See stale in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for stale meaning in Middle English (14.9kB)
{
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{
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"2": "sthall"
},
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"Hapax legomena",
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{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "14th c., Stockh. Medical MS. in Anglia XVIII.299",
"text": "In werd ben men & women[…]þat þer stale mown not holde.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"urine"
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[
"urine",
"urine"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Middle English, hapax) urine"
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"Late-Middle-English",
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{
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"5": "theft"
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{
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"3": "*stalō"
},
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"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English stalu (“theft”), from Proto-Germanic *stalō.",
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{
"form": "stales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1340, Ayenbite, section 9",
"text": "Ine þise heste is vorbode roberie, þiefþe, stale, and gavel.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"theft; the act of stealing"
],
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"links": [
[
"theft",
"theft"
],
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"stealing",
"stealing"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1240, “Sawles Warde”, in Cott. Hom., section 249",
"text": "Hire wune is to cumen bi stale...hwen me least cweneð.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stealth (used in the phrase bi stale)"
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-yEbKyTun",
"links": [
[
"stealth",
"stealth"
],
[
"used",
"used"
],
[
"phrase",
"phrase"
]
]
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],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːl(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "stala"
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],
"word": "stale"
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"etymology_number": 3,
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{
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"t": "a piece of wood into which a harp-string is fixed"
},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English stalu (“a piece of wood into which a harp-string is fixed”).",
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{
"form": "stales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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],
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"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stele"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An upright of a ladder."
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-GkAx4xLz",
"links": [
[
"upright",
"upright"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A rung in a ladder; tier."
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-b7T0Ziwy",
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[
"rung",
"rung"
],
[
"tier",
"tier"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1315, Shoreham Poems, I 49",
"text": "Þis ilke laddre is charite, Þe stales gode þeawis.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The posts and rungs composing a ladder."
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-BrTB7XpL",
"links": [
[
"post",
"post"
],
[
"rung",
"rung"
],
[
"composing",
"composing"
],
[
"ladder",
"ladder"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Ansae et ansulae alicuius rei sunt illa eminentia in illa re per quam capi possit .i. ‘stale’.",
"text": "12th century, Sidonius Glosses in Anecd. Oxon., I v 59 22",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "And lerede men a ladel bygge with a long stale.",
"text": "c. 1393, Langland, Piers Plowman (Vesp. MS), C xxii 279",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A long, thin handle (of rakes, axes, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-mJiGnFhx",
"links": [
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"thin",
"thin"
],
[
"handle",
"handle"
],
[
"rake",
"rake"
],
[
"axe",
"axe"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A shoot of a plant."
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-iCHFFwG5",
"links": [
[
"shoot",
"shoot"
]
]
}
],
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"ipa": "/ˈstaːl(ə)/"
}
],
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"name": "bor"
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"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French estal",
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},
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stallaz"
},
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"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French estal, from Frankish stal, from Proto-Germanic *stallaz, earlier *staþlaz.",
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"args": {
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"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "And at pavelen...þe Erle of Dorzet helde is stale, and þer he toke prisoners.",
"text": "c. 1450, in C. L. Kingsford, Chrons. London (1905), 123",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte d'Arthur, V xi 179",
"text": "And syr Florence with his C knyghtes alwey kepte the stale and foughte manly.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a fixed position, particularly a soldier's in a battle-line"
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-6PEaOsTB",
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[
"fixed",
"fixed"
],
[
"position",
"position"
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[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
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"soldier",
"soldier"
],
[
"battle-line",
"battle-line"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Chess",
"orig": "enm:Chess",
"parents": [
"Board games",
"Tabletop games",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1423, Kingis Quair, section CLXIX",
"text": "‘Off mate?’ quod sche...‘thou has fundin stale This mony day’.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stalemate; a stalemated game."
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-bPKS3LtA",
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"stalemate",
"stalemate"
],
[
"game",
"game"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess) A stalemate; a stalemated game."
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1425, Wyntoun Cron., IX viii 811",
"text": "And he in stale howyd al stil.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an ambush"
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-ofzFnjNp",
"links": [
[
"ambush",
"ambush"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[Every time that it shall be ordered..that armed men..shall land on the enemy's coast to seek victuals... then there shall be ordained a sufficient ‘stale’ of armed men and archers who shall wait together on the land until the ‘forreiours’ return to them].\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "c. 1350, in N. H. Nicolas, Hist. Royal Navy (1847), II 491",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "14th century, Morte Arthur, 1355",
"text": "[Gawayne] sterttes owtte to hys stede, and with his stale wendes.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a band of armed men or hunters"
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-JA6vwAjC",
"links": [
[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"armed",
"armed"
],
[
"men",
"men"
],
[
"hunter",
"hunter"
]
]
}
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{
"ipa": "/staːl/"
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],
"word": "stale"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "xno",
"3": "estale",
"4": "",
"5": "pigeon used to lure hawks"
},
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"name": "bor"
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"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from uncommon Anglo-Norman estale (“pigeon used to lure hawks”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic, probably *standaną (“to stand”).",
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{
"args": {
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"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Falconry",
"orig": "enm:Falconry",
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"Sports",
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"kind": "topical",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1440, Promp. Parv., 472 1",
"text": "Stale, of fowlynge or byrdys takynge, stacionaria.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A live bird to lure birds of prey or others of its kind into a trap"
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-qWJ9RxkC",
"links": [
[
"falconry",
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],
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"hunting",
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],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"lure",
"lure"
],
[
"birds of prey",
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],
[
"others",
"others"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"trap",
"trap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(falconry, hunting) A live bird to lure birds of prey or others of its kind into a trap"
],
"topics": [
"falconry",
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːl(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
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"4": "",
"5": "settled, clear",
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"g2": "",
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"expansion": "Old French estale (“settled, clear”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
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},
{
"args": {
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "clear"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French estale (“settled, clear”), probably connected to Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”).\ntable",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective"
},
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}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Alcoholic beverages",
"orig": "enm:Alcoholic beverages",
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"Beverages",
"Recreational drugs",
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Drugs",
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],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Bi forn þe king abenche Red win to schenche And after mete stale Boþe win and ale.",
"text": "c. 1300, K. Horn (Laud), 383",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1386, Geoffrey Chaucer, Sir Thopas, section 52",
"text": "Notemuge to putte in ale, Whether it be moyste or stale",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clear, free of dregs and lees; old and strong"
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-adj-BZyn6azV",
"links": [
[
"alcoholic",
"alcoholic#Adjective"
],
[
"beverage",
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[
"clear",
"clear"
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[
"free",
"free"
],
[
"dreg",
"dreg"
],
[
"lee",
"lee"
],
[
"old",
"old"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"qualifier": "alcoholic beverages",
"raw_glosses": [
"(alcoholic beverages) clear, free of dregs and lees; old and strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːl(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_text": "From stale (“stalemate”) or stalen (“to stalemate”).",
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"pos": "adj",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English hapax legomena",
"parents": [
"Hapax legomena",
"Terms by usage"
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Stalemated in chess."
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-adj-hI09bfZ-",
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax) Stalemated in chess."
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːl(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
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"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
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{
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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],
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},
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
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],
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{
"args": {
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{
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{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "14th c., Stockh. Medical MS. in Anglia XVIII.299",
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"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"urine"
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[
"urine",
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"(Late Middle English, hapax) urine"
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{
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{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1340, Ayenbite, section 9",
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}
],
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"theft; the act of stealing"
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[
"theft",
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"act",
"act"
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"stealing",
"stealing"
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{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
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}
],
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"stealth (used in the phrase bi stale)"
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[
"stealth",
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"used",
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"phrase",
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{
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{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
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],
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{
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{
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],
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{
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{
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"plural"
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}
],
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{
"glosses": [
"An upright of a ladder."
],
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[
"upright",
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]
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{
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"A rung in a ladder; tier."
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[
"rung",
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"tier",
"tier"
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],
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{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1315, Shoreham Poems, I 49",
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}
],
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"The posts and rungs composing a ladder."
],
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[
"post",
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"rung",
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"composing",
"composing"
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"ladder",
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],
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{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Ansae et ansulae alicuius rei sunt illa eminentia in illa re per quam capi possit .i. ‘stale’.",
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"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "And lerede men a ladel bygge with a long stale.",
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}
],
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"A long, thin handle (of rakes, axes, etc.)"
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[
"long",
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"thin",
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"handle",
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"rake",
"rake"
],
[
"axe",
"axe"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A shoot of a plant."
],
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[
"shoot",
"shoot"
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{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːl(ə)/"
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"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation"
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{
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{
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
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}
],
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{
"args": {
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{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
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"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte d'Arthur, V xi 179",
"text": "And syr Florence with his C knyghtes alwey kepte the stale and foughte manly.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"a fixed position, particularly a soldier's in a battle-line"
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[
"fixed",
"fixed"
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"position",
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"particularly",
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"soldier",
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"battle-line",
"battle-line"
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},
{
"categories": [
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"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations",
"enm:Chess"
],
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{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1423, Kingis Quair, section CLXIX",
"text": "‘Off mate?’ quod sche...‘thou has fundin stale This mony day’.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stalemate; a stalemated game."
],
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[
"chess",
"chess"
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[
"stalemate",
"stalemate"
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"game",
"game"
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"(chess) A stalemate; a stalemated game."
],
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"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1425, Wyntoun Cron., IX viii 811",
"text": "And he in stale howyd al stil.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an ambush"
],
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[
"ambush",
"ambush"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
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{
"english": "[Every time that it shall be ordered..that armed men..shall land on the enemy's coast to seek victuals... then there shall be ordained a sufficient ‘stale’ of armed men and archers who shall wait together on the land until the ‘forreiours’ return to them].\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "c. 1350, in N. H. Nicolas, Hist. Royal Navy (1847), II 491",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "14th century, Morte Arthur, 1355",
"text": "[Gawayne] sterttes owtte to hys stede, and with his stale wendes.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a band of armed men or hunters"
],
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[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"armed",
"armed"
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[
"men",
"men"
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"hunter",
"hunter"
]
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/staːl/"
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],
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{
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{
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{
"args": {
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{
"args": {
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"1": "enm",
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],
"etymology_text": "Probably from uncommon Anglo-Norman estale (“pigeon used to lure hawks”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic, probably *standaną (“to stand”).",
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "stale",
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"categories": [
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{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1440, Promp. Parv., 472 1",
"text": "Stale, of fowlynge or byrdys takynge, stacionaria.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"A live bird to lure birds of prey or others of its kind into a trap"
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"falconry",
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"live",
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"bird",
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"lure",
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"birds of prey",
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"others",
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"kind",
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"trap",
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"(falconry, hunting) A live bird to lure birds of prey or others of its kind into a trap"
],
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"falconry",
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"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːl(ə)/"
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],
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"categories": [
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"args": {
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "clear"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French estale (“settled, clear”), probably connected to Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”).\ntable",
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective"
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],
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"lang_code": "enm",
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{
"categories": [
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"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations",
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{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Bi forn þe king abenche Red win to schenche And after mete stale Boþe win and ale.",
"text": "c. 1300, K. Horn (Laud), 383",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1386, Geoffrey Chaucer, Sir Thopas, section 52",
"text": "Notemuge to putte in ale, Whether it be moyste or stale",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clear, free of dregs and lees; old and strong"
],
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[
"alcoholic",
"alcoholic#Adjective"
],
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"beverage",
"beverage"
],
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"clear",
"clear"
],
[
"free",
"free"
],
[
"dreg",
"dreg"
],
[
"lee",
"lee"
],
[
"old",
"old"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
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"raw_glosses": [
"(alcoholic beverages) clear, free of dregs and lees; old and strong"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːl(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_text": "From stale (“stalemate”) or stalen (“to stalemate”).",
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{
"args": {
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"2": "adjective"
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"expansion": "stale",
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],
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"pos": "adj",
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{
"categories": [
"Middle English hapax legomena"
],
"glosses": [
"Stalemated in chess."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax) Stalemated in chess."
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːl(ə)/"
}
],
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}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Late Middle English, hapax",
"path": [
"stale"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "stale",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Late Middle English, hapax",
"path": [
"stale"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "stale",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax",
"path": [
"stale"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "stale",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax",
"path": [
"stale"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "stale",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.