"expansion": "Old English fram (“strenuous, active, bold, strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fromm",
"t": "good, upright, devout, pious"
},
"expansion": "German fromm (“good, upright, devout, pious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρόμος",
"t": "foremost one, champion, leader, prince"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πρόμος (prómos, “foremost one, champion, leader, prince”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "promom",
"t": "at first, initially"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian promom (“at first, initially”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pìrmas",
"t": "first"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pìrmas (“first”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”). Related to Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, prominent”) whence Old Norse framr (“forward; superior”), Old English fram (“strenuous, active, bold, strong”), German fromm (“good, upright, devout, pious”), Ancient Greek πρόμος (prómos, “foremost one, champion, leader, prince”), Umbrian promom (“at first, initially”), Lithuanian pìrmas (“first”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "framiz",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "framist",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fram",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forth, forward"
],
"id": "en-fram-gem-pro-adv-LGQksc3Q",
"links": [
[
"forth",
"forth"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"away, further"
],
"id": "en-fram-gem-pro-adv-M-K9iG6C",
"links": [
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"further",
"further"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɸrɑm/"
}
],
"word": "fram"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-",
"t": "forth, forward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*framaz",
"t": "forward, prominent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, prominent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "framr",
"t": "forward; superior"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse framr (“forward; superior”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fram",
"t": "strenuous, active, bold, strong"
},
"expansion": "Old English fram (“strenuous, active, bold, strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fromm",
"t": "good, upright, devout, pious"
},
"expansion": "German fromm (“good, upright, devout, pious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρόμος",
"t": "foremost one, champion, leader, prince"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πρόμος (prómos, “foremost one, champion, leader, prince”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "promom",
"t": "at first, initially"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian promom (“at first, initially”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pìrmas",
"t": "first"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pìrmas (“first”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”). Related to Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, prominent”) whence Old Norse framr (“forward; superior”), Old English fram (“strenuous, active, bold, strong”), German fromm (“good, upright, devout, pious”), Ancient Greek πρόμος (prómos, “foremost one, champion, leader, prince”), Umbrian promom (“at first, initially”), Lithuanian pìrmas (“first”).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fram",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"from"
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with dative) from"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"by, due to"
],
"links": [
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"due to",
"due to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with dative) by, due to"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-dative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɸrɑm/"
}
],
"word": "fram"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fram"
},
"expansion": "Old English: fram, from\nMiddle English: from, fram, vrom, vram; fro, fra, vra, fray\nEnglish: from\n→ Scots: from, frome\nYola: vrem, vrim, vreem, vream; vrom",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: fram, from\nMiddle English: from, fram, vrom, vram; fro, fra, vra, fray\nEnglish: from\n→ Scots: from, frome\nYola: vrem, vrim, vreem, vream; vrom"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "from"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: from",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: from"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "fram"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: fram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: fram"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "fram-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: fram-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: fram-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "fram"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: fram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: fram"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vram"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: vram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: vram"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "frá"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: frá\nIcelandic: frá\nFaroese: frá\nNorwegian Nynorsk: frå\nElfdalian: frą̊\nOld Swedish: frā\n⇒ Old Swedish: frān\nSwedish: från\nOld Danish: fra, fraa, fran\nDanish: fra\nNorwegian Bokmål: fra\n→ Old English: fra\nMiddle English: fra, fro\nEnglish: fro\nGeordie English: frae, fra\nScots: frae, fra, fro, fae",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: frá\nIcelandic: frá\nFaroese: frá\nNorwegian Nynorsk: frå\nElfdalian: frą̊\nOld Swedish: frā\n⇒ Old Swedish: frān\nSwedish: från\nOld Danish: fra, fraa, fran\nDanish: fra\nNorwegian Bokmål: fra\n→ Old English: fra\nMiddle English: fra, fro\nEnglish: fro\nGeordie English: frae, fra\nScots: frae, fra, fro, fae"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fram"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: fram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: fram"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fram"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fram"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "fram",
"3": "frá"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: fram, frá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: fram, frá"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "fram"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: fram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: fram"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "fram"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: fram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: fram"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "frem"
},
"expansion": "Danish: frem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: frem"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "frem"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: frem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: frem"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: fram"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 (fram)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 (fram)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-",
"t": "forth, forward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*framaz",
"t": "forward, prominent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, prominent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "framr",
"t": "forward; superior"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse framr (“forward; superior”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fram",
"t": "strenuous, active, bold, strong"
},
"expansion": "Old English fram (“strenuous, active, bold, strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fromm",
"t": "good, upright, devout, pious"
},
"expansion": "German fromm (“good, upright, devout, pious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρόμος",
"t": "foremost one, champion, leader, prince"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πρόμος (prómos, “foremost one, champion, leader, prince”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "promom",
"t": "at first, initially"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian promom (“at first, initially”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pìrmas",
"t": "first"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pìrmas (“first”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”). Related to Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, prominent”) whence Old Norse framr (“forward; superior”), Old English fram (“strenuous, active, bold, strong”), German fromm (“good, upright, devout, pious”), Ancient Greek πρόμος (prómos, “foremost one, champion, leader, prince”), Umbrian promom (“at first, initially”), Lithuanian pìrmas (“first”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "framiz",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "framist",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fram",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forth, forward"
],
"links": [
[
"forth",
"forth"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"away, further"
],
"links": [
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"further",
"further"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɸrɑm/"
}
],
"word": "fram"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.