See to- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for to- meaning in Proto-Celtic (2.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "to-"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: to-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: to-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "do-",
"3": "de-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: do-, de-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: do-, de-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "de-"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: de-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: de-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "di-"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh: di-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Welsh: di-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "dy-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: dy-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: dy-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "dy-"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: dy-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: dy-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "to-",
"3": "do-",
"4": "do-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: to-, do-, do-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: to-, do-, do-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "do-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: do-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: do-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*tó",
"t": "to, towards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tó (“to, towards”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "",
"pos": "connective particle",
"t": "then",
"tr": "ta-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (ta-, “then”, connective particle)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Dunkel gives two suggestions, either Proto-Indo-European *tó (“to, towards”), but there are no clear cognates, or PIE *tó (“then”), compare Hittite [script needed] (ta-, “then”, connective particle). Matasović's derivation from PIE *tó- (pronoun) is plausible neither semantically nor morphologically, because the stem *tó- was otherwise completely replaced by *só- in Celtic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/to-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to, towards"
],
"id": "en-to--cel-pro-prefix-8Z5Bjywf",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"towards",
"towards"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme",
"Peter Schrijver"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "to-"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: to-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: to-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "do-",
"3": "de-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: do-, de-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: do-, de-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "de-"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: de-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: de-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "di-"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh: di-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Welsh: di-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "dy-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: dy-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: dy-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "dy-"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: dy-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: dy-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "to-",
"3": "do-",
"4": "do-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: to-, do-, do-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: to-, do-, do-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "do-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: do-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: do-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*tó",
"t": "to, towards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tó (“to, towards”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "",
"pos": "connective particle",
"t": "then",
"tr": "ta-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (ta-, “then”, connective particle)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Dunkel gives two suggestions, either Proto-Indo-European *tó (“to, towards”), but there are no clear cognates, or PIE *tó (“then”), compare Hittite [script needed] (ta-, “then”, connective particle). Matasović's derivation from PIE *tó- (pronoun) is plausible neither semantically nor morphologically, because the stem *tó- was otherwise completely replaced by *só- in Celtic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/to-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic prefixes",
"Proto-Celtic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Requests for native script for Hittite terms"
],
"glosses": [
"to, towards"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"towards",
"towards"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme",
"Peter Schrijver"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.