See ’ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "hy", "2": "punctuation mark" }, "expansion": "’", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Armenian", "lang_code": "hy", "pos": "punct", "related": [ { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ա" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ա" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Բ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "բ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Գ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "գ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Դ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "դ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ե" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ե" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Զ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "զ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Է" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "է" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ը" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ը" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Թ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "թ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ժ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ժ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ի" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ի" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Լ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "լ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Խ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "խ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ծ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ծ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Կ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "կ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Հ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "հ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ձ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ձ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ղ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ղ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ճ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ճ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Մ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "մ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Յ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "յ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ն" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ն" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Շ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "շ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ո" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ո" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Չ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "չ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Պ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "պ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ջ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ջ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ռ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ռ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ս" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ս" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Վ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "վ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Տ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "տ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ր" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ր" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ց" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ց" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ւ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ւ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Փ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "փ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ք" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ք" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Օ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "օ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ֆ" }, { "_dis1": "37 44 19", "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ֆ" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "ՠ" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "ա̈ ա̊ ա̄ ը̂ է̀ էօ" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "օ̈ էօ̀" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "օ̈̀ իւ" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "ո̈ւ գյ կյ քյ հյ բՙ դՙ գՙ ձՙ ջՙ ղՙ ֈ ʔ" }, { "_dis1": "33 33 33", "sense": "Punctuation", "word": "ՙ ՚ ՛ ՜ ՝ ՞ ՟ ․ ։ ֊" }, { "_dis1": "28 34 39", "sense": "Symbols", "word": "֏" }, { "_dis1": "28 34 39", "sense": "Symbols", "word": "֎" }, { "_dis1": "28 34 39", "sense": "Symbols", "word": "֍" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "english": "to home", "roman": "’i tun", "text": "’ի տուն", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "Armenian apostrophe, ապաթարց (apatʻarcʻ)", "In Old Armenian placed before the preposition ի (i) to differentiate it from words starting with the letter ի." ], "id": "en-’-hy-punct-063GDJPJ", "links": [ [ "ապաթարց", "ապաթարց#Armenian" ], [ "Old Armenian", "Old Armenian#English" ], [ "ի", "ի#Old_Armenian" ] ], "raw_tags": [ "punctuation" ], "related": [ { "_dis1": "52 25 22", "sense": "Letter combinations", "word": "ու և ﬔ ﬕ ﬓ ﬗ ﬖ" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "2 13 5 7 8 8 9 3 2 1 1 10 4 4 4 4 4 2 0 2 1 2 3", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 10 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 16 6 5 6 6 7 3 2 2 0 8 5 5 5 5 5 2 0 2 2 2 3", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "30 55 15", "kind": "other", "name": "Armenian entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "25 57 18", "kind": "other", "name": "Armenian punctuation marks", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "english": "says", "roman": "k’əsē", "text": "կ’ըսէ", "type": "example" }, { "english": "doesn't go", "roman": "čʻ’ertʻar", "text": "չ’երթար", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "Armenian apostrophe, ապաթարց (apatʻarcʻ)", "In literary Western Armenian, replaces reduced vowels, especially in the case of the particles կը (kə), մը (mə), չի (čʻi)." ], "id": "en-’-hy-punct-AcKa1RCH", "links": [ [ "ապաթարց", "ապաթարց#Armenian" ], [ "Western Armenian", "Western Armenian#English" ], [ "կը", "կը#Armenian" ], [ "մը", "մը#Armenian:_article" ], [ "չի", "չի#Armenian" ] ], "raw_tags": [ "punctuation" ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "english": "Joan of Arc", "roman": "Žanna d’Ark", "text": "Ժաննա դ’Արկ", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "Armenian apostrophe, ապաթարց (apatʻarcʻ)", "In transliterating European proper nouns with apostrophes, such as names with the particles d', O', transliterates the apostrophe." ], "id": "en-’-hy-punct-5Wg5odNQ", "links": [ [ "ապաթարց", "ապաթարց#Armenian" ], [ "d'", "d'#French" ], [ "O'", "O'#English" ] ], "raw_tags": [ "punctuation" ] } ], "wikipedia": [ "hy:Ապաթարց" ], "word": "’" }
{ "categories": [ "Armenian entries with incorrect language header", "Armenian lemmas", "Armenian punctuation marks", "Pages with 10 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "hy", "2": "punctuation mark" }, "expansion": "’", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Armenian", "lang_code": "hy", "pos": "punct", "related": [ { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ա" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ա" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Բ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "բ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Գ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "գ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Դ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "դ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ե" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ե" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Զ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "զ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Է" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "է" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ը" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ը" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Թ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "թ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ժ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ժ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ի" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ի" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Լ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "լ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Խ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "խ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ծ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ծ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Կ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "կ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Հ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "հ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ձ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ձ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ղ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ղ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ճ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ճ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Մ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "մ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Յ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "յ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ն" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ն" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Շ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "շ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ո" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ո" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Չ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "չ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Պ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "պ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ջ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ջ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ռ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ռ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ս" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ս" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Վ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "վ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Տ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "տ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ր" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ր" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ց" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ց" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ւ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ւ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Փ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "փ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ք" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ք" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Օ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "օ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "Ֆ" }, { "qualifier": "The Armenian script", "sense": "The Armenian script", "word": "ֆ" }, { "sense": "Letter combinations", "word": "ու և ﬔ ﬕ ﬓ ﬗ ﬖ" }, { "word": "ՠ" }, { "word": "ա̈ ա̊ ա̄ ը̂ է̀ էօ" }, { "word": "օ̈ էօ̀" }, { "word": "օ̈̀ իւ" }, { "word": "ո̈ւ գյ կյ քյ հյ բՙ դՙ գՙ ձՙ ջՙ ղՙ ֈ ʔ" }, { "sense": "Punctuation", "word": "ՙ ՚ ՛ ՜ ՝ ՞ ՟ ․ ։ ֊" }, { "sense": "Symbols", "word": "֏" }, { "sense": "Symbols", "word": "֎" }, { "sense": "Symbols", "word": "֍" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Armenian terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "english": "to home", "roman": "’i tun", "text": "’ի տուն", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "Armenian apostrophe, ապաթարց (apatʻarcʻ)", "In Old Armenian placed before the preposition ի (i) to differentiate it from words starting with the letter ի." ], "links": [ [ "ապաթարց", "ապաթարց#Armenian" ], [ "Old Armenian", "Old Armenian#English" ], [ "ի", "ի#Old_Armenian" ] ], "raw_tags": [ "punctuation" ] }, { "categories": [ "Armenian terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "english": "says", "roman": "k’əsē", "text": "կ’ըսէ", "type": "example" }, { "english": "doesn't go", "roman": "čʻ’ertʻar", "text": "չ’երթար", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "Armenian apostrophe, ապաթարց (apatʻarcʻ)", "In literary Western Armenian, replaces reduced vowels, especially in the case of the particles կը (kə), մը (mə), չի (čʻi)." ], "links": [ [ "ապաթարց", "ապաթարց#Armenian" ], [ "Western Armenian", "Western Armenian#English" ], [ "կը", "կը#Armenian" ], [ "մը", "մը#Armenian:_article" ], [ "չի", "չի#Armenian" ] ], "raw_tags": [ "punctuation" ] }, { "categories": [ "Armenian terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "english": "Joan of Arc", "roman": "Žanna d’Ark", "text": "Ժաննա դ’Արկ", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "Armenian apostrophe, ապաթարց (apatʻarcʻ)", "In transliterating European proper nouns with apostrophes, such as names with the particles d', O', transliterates the apostrophe." ], "links": [ [ "ապաթարց", "ապաթարց#Armenian" ], [ "d'", "d'#French" ], [ "O'", "O'#English" ] ], "raw_tags": [ "punctuation" ] } ], "wikipedia": [ "hy:Ապաթարց" ], "word": "’" }
Download raw JSONL data for ’ meaning in Armenian (8.7kB)
{ "called_from": "linkages/371", "msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: (Dialectological): ՠ / ա̈ ա̊ ա̄ ը̂ է̀ էօ / օ̈ էօ̀ / օ̈̀ իւ / ո̈ւ գյ կյ քյ հյ բՙ դՙ գՙ ձՙ ջՙ ղՙ ֈ ʔ desc=Dialectological rest=ՠ / ա̈ ա̊ ա̄ ը̂ է̀ էօ / օ̈ էօ̀ / օ̈̀ իւ / ո̈ւ գյ կյ քյ հյ բՙ դՙ գՙ ձՙ ջՙ ղՙ ֈ ʔ cls=romanization cls2=other e1=False e2=False", "path": [ "’" ], "section": "Armenian", "subsection": "punctuation mark", "title": "’", "trace": "" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Armenian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.