"-ard" meaning in French

See -ard in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /aʁ/ Audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-Penegal--ard.wav Forms: -ards [plural], -arde [feminine]
Etymology: Inherited from Middle French, from Old French -ard, -art, from Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”), from Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- (“strong”). More at English hard. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|frm|-|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle French, {{inh+|fr|frm|-}} Inherited from Middle French, {{inh|fr|fro|-ard}} Old French -ard, {{der|fr|frk|*-hard||hardy, bold}} Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”), {{der|fr|gem-pro|*harduz||hard}} Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”), {{der|fr|ine-pro|*kert-}} Proto-Indo-European *kert- Head templates: {{fr-noun|m|f=+}} -ard m (plural -ards, feminine -arde)
  1. forms pejoratives, diminutives, and nouns representing or belonging to a particular class or sort Tags: masculine, morpheme
    Sense id: en--ard-fr-suffix-OhUwfF3r Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, Pages with raw sortkeys

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for -ard meaning in French (2.8kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-ard"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -ard",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*-hard",
        "4": "",
        "5": "hardy, bold"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*harduz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "hard"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kert-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kert-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French, from Old French -ard, -art, from Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”), from Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- (“strong”). More at English hard.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ards",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-arde",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "f": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "-ard m (plural -ards, feminine -arde)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: -asse"
        },
        {
          "text": "clocher (“to wobble”) + -ard → clochard (“tramp, vagrant”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "flemme (“laziness”) + -ard → flemmard (“idler”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "soul (“drunk”) + -ard → soulard (“drunkard”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "chauffeur (“driver”) + -ard → chauffard (“bad driver”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "montagne (“mountain”) + -ard → montagnard (“mountain-dweller”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "route (“road”) + -ard → routard (“backpacker”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms pejoratives, diminutives, and nouns representing or belonging to a particular class or sort"
      ],
      "id": "en--ard-fr-suffix-OhUwfF3r",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aʁ/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Penegal--ard.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ard"
}
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      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
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        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "-"
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      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-ard"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -ard",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*-hard",
        "4": "",
        "5": "hardy, bold"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*harduz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "hard"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
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        "3": "*kert-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kert-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French, from Old French -ard, -art, from Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”), from Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- (“strong”). More at English hard.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ards",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-arde",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "f": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "-ard m (plural -ards, feminine -arde)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
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      "categories": [
        "French 1-syllable words",
        "French countable nouns",
        "French entries with incorrect language header",
        "French lemmas",
        "French masculine suffixes",
        "French noun-forming suffixes",
        "French nouns with red links in their headword lines",
        "French suffixes",
        "French terms derived from Frankish",
        "French terms derived from Middle French",
        "French terms derived from Old French",
        "French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "French terms inherited from Middle French",
        "French terms inherited from Old French",
        "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "French terms with audio links",
        "Pages with raw sortkeys"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: -asse"
        },
        {
          "text": "clocher (“to wobble”) + -ard → clochard (“tramp, vagrant”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "flemme (“laziness”) + -ard → flemmard (“idler”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "soul (“drunk”) + -ard → soulard (“drunkard”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "chauffeur (“driver”) + -ard → chauffard (“bad driver”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "montagne (“mountain”) + -ard → montagnard (“mountain-dweller”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "route (“road”) + -ard → routard (“backpacker”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms pejoratives, diminutives, and nouns representing or belonging to a particular class or sort"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aʁ/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Penegal--ard.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ard"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.