See auk in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for auk meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*auk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *auk\nOld English: ēac, ek, ec; æac\nMiddle English: ek, eek, eke\nScots: eik, ek\nEnglish: eke\n⇒ Middle English: ekename\n⇒ English: nickname (via rebracketing)\nOld Frisian: āk\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: uk\nSaterland Frisian: uk, ook\nWest Frisian: ek\nOld Saxon: ōk\nMiddle Low German: ôk\nDutch Low Saxon: ok, ook\nGerman Low German: ok, auk, ock, ohk, ook\nPlautdietsch: uk\nOld Dutch: ōk, ouk, ouch\nMiddle Dutch: ooc\nDutch: ook\nAfrikaans: ook\nBerbice Creole Dutch: oko\nJersey Dutch: ôk\nNegerhollands: ook\nPetjo: ook\nSkepi Creole Dutch: oak\nWest Flemish: wok\nOld High German: ouh\nMiddle High German: ouch\nAlemannic German: au\nAlemannic German: ou\nCimbrian: òch\nGerman: auch\nLuxembourgish: och\nHunsrik: aach\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: aa\nYiddish: אויך (oykh)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *auk\nOld English: ēac, ek, ec; æac\nMiddle English: ek, eek, eke\nScots: eik, ek\nEnglish: eke\n⇒ Middle English: ekename\n⇒ English: nickname (via rebracketing)\nOld Frisian: āk\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: uk\nSaterland Frisian: uk, ook\nWest Frisian: ek\nOld Saxon: ōk\nMiddle Low German: ôk\nDutch Low Saxon: ok, ook\nGerman Low German: ok, auk, ock, ohk, ook\nPlautdietsch: uk\nOld Dutch: ōk, ouk, ouch\nMiddle Dutch: ooc\nDutch: ook\nAfrikaans: ook\nBerbice Creole Dutch: oko\nJersey Dutch: ôk\nNegerhollands: ook\nPetjo: ook\nSkepi Creole Dutch: oak\nWest Flemish: wok\nOld High German: ouh\nMiddle High German: ouch\nAlemannic German: au\nAlemannic German: ou\nCimbrian: òch\nGerman: auch\nLuxembourgish: och\nHunsrik: aach\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: aa\nYiddish: אויך (oykh)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "auk"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: auk, ok\nIcelandic: auk, og\nFaroese: og\nNorwegian Nynorsk: og, au, aug; (dialectal) ok, auk, ug\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: au\nJamtish: og\nElfdalian: og\nOld Swedish: ok, oc, och, ogh\nSwedish: och, ock\nOld Danish: oc\nDanish: og\nNorwegian Bokmål: og\n→ Middle English: oc, ok\n⇒ Scots: okname, ockname",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: auk, ok\nIcelandic: auk, og\nFaroese: og\nNorwegian Nynorsk: og, au, aug; (dialectal) ok, auk, ug\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: au\nJamtish: og\nElfdalian: og\nOld Swedish: ok, oc, och, ogh\nSwedish: och, ock\nOld Danish: oc\nDanish: og\nNorwegian Bokmål: og\n→ Middle English: oc, ok\n⇒ Scots: okname, ockname"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌿𐌺"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌿𐌺 (auk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌿𐌺 (auk)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ew",
"4": "",
"5": "away, again"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, again”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "αὖ",
"3": "",
"4": "again"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “again”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "αὖγε"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek αὖγε (aûge)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ewg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, again”) + *ge (intensifier); compare Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “again”), γε (ge, “at least, at any rate”), also found as Ancient Greek αὖγε (aûge). But compare also Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/auk",
"pos": "adv",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "aukaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"also, too"
],
"id": "en-auk-gem-pro-adv-gfFjydy1",
"links": [
[
"also",
"also"
],
[
"too",
"too"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"furthermore, in addition"
],
"id": "en-auk-gem-pro-adv-YZJDmxrq",
"links": [
[
"furthermore",
"furthermore"
],
[
"in addition",
"in addition"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑu̯k/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "auk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ew",
"4": "",
"5": "away, again"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, again”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "αὖ",
"3": "",
"4": "again"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “again”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "αὖγε"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek αὖγε (aûge)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ewg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, again”) + *ge (intensifier); compare Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “again”), γε (ge, “at least, at any rate”), also found as Ancient Greek αὖγε (aûge). But compare also Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/auk",
"pos": "conj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ak"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"and"
],
"id": "en-auk-gem-pro-conj-YgERG4Og",
"links": [
[
"and",
"and"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*andi"
},
{
"word": "*jahw"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"but also"
],
"id": "en-auk-gem-pro-conj-UYKcJVvb",
"links": [
[
"but",
"but"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑu̯k/"
}
],
"word": "auk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic conjunctions",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*auk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *auk\nOld English: ēac, ek, ec; æac\nMiddle English: ek, eek, eke\nScots: eik, ek\nEnglish: eke\n⇒ Middle English: ekename\n⇒ English: nickname (via rebracketing)\nOld Frisian: āk\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: uk\nSaterland Frisian: uk, ook\nWest Frisian: ek\nOld Saxon: ōk\nMiddle Low German: ôk\nDutch Low Saxon: ok, ook\nGerman Low German: ok, auk, ock, ohk, ook\nPlautdietsch: uk\nOld Dutch: ōk, ouk, ouch\nMiddle Dutch: ooc\nDutch: ook\nAfrikaans: ook\nBerbice Creole Dutch: oko\nJersey Dutch: ôk\nNegerhollands: ook\nPetjo: ook\nSkepi Creole Dutch: oak\nWest Flemish: wok\nOld High German: ouh\nMiddle High German: ouch\nAlemannic German: au\nAlemannic German: ou\nCimbrian: òch\nGerman: auch\nLuxembourgish: och\nHunsrik: aach\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: aa\nYiddish: אויך (oykh)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *auk\nOld English: ēac, ek, ec; æac\nMiddle English: ek, eek, eke\nScots: eik, ek\nEnglish: eke\n⇒ Middle English: ekename\n⇒ English: nickname (via rebracketing)\nOld Frisian: āk\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: uk\nSaterland Frisian: uk, ook\nWest Frisian: ek\nOld Saxon: ōk\nMiddle Low German: ôk\nDutch Low Saxon: ok, ook\nGerman Low German: ok, auk, ock, ohk, ook\nPlautdietsch: uk\nOld Dutch: ōk, ouk, ouch\nMiddle Dutch: ooc\nDutch: ook\nAfrikaans: ook\nBerbice Creole Dutch: oko\nJersey Dutch: ôk\nNegerhollands: ook\nPetjo: ook\nSkepi Creole Dutch: oak\nWest Flemish: wok\nOld High German: ouh\nMiddle High German: ouch\nAlemannic German: au\nAlemannic German: ou\nCimbrian: òch\nGerman: auch\nLuxembourgish: och\nHunsrik: aach\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: aa\nYiddish: אויך (oykh)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "auk"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: auk, ok\nIcelandic: auk, og\nFaroese: og\nNorwegian Nynorsk: og, au, aug; (dialectal) ok, auk, ug\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: au\nJamtish: og\nElfdalian: og\nOld Swedish: ok, oc, och, ogh\nSwedish: och, ock\nOld Danish: oc\nDanish: og\nNorwegian Bokmål: og\n→ Middle English: oc, ok\n⇒ Scots: okname, ockname",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: auk, ok\nIcelandic: auk, og\nFaroese: og\nNorwegian Nynorsk: og, au, aug; (dialectal) ok, auk, ug\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: au\nJamtish: og\nElfdalian: og\nOld Swedish: ok, oc, och, ogh\nSwedish: och, ock\nOld Danish: oc\nDanish: og\nNorwegian Bokmål: og\n→ Middle English: oc, ok\n⇒ Scots: okname, ockname"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌿𐌺"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌿𐌺 (auk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌿𐌺 (auk)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ew",
"4": "",
"5": "away, again"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, again”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "αὖ",
"3": "",
"4": "again"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “again”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "αὖγε"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek αὖγε (aûge)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ewg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, again”) + *ge (intensifier); compare Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “again”), γε (ge, “at least, at any rate”), also found as Ancient Greek αὖγε (aûge). But compare also Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/auk",
"pos": "adv",
"related": [
{
"word": "aukaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"also, too"
],
"links": [
[
"also",
"also"
],
[
"too",
"too"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"furthermore, in addition"
],
"links": [
[
"furthermore",
"furthermore"
],
[
"in addition",
"in addition"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑu̯k/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "auk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic conjunctions",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ew",
"4": "",
"5": "away, again"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, again”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "αὖ",
"3": "",
"4": "again"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “again”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "αὖγε"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek αὖγε (aûge)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ewg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, again”) + *ge (intensifier); compare Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “again”), γε (ge, “at least, at any rate”), also found as Ancient Greek αὖγε (aûge). But compare also Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/auk",
"pos": "conj",
"related": [
{
"word": "ak"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"and"
],
"links": [
[
"and",
"and"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*andi"
},
{
"word": "*jahw"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"but also"
],
"links": [
[
"but",
"but"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑu̯k/"
}
],
"word": "auk"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.