"も" meaning in Old Japanese

See in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Particle

Etymology: From Proto-Japonic *mə. Appears in common use in the Kojiki (712 CE), with the only attested distinction between ⟨mo₁⟩ and ⟨mo₂⟩. Compare Middle Chinese 母 (MC muwX). Pronunciation was distinct from ⟨mo₁⟩ terms such as 雲 (kumo₁, “cloud”) and 下 (simo₁, “lower, end”); pronounced closely to Middle Chinese 毛 (MC maw|mawH). This was lost in a later ancient Japanese chronicle, the Nihon Shoki (720 CE), and ⟨mo₁⟩ and ⟨mo₂⟩ were merged to form one syllable mo. See the Man'yōgana and Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai articles for more detail on ancient spellings. Etymology templates: {{inh|ojp|jpx-pro|*mə}} Proto-Japonic *mə, {{C.E.|nodots=1}} CE, {{CE}} CE, {{IPAfont|⟨mo₁⟩}} ⟨mo₁⟩, {{IPAfont|⟨mo₂⟩}} ⟨mo₂⟩, {{cog|ltc|-}} Middle Chinese, {{ltc-l|母}} 母 (MC muwX), {{IPAfont|⟨mo₁⟩}} ⟨mo₁⟩, {{cog|ltc|-}} Middle Chinese, {{ltc-l|毛}} 毛 (MC maw|mawH), {{C.E.|nodots=1}} CE, {{CE}} CE, {{IPAfont|⟨mo₁⟩}} ⟨mo₁⟩, {{IPAfont|⟨mo₂⟩}} ⟨mo₂⟩ Head templates: {{head|ojp|particle|tr=mo₂ → mo}} も (mo₂ → mo)
  1. non-unique topic marker: also, even Derived forms: かも (ka mo)
    Sense id: en-も-ojp-particle-YzJ9SEQ4 Categories (other): Old Japanese particles
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

Forms: -mo [romanization]
Etymology: The Eastern variant of む (-mu). Head templates: {{head|ojp|suffix|tr=-mo}} も (-mo)
  1. (regional, Eastern Old Japanese) Used to form the conjectural form of verbs, equivalent to modern う (-u)/よう (-yō) Tags: morpheme, regional
    Sense id: en-も-ojp-suffix-RJXGx4BV Categories (other): Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Regional Old Japanese
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for も meaning in Old Japanese (4.0kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "も",
            "tr": "mo"
          },
          "expansion": "Japanese: も (mo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Japanese: も (mo)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*mə"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *mə",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "⟨mo₁⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "⟨mo₁⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "⟨mo₂⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "⟨mo₂⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ltc",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "母"
      },
      "expansion": "母 (MC muwX)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "⟨mo₁⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "⟨mo₁⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ltc",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "毛"
      },
      "expansion": "毛 (MC maw|mawH)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "⟨mo₁⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "⟨mo₁⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "⟨mo₂⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "⟨mo₂⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *mə.\nAppears in common use in the Kojiki (712 CE), with the only attested distinction between ⟨mo₁⟩ and ⟨mo₂⟩. Compare Middle Chinese 母 (MC muwX).\nPronunciation was distinct from ⟨mo₁⟩ terms such as 雲 (kumo₁, “cloud”) and 下 (simo₁, “lower, end”); pronounced closely to Middle Chinese 毛 (MC maw|mawH). This was lost in a later ancient Japanese chronicle, the Nihon Shoki (720 CE), and ⟨mo₁⟩ and ⟨mo₂⟩ were merged to form one syllable mo. See the Man'yōgana and Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai articles for more detail on ancient spellings.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "particle",
        "tr": "mo₂ → mo"
      },
      "expansion": "も (mo₂ → mo)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ojp",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Japanese particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "ka mo",
          "word": "かも"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "non-unique topic marker: also, even"
      ],
      "id": "en-も-ojp-particle-YzJ9SEQ4",
      "links": [
        [
          "also",
          "also"
        ],
        [
          "even",
          "even"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai",
    "Kojiki",
    "Man'yōgana",
    "Nihon Shoki"
  ],
  "word": "も"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "The Eastern variant of む (-mu).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-mo",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "suffix",
        "tr": "-mo"
      },
      "expansion": "も (-mo)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ojp",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Regional Old Japanese",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": ", text here\n可美都氣努佐野田能奈倍能武良奈倍爾許登波佐太米都伊麻波伊可爾世母\nKami₁tuke₂no₁ Sano₁da-no₂-nape₂ no₂ muranape₂ ni ko₂to₂ ni sadame₂tu ima pa ika ni semo",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": ", text here\n和我可度乃可多夜麻都婆伎麻己等奈禮和我弖布禮奈奈都知爾於知母加毛\nwaga kado₁ no₂ katayama tubaki mako₂to₂ nare waga te purenana tuti ni otimo ka mo",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the conjectural form of verbs, equivalent to modern う (-u)/よう (-yō)"
      ],
      "id": "en-も-ojp-suffix-RJXGx4BV",
      "links": [
        [
          "regional",
          "regional#English"
        ],
        [
          "う",
          "う#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "よう",
          "よう#Japanese"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Eastern Old Japanese",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(regional, Eastern Old Japanese) Used to form the conjectural form of verbs, equivalent to modern う (-u)/よう (-yō)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "regional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ja:大辞林",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "も"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Japanese lemmas",
    "Old Japanese particles",
    "Old Japanese suffixes",
    "Old Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
    "Old Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "ka mo",
      "word": "かも"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "も",
            "tr": "mo"
          },
          "expansion": "Japanese: も (mo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Japanese: も (mo)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*mə"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *mə",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "⟨mo₁⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "⟨mo₁⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "⟨mo₂⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "⟨mo₂⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ltc",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "母"
      },
      "expansion": "母 (MC muwX)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "⟨mo₁⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "⟨mo₁⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ltc",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "毛"
      },
      "expansion": "毛 (MC maw|mawH)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "⟨mo₁⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "⟨mo₁⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "⟨mo₂⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "⟨mo₂⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *mə.\nAppears in common use in the Kojiki (712 CE), with the only attested distinction between ⟨mo₁⟩ and ⟨mo₂⟩. Compare Middle Chinese 母 (MC muwX).\nPronunciation was distinct from ⟨mo₁⟩ terms such as 雲 (kumo₁, “cloud”) and 下 (simo₁, “lower, end”); pronounced closely to Middle Chinese 毛 (MC maw|mawH). This was lost in a later ancient Japanese chronicle, the Nihon Shoki (720 CE), and ⟨mo₁⟩ and ⟨mo₂⟩ were merged to form one syllable mo. See the Man'yōgana and Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai articles for more detail on ancient spellings.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "particle",
        "tr": "mo₂ → mo"
      },
      "expansion": "も (mo₂ → mo)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ojp",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "non-unique topic marker: also, even"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "also",
          "also"
        ],
        [
          "even",
          "even"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai",
    "Kojiki",
    "Man'yōgana",
    "Nihon Shoki"
  ],
  "word": "も"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Japanese lemmas",
    "Old Japanese suffixes"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "The Eastern variant of む (-mu).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-mo",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "suffix",
        "tr": "-mo"
      },
      "expansion": "も (-mo)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ojp",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Old Japanese terms with usage examples",
        "Regional Old Japanese",
        "Requests for translations of Old Japanese usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": ", text here\n可美都氣努佐野田能奈倍能武良奈倍爾許登波佐太米都伊麻波伊可爾世母\nKami₁tuke₂no₁ Sano₁da-no₂-nape₂ no₂ muranape₂ ni ko₂to₂ ni sadame₂tu ima pa ika ni semo",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": ", text here\n和我可度乃可多夜麻都婆伎麻己等奈禮和我弖布禮奈奈都知爾於知母加毛\nwaga kado₁ no₂ katayama tubaki mako₂to₂ nare waga te purenana tuti ni otimo ka mo",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the conjectural form of verbs, equivalent to modern う (-u)/よう (-yō)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "regional",
          "regional#English"
        ],
        [
          "う",
          "う#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "よう",
          "よう#Japanese"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Eastern Old Japanese",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(regional, Eastern Old Japanese) Used to form the conjectural form of verbs, equivalent to modern う (-u)/よう (-yō)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "regional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ja:大辞林",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "も"
}
{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: mo₂ → mo",
  "path": [
    "も"
  ],
  "section": "Old Japanese",
  "subsection": "particle",
  "title": "も",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.