See 누 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 누 meaning in Middle Korean (5.5kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "누",
"t": "who, someone"
},
"expansion": "Korean: 누 (nu, “who, someone”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic or dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(archaic or dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Korean: 누 (nu, “who, someone”) (archaic or dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "누구",
"der": "1",
"t": "who, someone"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Korean: 누구 (nugu, “who, someone”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Korean: 누구 (nugu, “who, someone”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "누가",
"der": "1",
"pos": "as subject",
"t": "who, someone"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Korean: 누가 (nuga, “who, someone”, as subject)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Korean: 누가 (nuga, “who, someone”, as subject)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "뉘",
"der": "1",
"t": "who, someone"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Korean: 뉘 (nwi, “who, someone”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Korean: 뉘 (nwi, “who, someone”) (archaic)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "누구"
},
"expansion": "누구 (nugu)",
"name": "ko-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "母(모)音(음)의 意(의)味(미)交(교)替(체)의 範(범)疇(주)-中(중)期(기)國(국)語(어)를 中(중)心(심)으로"
},
"expansion": "母(모)音(음)의 意(의)味(미)交(교)替(체)의 範(범)疇(주)-中(중)期(기)國(국)語(어)를 中(중)心(심)으로",
"name": "ruby"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "<ruby>母<rp>(</rp><rt>모</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>音<rp>(</rp><rt>음</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>의 <ruby>意<rp>(</rp><rt>의</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>味<rp>(</rp><rt>미</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>交<rp>(</rp><rt>교</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>替<rp>(</rp><rt>체</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>의 <ruby>範<rp>(</rp><rt>범</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>疇<rp>(</rp><rt>주</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>-<ruby>中<rp>(</rp><rt>중</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>期<rp>(</rp><rt>기</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>國<rp>(</rp><rt>국</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>語<rp>(</rp><rt>어</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>를 <ruby>中<rp>(</rp><rt>중</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>心<rp>(</rp><rt>심</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>으로"
},
"expansion": "母(모)音(음)의 意(의)味(미)交(교)替(체)의 範(범)疇(주)中(중)期(기)國(국)語(어)를 中(중)心(심)으로",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "硏(연)究(구)"
},
"expansion": "硏(연)究(구)",
"name": "ruby"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "Ablaut <ruby>硏<rp>(</rp><rt>연</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>究<rp>(</rp><rt>구</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>"
},
"expansion": "Ablaut 硏(연)究(구)",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "It has been suggested since the 1950s that the basic Korean pronouns 나 (na, “I; me”), 너 (ne, “you”), and 누 (nwu, “who”) (> modern 누구 (nugu)) were all formed from the same etymon via ablaut, which appears to have once been an extremely productive process in Korean, at some very ancient stage. Given the very limited data on prehistoric Korean, this hypothesis cannot be proven for sure either way.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "누〮",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "nwú",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "누〮",
"roman": "nwú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "pronoun",
"head": "누〮",
"tr": "nwú"
},
"expansion": "누〮 (nwú)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Korean",
"lang_code": "okm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Korean pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Who was the one, who was the one who had made that vow?",
"ref": "14th century?, “滿殿春 (Manjeonchun)”, in 樂章歌詞 (Akjang gasa)",
"text": "벼기더시니 뉘러시니ᅌᅵᆺ가 뉘러시니ᅌᅵᆺ가\npyekitesin_i nwu-ylesiningiska nwu-ylesiningiska",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "On this confounding trail where there are no longer those to know the way, who do you intend to see, that you come weeping thus?",
"ref": "1459, 月印釋譜 / 월인석보 [Worin seokbo], pages 8:86b—8.87a",
"text": "아라〮 녀리〮 그츤〮 이〮런 이ᄫᅳᆫ〮 길헤〮 눌〯 보〯리라〮 우러〮곰〮 온다〮\nàlá nyèl_í kùchún ílèn ìWún kìlh-éy nwǔ-l pwǒlìlá wùlé-kwóm wòntá",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"who?"
],
"id": "en-누-okm-pron-HYF20Xk1",
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) who?"
],
"tags": [
"interrogative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nú/"
}
],
"word": "누"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "누",
"t": "who, someone"
},
"expansion": "Korean: 누 (nu, “who, someone”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic or dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(archaic or dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Korean: 누 (nu, “who, someone”) (archaic or dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "누구",
"der": "1",
"t": "who, someone"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Korean: 누구 (nugu, “who, someone”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Korean: 누구 (nugu, “who, someone”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "누가",
"der": "1",
"pos": "as subject",
"t": "who, someone"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Korean: 누가 (nuga, “who, someone”, as subject)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Korean: 누가 (nuga, “who, someone”, as subject)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "뉘",
"der": "1",
"t": "who, someone"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Korean: 뉘 (nwi, “who, someone”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Korean: 뉘 (nwi, “who, someone”) (archaic)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "누구"
},
"expansion": "누구 (nugu)",
"name": "ko-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "母(모)音(음)의 意(의)味(미)交(교)替(체)의 範(범)疇(주)-中(중)期(기)國(국)語(어)를 中(중)心(심)으로"
},
"expansion": "母(모)音(음)의 意(의)味(미)交(교)替(체)의 範(범)疇(주)-中(중)期(기)國(국)語(어)를 中(중)心(심)으로",
"name": "ruby"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "<ruby>母<rp>(</rp><rt>모</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>音<rp>(</rp><rt>음</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>의 <ruby>意<rp>(</rp><rt>의</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>味<rp>(</rp><rt>미</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>交<rp>(</rp><rt>교</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>替<rp>(</rp><rt>체</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>의 <ruby>範<rp>(</rp><rt>범</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>疇<rp>(</rp><rt>주</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>-<ruby>中<rp>(</rp><rt>중</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>期<rp>(</rp><rt>기</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>國<rp>(</rp><rt>국</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>語<rp>(</rp><rt>어</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>를 <ruby>中<rp>(</rp><rt>중</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>心<rp>(</rp><rt>심</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>으로"
},
"expansion": "母(모)音(음)의 意(의)味(미)交(교)替(체)의 範(범)疇(주)中(중)期(기)國(국)語(어)를 中(중)心(심)으로",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "硏(연)究(구)"
},
"expansion": "硏(연)究(구)",
"name": "ruby"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "Ablaut <ruby>硏<rp>(</rp><rt>연</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>究<rp>(</rp><rt>구</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>"
},
"expansion": "Ablaut 硏(연)究(구)",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "It has been suggested since the 1950s that the basic Korean pronouns 나 (na, “I; me”), 너 (ne, “you”), and 누 (nwu, “who”) (> modern 누구 (nugu)) were all formed from the same etymon via ablaut, which appears to have once been an extremely productive process in Korean, at some very ancient stage. Given the very limited data on prehistoric Korean, this hypothesis cannot be proven for sure either way.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "누〮",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "nwú",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "누〮",
"roman": "nwú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "pronoun",
"head": "누〮",
"tr": "nwú"
},
"expansion": "누〮 (nwú)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Korean",
"lang_code": "okm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
"Middle Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Korean lemmas",
"Middle Korean pronouns",
"Middle Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Middle Korean terms with quotations",
"Middle Korean terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Who was the one, who was the one who had made that vow?",
"ref": "14th century?, “滿殿春 (Manjeonchun)”, in 樂章歌詞 (Akjang gasa)",
"text": "벼기더시니 뉘러시니ᅌᅵᆺ가 뉘러시니ᅌᅵᆺ가\npyekitesin_i nwu-ylesiningiska nwu-ylesiningiska",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "On this confounding trail where there are no longer those to know the way, who do you intend to see, that you come weeping thus?",
"ref": "1459, 月印釋譜 / 월인석보 [Worin seokbo], pages 8:86b—8.87a",
"text": "아라〮 녀리〮 그츤〮 이〮런 이ᄫᅳᆫ〮 길헤〮 눌〯 보〯리라〮 우러〮곰〮 온다〮\nàlá nyèl_í kùchún ílèn ìWún kìlh-éy nwǔ-l pwǒlìlá wùlé-kwóm wòntá",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"who?"
],
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) who?"
],
"tags": [
"interrogative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nú/"
}
],
"word": "누"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/328",
"msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
"path": [
"누"
],
"section": "Middle Korean",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "누",
"trace": "started on line 3, detected on line 23"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Middle Korean]; cleaned text: Nominative",
"path": [
"누"
],
"section": "Middle Korean",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "누",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Isolated'",
"path": [
"누"
],
"section": "Middle Korean",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "누",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Korean dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (46b31b8 and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.